In search of a co-operation ecosystem for collaborative planning and co-governance

Contemporary urban planning with linear administrative processes, based on the ideals of predictability and control, have come to its end. Even public participatory planning has struggled to incorporate the input of engaged citizens to urban development and the co-governance of common resources. Self-organized actions of urban activist and mundane everyday life have not been sufficiently addressed in the participatory urban planning processes. However, local initiatives and even the temporary use of urban space have been seen as a contribution to urban development. The problem is that so far we do not have much knowledge about the co-operation ecosystem required for new approaches to urban planning, such as the Expanded urban planning. In this article, I examine two case studies, on the basis of which a co-operation ecosystem for Expanded urban planning is outlined. I argue that such an ecosystem for co-operation can significantly help cities integrate self-organized citizen initiatives to urban and community development. It might, however, also require planners to take a stronger role in enhancing a culture of participation.

Download Full-text

Re-Examine Conventional Concepts in Urban Design: The Conflict Between Urban Space Utilization and the Elements of Power and Control - Case of Hawkers within Amman, Jordan

10.52460/src.2021.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Dania Abdel-Aziz ◽

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Urban Space ◽

Point Of View ◽

Local Authorities ◽

Street Vendors ◽

Effective Utilization ◽

Power And Control ◽

Planning Processes ◽

Space Requirements ◽

And Control

Architecture and urbanism are disciplines based on knowledge of space. From this point of view, this research aims to study the challenges of dealing with hawkers (Street Vendors) in Jordan's urban centres generally by shedding light on downtown Amman. Although they succeed in acquiring and controlling space informally in Amman, hawkers have been ignored by local planners and even been harassed by local authorities for not being given space to operate their businesses. Rigid transformations should be carried in urban planning strategies in downtown Amman. Local policies need to be enforced to end this conflict and provide suitable conditions and capacities to read and respond to the hawkers' needs. They represent an integral part of the region's urban fabric. This study is based on reviewing related literature, field survey, and observations carried out for two months in the study area. In addition to several informal discussions held with the hawkers, pedestrians, merchants, and local authorities, questionnaires were used to clarify specific issues. The study suggests a few recommendations to help fulfil urban centres' effective utilization and harmonize formal activities and the hawkers in order to resolve this conflict. The study found that street hawkers are only considered troublemakers and have never been involved in decision-making when urban planning occurs. These will be an ongoing issue, not unless they are integrated into the planning processes. The study suggests different scenarios for proper allocation of hawking space can be done regarding accommodating them according to their space requirements worked out the basis of the products sold, as has been done in the present study. In short, this will help in providing suitable trading environments for the hawkers, creating a pedestrian-friendly neighbourhood, decreasing the unemployment rate, among other advantages.

Download Full-text

Dialectical Design Dialogues: Negotiating Ethics in Participatory Planning by Building a Critical Design Atlas

Urban Planning ◽

10.17645/up.v5i4.3294 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 238-251

Author(s):

Barbara Roosen ◽

Liesbeth Huybrechts ◽

Oswald Devisch ◽

Pieter Van den Broeck

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Planning Process ◽

Daily Life ◽

Participatory Planning ◽

Dialectical Approach ◽

Urban Transformations ◽

Planning Processes ◽

Everyday Reality ◽

The City

This article explores ‘dialectical design dialogues’ as an approach to engage with ethics in everyday urban planning contexts. It starts from Paulo Freire’s pedagogical view (1970/2017), in which dialogues imply the establishment of a horizontal relation between professionals and amateurs, in order to understand, question and imagine things in everyday reality, in this case, urban transformations, applied to participatory planning and enriched through David Harvey’s (2000, 2009) dialectical approach. A dialectical approach to design dialogues acknowledges and renegotiates contrasts and convergences of ethical concerns specific to the reality of concrete daily life, rather than artificially presenting daily life as made of consensus or homogeneity. The article analyses an atlas as a tool to facilitate dialectical design dialogues in a case study of a low-density residential neighbourhood in the city of Genk, Belgium. It sees the production of the atlas as a collective endeavour during which planners, authorities and citizens reflect on possible futures starting from a confrontation of competing uses and perspectives of neighbourhood spaces. The article contributes to the state-of-the-art in participatory urban planning in two ways: (1) by reframing the theoretical discussion on ethics by arguing that not only the verbal discourses around designerly atlas techniques but also the techniques themselves can support urban planners in dealing more consciously with ethics (accountability, morality and authorship) throughout urban planning processes, (2) by offering a concrete practice-based example of producing an atlas that supports the participatory articulation and negotiation of dialectical inquiry of ethics through dialogues in a ‘real-time’ urban planning process.

