scholarly journals The first glance at the growing impact of private labels on the upstream local food suppliers in Finland

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xing Liu ◽  
Jyrki Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Private Labels ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
The Eu

The last twenty years has witnessed substantial changes in retailing across most European countries. Particularly, the increased prevalence of category management, the significant investment in new technology and improved logistics have enabled the supermarkets in the European countries acquired an increasing share of grocery markets. As a strategic tool, private labels (PL) has become increasingly important for European retailers to gain market share, loyalty of customers and reinforce the bargaining power toward suppliers and countervailing power against manufacturing brands. (Bonfrer and Chintagunta, 2004; Hansen et al., 2006; Groznik et. al. 2010 EU commission, 2011). The combination of recession and a retail food price spike during the last 5 years provides even more opportunity for PL growth as increasingly price-sensitive customers shift to PL alternatives.1(Volpe, 2011) According to statistics from Private Label Manufacturer Association (PLMA), the market share of PLs accounts for 17 to 48% of the groceries market in the EU in 2012. Many consumers see private label not only a trade-down but more often as another branded options. (Nielsen, 2010) In Finland, the sales of private labels have been growing significantly during the last five years. However, the total share of the sales is still lower than in the EU countries on average. PL share is commonly positively correlated to concentration levels in food retail. (Lincoln and Thomason, 2009). Table 1 presents the concentration of national grocery markets in a number of EU countries versus the market shares of PLs based on the volumes obtained from PLMA. Figure 1 displays the total market share of PLs including food and non-food in Finland calculated in value. Clearly, Finnish grocery trade is the most concentrated amongst EU members of states. Even though the market share of PLs in Finland has not reached as high level as the other European countries such as Germany and UK, the market share of PLs in food sector based on sales value, has been steadily grown from 7.6% in 2003 to 12% in 20123(See Figure 1). Given the close link between concentration levels and PL share, the expectation that PL market share in Finland is projected to increase by between 3- 5% points yearly in the coming five years. Compared to the current level of 12 percent, this entails that PL market share is set to over 20% in value in the coming 5 years. The growing importance of PLs has spawned an academic literature empirically investigating the factors that facilitates its success (Cotterill et al, 2000; Chintagunta et al, 2002; Richards et. al., 2007; USDA, 2011) different countries (Cordeiro, 2007; Kilic and Hakan, 2009). One of common consequences of high concentration and growing PLs sales is a growing imbalance of bargaining power within food supply chains, i.e. the power of supermarkets over their suppliers. In Finland, the economic and social effects of such imbalanced bargaining power on producers and processors are increasingly recognized (FCA, 2012)4, however, the empirical research related to PLs has been very limited (Delvecchoio, 2001). Amongst the limited publication related PLs, many concentrated on retailers and consumer’ welfare being (Gabrielsen and Sorgard, 2007; Perrin 2006; Uusitalo and Rökman 2004; The Economist Intelligence Unit: Industry report, 2010). However, very limited research (Suvanto et.al, 2006), stood into suppliers’ shoes.

scholarly journals Private Label and Macroeconomic Indicators: Europe and USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Eloy Gil-Cordero ◽  
Francisco Javier Rondán-Cataluña ◽  
Daniel Sigüenza-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Private Labels ◽  
National Brand ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we have analyzed the impact and evolution of some of the most important macroeconomic indices on the market share and value of private brands. The originality and objective of this work is the linkage of macroeconomic variables in European countries and the USA with the evolution of private labels in these countries. A sample of 19 European countries and all states within the USA has been collected over a 10-year period, including data on private labels and macroeconomic indices. The analysis of the panel data has been applied using the SPSS software through the Ljung–Box test. The most significant data from the sample study is that for GDP; we advised national brand managers to make a special communication effort in nations that offer a lower GDP within Europe for their volume and in value for the US. On the other hand, it was found that when the unemployment rate increases, the value of private label market share decreases for the US, but increases for Europe, in addition to other findings that will help organizations make different business decisions.

scholarly journals Uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark compared with other European countries: a comparative study and discussion of factors influencing implementation and uptake of biosimilars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Azuz ◽  
Max Newton ◽  
Dorthe Bartels ◽  
Birgitte Klindt Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Market Share ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
European Data ◽  
Similar Strategy ◽  
Rapid Dissemination

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to describe the implementation and uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark compared with other European countries. Methods European data for usage of trastuzumab was supplied by IQVIA™, using the MIDAS® dataset. A comparison was performed based on market share estimated in sales volume. A separate comparison was undertaken between countries with a full two-fold switch between different biosimilars. Data was collected spanning the time from first registered sales of biosimilar trastuzumab until the 1st quarter of 2020. Results Denmark had the fastest and most thorough uptake of biosimilar trastuzumab compared with other EU countries. After 3 months, the market share of biosimilar trastuzumab had increased to 90% while the second fastest country had a 50% market share after 3 months. Only two other countries had undergone a full second switch between biosimilars, Hungary and Norway. All of the three countries made near complete switches between biosimilars while only Denmark had reduced the use of biooriginator below 10%. Conclusion The implementation of biosimilar trastuzumab in Denmark was rapid and achieved high overall uptake compared with other EU countries. The switch from one biosimilar to another was also achieved quickly and thoroughly. We believe that the rapid dissemination of information and involvement of all stakeholders — administrators, pharmacies, prescribers, nurses, and patients — constitute the backbone of the Danish success. A similar strategy is recommend for biosimilar implementation in other countries.

An Insight into Private Label Brands

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-273
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Sekhar Kar ◽  
Rohit Prashar
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Private Labels ◽  
Private Label Brands ◽  
Insight Into

The recent booming of organised retail sector in India has also opened up vast scope for private label players in the market. As retail players are quick to grab a bigger and bigger slice of the retail pie, a new challenge in the shape of private label brands are raising their heads to upturn the applecart of the manufacturer brands. These private label players are no longer seen as cheap me-too products. Rather they are increasingly seen as competitors to the established brands as they lure the random buyers and toss-ups to their fold. Hence it is no wonder that the private label players are playing an increasing role from day to day in the market. They offer less priced products, satisfy local tastes even sometimes their products are of superior quality as compared to established brands. This article therefore, tries to look into the role of private labels in retail market outlining their growth, market share, problems and perspectives.

scholarly journals Nonparametric Approach to Evaluation of Economic and Social Development in the EU28 Member States by DEA Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melecký ◽  
Staníčková ◽  
Hančlová
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Nonparametric Approach ◽  
Technological Efficiency ◽  
Dea Efficiency ◽  
The Eu

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology is used in this study for a comparison of the dynamic efficiency of European countries over the last decade. Moreover, efficiency analysis is used to determine where resources are distributed efficiently and/or were used efficiently/inefficiently under factors of competitiveness extracted from factor analysis. DEA measures numerical grades of the efficiency of economic processes within evaluated countries and, therefore, it becomes a suitable tool for setting an efficient/inefficient position of each country. Most importantly, the DEA technique is applied to all (28) European Union (EU) countries to evaluate their technical and technological efficiency within the selected factors of competitiveness based on country competitiveness index in the 2000–2017 reference period. The main aim of the paper is to measure efficiency changes over the reference period and to analyze the level of productivity in individual countries based on the Malmquist productivity index (MPI). Empirical results confirm significant disparities among European countries and selected periods 2000–2007, 2008–2011, and 2012–2017. Finally, the study offers a comprehensive comparison and discussion of results obtained by MPI that indicate the EU countries in which policy-making authorities should aim to stimulate national development and provide more quality of life to the EU citizens.