Download Full-text

THE ROLE OF INTERACTIVE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SPACE

URBAN CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE ◽

10.17673/vestnik.2011.03.17 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

A. A LYuBIMOVA

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Community Development ◽

Urban Space ◽

Information Society ◽

Urban Population ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Living Standards ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Practical Design

The author has investigated the usage of information terminology and has made the review of the practical design with the use of interactive information technology in modern and future urban planning. Such concepts as interactivity or grid-technologies aren't perceived separately from the art of architecture, so far as it concerns the creation of the urbanized space answering a technogenic level of community development. The existing examples of digital elements usage in urban planning raise the living standards of urban population. It supports the basic principles of sustainable development. Thus, the interactive urban space conception is current for the architecture of information society.

Download Full-text

New Lines of Thinking and Practicing Urban Planning and Community Development

Ethnologia Fennica ◽

10.23991/ef.v45i0.76836 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 123-126

Author(s):

Tiina-Riitta Lappi

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Community Development ◽

Urban Development ◽

Cultural Planning ◽

New Approach

Maunu Häyrynen & Antti Wallin (eds) 2017. Kulttuurisuunnittelu. Kaupunkikehittämisen uusi näkökulma. [Cultural planning. A new approach to urban development.] Tietolipas 258. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.

Download Full-text

All Work and No Play? Facilitating Serious Games and Gamified Applications in Participatory Urban Planning and Governance

Urban Planning ◽

10.17645/up.v3i1.1261 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 34-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Cristina Ampatzidou ◽

Katharina Gugerell ◽

Teodora Constantinescu ◽

Oswald Devisch ◽

Martina Jauschneg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Development Process ◽

Planning Process ◽

Resource Constraints ◽

Participatory Planning ◽

Current State ◽

Planning Processes ◽

Practice Gap ◽

Urban Issues ◽

Academic Debate

As games and gamified applications gain prominence in the academic debate on participatory practices, it is worth examining whether the application of such tools in the daily planning practice could be beneficial. This study identifies a research–practice gap in the current state of participatory urban planning practices in three European cities. Planners and policymakers acknowledge the benefits of employing such tools to illustrate complex urban issues, evoke social learning, and make participation more accessible. However, a series of impediments relating to planners’ inexperience with participatory methods, resource constraints, and sceptical adult audiences, limits the broader application of games and gamified applications within participatory urban planning practices. Games and gamified applications could become more widely employed within participatory planning processes when process facilitators become better educated and better able to judge the situations in which such tools could be implemented as part of the planning process, and if such applications are simple and useful, and if their development process is based on co-creation with the participating publics.

Download Full-text

Space, Power, and Mobility: Car Traffic as a Controversial Issue in Neighbourhood Regeneration

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a36111 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 733-748 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Trine Fotel

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Side Effects ◽

Urban Space ◽

Participatory Planning ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Car Traffic ◽

Planning Processes ◽

Neighbourhood Regeneration ◽

Power Geometry

Mobility, especially for car traffic, is a contested spatial phenomenon in contemporary cities. It contributes to processes of segregation and inequality, and the power-geometry of mobility is an integral part of the conflicting rationalities inherent in contemporary urban space wars. Internationally, Copenhagen is often seen as a successfully planned city. However, a case study of a participatory planning initiative in Copenhagen reveals inert and unequal power relations. It illustrates how residents experience their living conditions as being reduced by heavy car traffic, and how they oppose the multidimensional side effects caused by traffic overload. To increase the welfare of everyday life, urban policies thus ought to focus much more on the spatial distribution of mobility and the ways that mobility influences place-bound living conditions. Integrating bottom-up initiatives and participatory planning processes oriented towards empowerment could be a vital part of democratic urban planning.

Download Full-text

City, Nation, Network: Shifting Territorialities of Sovereignty and Urban Violence in Latin America

Urban Planning ◽

10.17645/up.v5i3.3095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 206-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diane Davis

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Urban Planning ◽

Urban Space ◽

Urban Violence ◽

Spatial Integration ◽

Spatial Form ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Planning And Control ◽