scholarly journals STATE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR SMALL BUSINESS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS CRISIS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (38) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
V. Humeniuk ◽  
Iu. Umantsiv ◽  
A. Dligach ◽  
Н. Іванова ◽  
H. Umantsiv
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. The aim of the conducted research is elaboration of conceptual statements and formulation of practical recommendations aimed at development of the methodological bases of state financial support for small business. On the basis of the existing theoretical statements, discovery of essential characteristics, peculiarities and systematisation of the obtained results of the research, conceptual approaches to interpretation of the features of state financial support for small business during the coronavirus crisis have been suggested. Small business is an important component of the economic system of any country. It ensures formation of the complex structure of the market for goods and services, development of efficient competition and promotes addressing the needs of consumers in conditions of formation of their sovereignty. State financial support for small business in European countries is at different stages of development. In the EU countries, financial policy of small business regulation is an example of state intervention in the mechanism of market self-regulation in order to solve social and economic problems by changing the economic behaviorur of small enterprises. The formational process, strategic priorities of state financial support for small business in European countries and macroeconomic instruments for its implementation during the coronavirus crisis have been studied. Changes in the concern of the world community in forms of state financial support for small business have been detected. A comparative and analytical examination of the instruments for macroeconomic financial regulation, which are being used during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, has been conducted. The research shows the importance of small business in terms of solving economic and social problems of social development, outlines the situation of state financial support in the EU countries in comparison with Ukrainian small enterprises, determines the general features and differences in state regulation of entrepreneurship. The practical significance of the obtained results consists in the fact that the main scientific statements of the article can be used in practice of state and regional management of small business. Keywords: small business, state regulation, financial support, financial policy, coronavirus crisis. JEL Classification H12, D21, E61 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 12.

Northern EU countries may lose influence post-Brexit

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Inner Circle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Subject The impact of Brexit on northern European countries. Significance The United Kingdom's vote to leave the EU presents a particular challenge to northern EU countries -- some of which are, like the United Kingdom, not members of the euro-area -- as they will lose a powerful ally for a more competitive, fiscally disciplined and globally oriented EU. Impacts Brexit could accelerate a closer economic, financial and fiscal integration of the euro-area, which many non-euro-area capitals oppose. Brexit could widen the gap between an 'inner circle' of euro-area members and a periphery of non-euro ones. The loss of UK contributions to the EU budget means that the burden shouldered by northern EU countries, all net contributors, will rise.

Effects of governance on entrepreneurship: European Union vs non-European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Rodríguez-Gulías ◽  
Vítor Manuel de Sousa Gabriel ◽  
David Rodeiro-Pazos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of six governance indicators on the rate of creation of new companies between countries that are members of the European Union (EU) and those that are not. H1 states that the various dimensions of governance help to explain the immediate creation of new businesses in European and non-European countries. H2 states that the various dimensions of governance help to explain the deferred creation of new businesses in European and non-European countries. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses two types of analyses: firstly, univariate analysis, which is a descriptive statistics of the dependent, independent and control variables, and the results of a t-test; and secondly, multivariate analysis, which estimates using the fixed-effects estimator under the specifications previously raised for the subsample of 28 EU countries and for the subsample of 103 non-EU countries during the period 2004-2014. Findings The results show that the variables of governance are not significantly higher in the EU, although the density of the enterprises is. Within the governance indicators, government effectiveness is significant in the EU. The results obtained for the EU confirmed H1and H2, with a significant positive effect of government effectiveness on entrepreneurship, while the other governance variables were not significant in the EU subsample. The results obtained for non-EU countries suggest no significant immediate effects (H1) and a slightly significant delayed effect of rule of law on the entrepreneurship (H2) concerned. Research limitations/implications Future research in this area could consider introducing another regional division or other types of methodology as variables affect models. Practical implications Governance can be defined as the ability of a government and its public institutions to provide services and design, and implement rules, which is a factor that affects the creation of new companies. However, the effect of governance could differ depending on the country and its economic environment. This paper analyses the effect of six governance indicators on the rate of creation of new companies considering two different geographic regions as countries are presumably heterogeneous. Therefore, these results indicate that the effect of governance variables on entrepreneurship differs according to the region. Social implications The effect of governance variables on entrepreneurship according to the region is also known. Originality/value This study applied panel data analysis to two samples of countries during the period 2004-2014, one formed by 28 countries of the EU and the other by 103 non-EU countries. No other paper considers this number of countries for this period. To assess the impact of governance on the creation of new companies, this paper considered the existence of immediate and deferred effects of governance on entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals The dimensions of fiscal governance as the cornerstone of public finance sustainability: A general framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Giosi ◽  
Silvia Testarmata ◽  
Sandro Brunelli ◽  
Bianca Staglianò
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
European Union ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
General Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu

Recently many European countries have incurred crises in public finance despite the fact that EU institutions have pushed the national governments toward the sustainability of public finance with compulsory and voluntary rules regarding fiscal governance. This paper investigates the relations between the quality of fiscal governance and the financial virtuosity of national fiscal policy. We proposed a general framework for analyzing the fiscal governance issue and we empirically tested the correlation between the dimensions of fiscal governance and the budgetary performance of EU countries. The results showed a positive correlation between the quality of fiscal governance in the EU countries and financial surplus in the period concerned. However further investigations are needed and an effort should be made to collect uniform data on fiscal governance in the European Union.

scholarly journals Analysis of the competitiveness of the EU and its member countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Nataliya Horbal ◽  
◽  
Uliana Kohut ◽  
Uliana Motorniuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
European Integration ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
The Eu

With the convergence of national markets of individual countries and the revival of globalization processes, international competition is growing not only among producers of goods and services, but also among regions and countries. There are a significant number of approaches to the analysis and improvement of countries’ competitiveness. Given Ukraine’s European integration pass, we consider the EU countries to be a key benchmark for its development. The EU, as a union of democratic European countries working together for peace and prosperity, must support a high competitiveness for both the Union as a whole and its member states in the face of increasing global competition. European integration has a significant positive impact on the development and competitiveness of the EU. However, in recent decades, it has deteriorated somewhat compared to global leaders due to dynamic changes in the international environment. As shown, EU countries (primarily the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Finland) occupy high positions in international rankings (Global Competitiveness Indexes of the WEF and IMD, Legatum Prosperity Index, ERT Benchmarking Report, Business Europe Reform Barometer), and especially sustainable development (SDSN Sustainable Development Index) etc. However, in a number of key areas, many EU countries and the Union generally lag behind world leaders. Today’s open and export-oriented European economy suffers from weak demand for investment and consumer goods, slow development of innovative and digital businesses etc. Instead, the EU is a global leader in achieving the goals of sustainable development. Experts primarily recommend strengthening the EU’s single market and supporting new technologies, while all European countries should increase productivity, which requires greater investment in critical infrastructure, innovative technologies, skills development and labor market efficiency. Оn the other hand, European companies should constantly take into account the global situation and dynamics and modernize their competition policy accordingly. Ukraine’s adoption of the best European experience of raising the competitiveness, taking into account the obtained conclusions, may be the subject of further research.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF LIABILITY FOR OFFENSES IN THE FINANCIAL SPHERE IN THE EU COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Dmytro Pryimachenko ◽  
Tetiana Minka ◽  
Volodymyr Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Study ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the legal principles for liability in the financial sphere in the EU and Ukraine and to define ways of domestic legislation improvement on this basis. The subject of the study is the experience of European countries in the state regulation of liability for financial offenses. Methodology. The study is based on a comparison of foreign experience in the legal regulation of liability for financial offenses on the example of European states with the status of the national tort law in this area. The use of general scientific and special scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge enabled to characterize the national experience of the legal regulation of legal liability for committing financial offenses by the coverage of the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, and the Tax Code of Ukraine, as well as its comparison with the experience of the legal regulation of liability for offenses in the financial sector on the example of France, Germany, Latvia, Spain, Sweden, Greece, and other EU countries. The results of the comparative legal study revealed that contrasting the EU member states, the national model of the legal regulation of liability for offenses in the financial sector is characterized by multi-levelness and varying degree of severity of punishment. Practical implications. It is proved that the mechanism of the legal regulation of liability for financial offenses in Ukraine is more improved than in European countries because of the legal provisions with a strict codification of financial offenses, their differentiation into administrative delicts and criminal offenses that enables to impose milder state sanctions on those acts that do not pose a significant social danger. Relevance/originality. A comparative legal study of the experience of the legal regulation of liability for financial offenses provides a better understanding of the prospects for the development of national administrative tort law in this area.

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