And Control ◽

The City

Cities across the global south are seeing unprecedented levels of violence that generate intense risks and vulnerability. Such problems are often experienced most viscerally among poorer residents, thus reinforcing longstanding socio-spatial conditions of exclusion, inequality, and reduced quality of life for those most exposed to urban violence. Frequently, these problems are understood through the lens of poverty, informality, and limited employment opportunities. Yet an undertheorized and equally significant factor in the rise of urban violence derives from the shifting territorialities of governance and power, which are both cause and consequence of ongoing struggles within and between citizens and state authorities over the planning and control of urban space. This article suggests that a relatively underexplored but revealing way to understand these dynamics, and how they drive violence, is through the lens of sovereignty. Drawing on examples primarily from Mexico, and other parts of urban Latin America, I suggest that problems of urban violence derive from fragmented sovereignty, a condition built upon the emergence of alternative, competing, and at times overlapping networks of territorial authority at the scale of the city, nation, and globe. In addition to theorizing the shifting spatial correlates of sovereignty among state and non-state armed actors, and showing how these dynamics interact with urbanization patterns to produce violence, I argue that the spatial form of the city both produces and is produced by changing political and economic relations embedded in urban planning principles. That is, urban planning practices must be seen as the cause, and not merely the solution, to problems of urban violence and its deleterious effects. Using these claims to dialogue with urban planners, this essay calls for new efforts to redesign cities and urban spaces with a focus on territorial connectivities and socio-spatial integration, so as to push back against the limits of fragmented sovereignty arrangements, minimize violence, and foster inclusion and justice.

Download Full-text

Planning from Failure: Transforming a Waterfront through Experimentation in a Placemaking Living Lab

Urban Planning ◽

10.17645/up.v6i1.3586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 221-234

Author(s):

Ramon Marrades ◽

Philippa Collin ◽

Michelle Catanzaro ◽

Eveline Mussi

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Urban Development ◽

Urban Governance ◽

Top Down ◽

Living Lab ◽

Planning Processes ◽

Definition Of ◽

Case Based ◽

Relational Process

This article assesses on what happens when planning by experiment becomes imperative for strategic city sites such as waterfronts due to the failure of other forms of centralised, top-down, or market-led planning. Through an in-depth case-based analysis of La Marina de València (LMdV) we investigate the potential of experimentation for revitalisation of city sites. To do this, we first review the literature on urban development approaches to identify specific issues that lead to urban planning failure. We then extend the scholarship on urban experimentation by proposing a definition of place-based experimentation as ‘relational process.’ Then, we explore how planning by experiment emerged as a response to planning failures in a broader strategy for revitalisation of LMdV. We propose key processes for planning by experiment through a Placemaking Living Lab based on perception, collaboration, and iteration, which we use to assess experimentation at LMdV. In the conclusion we discuss the potential of this approach to ‘planning by experiment’ to revitalise urban governance and planning processes in cities and their strategic sites.

Download Full-text

AN EVALUATION TO IDENTIFY THE BARRIERS TO THE FEASIBILITY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLANS: FIVE DECADES OF EXPERIENCE IN URBAN PLANNING IN IRAN

Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.4090/juee.2014.v8n1.038047 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 38-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki ◽

Aldrin Abdullah ◽

Azizi Bahauddin ◽

Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Urban Planning ◽

Urban Development ◽

Development Process ◽

Planning Process ◽

Theoretical Studies ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Development Plans ◽

Planning Processes ◽

Planning Approaches

The rapid urbanization in many developing countries has indicated several challenges in different aspects. This is due to inefficient urban planning approaches towards managing the development process. Similar to many other developing countries, Iran has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades. Although over the last few decades, urban planning processes have been applied to develop Iranian cities, urban planning has failed to tackle the challenges facing the cities. This paper seeks to identify the barriers that have prevented Iranian cities from achieving the goals of urban planning. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on the concept of urban planning and to assess the urban development plan process in Iranian cities. The required data were collected through a review of international theoretical studies, Iranian experimental research and governmental reports. The findings of this study reveal five major barriers to the feasibility of the urban planning process, including the urban plans context, structure of urban planning, related law and regulations, public participation, and financial resources.

Download Full-text

Planning and Knowledge

10.1332/policypress/9781447345244.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Urban Development ◽

International Perspective ◽

Sustainable Urban Development ◽

Conflict And Cooperation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Planning Processes ◽

And Control ◽

Changing Role ◽

Empirical Material

This book uses an international perspective and draws on a wide range of new conceptual and empirical material to examine the sources of conflict and cooperation within the different landscapes of knowledge that are driving contemporary urban change. Based on the premise that historically established systems of regulation and control are being subject to unprecedented pressures, the book critically reflects on the changing role of planning and governance in sustainable urban development, looking at how a shift in power relations between expert and local cultures in western planning processes has blurred the traditional boundaries between public, private, and voluntary sectors.

Download Full-text