Activity of biochemical biomarkers in grasshoppers Abracris flavolineata (De Geer, 1773) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Ommatolampidinae)

Biochemical biomarkers are commonly used in environmental monitoring programs due to their sensitivity to certain pollutants. From this perspective, their responses can be used as indicators of environmental quality. The present study aimed to determine the activity of the catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes in grasshoppers Abracris flavolineata (De Geer, 1773) from two forest remnant areas in Serra da Jiboia (BA) and compare them between males and females. The specimens were collected at two sites in Serra da Jiboia (Bahia, Brasil), named ‘Baixa de Areia’ and ‘Baixa Grande’. The animals were actively collected in the morning using a sweep net and a 2.5 h sampling effort. In total, 160 individuals were collected, with 80 individuals from each sampling site, 50 males and 30 females. After identification, an incision was made in the lateral region of the abdomen to remove the midgut, which was used to extract the CAT and GST enzymes. The results obtained demonstrated that CAT and GST activity did not vary significantly between sampling areas. However, with regard to sex, enzyme activity was significantly higher in males (p<0.005) in both locations. This is a pioneer study on the responses of CAT and GST activity in grasshoppers in Brazil.

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Acute toxicity of a deltamethrin based pesticide (DBP) to the Neotropical electric fish Microsternarchus cf. bilineatus (Gymnotiformes)

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201904001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 355-362

Author(s):

Valesca de Souza CHAVES ◽

Jaydione Luiz MARCON ◽

Wallice Paxiúba DUNCAN ◽

José Antônio ALVES-GOMES

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Nervous Tissue ◽

Ache Activity ◽

Electric Fish ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Biochemical Biomarkers ◽

Amazonian Fish ◽

Gst Activity

ABSTRACT Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in pest control in Brazilian agriculture. The intensive and disordered use of this pesticide in the Amazon region can drive it into aquatic ecosystems in several ways, but mainly by runoff and leaching. The present study was conceived to determine the acute toxicity (LC50) of a deltamethrin based pesticide (DBP) and to characterize its effects on two biochemical biomarkers, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), in tissues of the electric fish Microsternarchus cf. bilineatus. Fishes were exposed to concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 μg L-1 of DBP for up to 96 hours. For each treatment, the absolute activity of the enzymes GST (muscle and liver) and AChE (muscle and nervous tissue) were analyzed. The LC50-96 h for Microsternarchus cf. bilineatus was 2.15 μg L-1, the lowest concentration registered for an Amazonian fish species so far. None of the concentrations tested of this insecticide affected AChE activity for the exposure period tested. A significant increase in muscle GST activity was detected only for concentrations of 2 and 3 μg L-1.

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Chemoprotective Effects of Propolis on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Oxidative Damage and Hepatotoxicity by Modulating TP53, Oxidative Stress

Current Proteomics ◽

10.2174/1570164617666190925121720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 191-199

Author(s):

Seval Yilmaz ◽

Fatih Mehmet Kandemir ◽

Emre Kaya ◽

Mustafa Ozkaraca

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Tp53 Gene ◽

Control Group ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Cat Gene ◽

Gst Activity

Objective: This study aimed to detect hepatic oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as to examine how propolis protects against hepatotoxic effects of AFB1. Method: Rats were split into four groups as control group, AFB1 group, propolis group, AFB1+ propolis group. Results: There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and tumor suppressor protein (TP53) gene expression, Glutathione (GSH) level, Catalase (CAT) activity, CAT gene expression decreased in AFB1 group in blood. MDA level and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, GST and TP53 gene expressions increased in AFB1 group, whereas GSH level and CAT activity alongside CAT gene expression decreased in liver. AFB1+propolis group showed significant decrease in MDA level, GST activity, TP53 and GST gene expressions, GSH level and CAT activity and CAT gene expression increased in liver compared to AFB1 group. Conclusion: These results suggest that propolis may potentially be natural agent that prevents AFB1- induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.

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A Clinical Study to Correlate the Facial Form and Maxillary Central Incisor Tooth Form in Males and Females of Davangere Population

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1672063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

pp. 156-164

Author(s):

Deepak Bansal ◽

Shruti Sharma ◽

Manjit Kumar ◽

Amrit Khosla

Keyword(s):

Facial Appearance ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Incisor Tooth ◽

Maxillary Central Incisor ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

The Face ◽

Tooth Form ◽

Males And Females ◽

Selection Of ◽

Made In

AbstractAn altered facial appearance is more difficult to face, than problems related to ill-fitting denture or eating. The selection of maxillary anterior teeth for complete denture has long posed problem in clinical practice and a controversy about the best method to employ still exists. An attempt is made in the present study to clinically correlate the face form with maxillary central incisor tooth form in males and females of Davangere population. In 1914, Leon William's projected the “the form method” where he classified facial forms as square, tapering, and ovoid. Maxillary central incisors were selected according to the facial forms.Of total 100 subjects four different tooth forms and face forms were evaluated. They are: square, ovoid, square-tapered, tapered. No significant correlation existed between face form in male and females. Females exhibited greater correlation between face forms and inverted tooth form but that correlation is not sufficient to serve as a guide for selection of anterior teeth.

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Biochemical biomarkers in environmental studies—lessons learnt from enzymes catalase, glutathione S-transferase and cholinesterase in two crustacean species

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-009-0112-x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 571-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Anita Jemec ◽

Damjana Drobne ◽

Tatjana Tišler ◽

Kristina Sepčić

Keyword(s):

Environmental Studies ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Crustacean Species ◽

Biochemical Biomarkers ◽

Lessons Learnt

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Activities of detoxifying enzymes in adults of houseflies Musca domestica L. selected with chlorfenapyr

Biomics ◽

10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2020-43 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 492-503

Author(s):

E.A. Silivanova ◽

P.A. Shumilova ◽

M.A. Levchenko

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Musca Domestica ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Detoxifying Enzymes ◽

Resistance Development ◽

Phosphatase Activities ◽

Biochemical Mechanisms ◽

Males And Females

In insects, biochemical mechanisms of insecticide resistance base on increasing of activities of main detoxyfying enzymes – monooxygenases, nonspesific esterases, and glutathion-S-transferases. Currently, the progress of resistance development and the degree of contributing enzymes to resistance in insects have been studied for certain insecticides. The goal of this study was to assess activities of monooxygenase, carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and alkaline phosphatase in females and males housefly Musca domestica in the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth generations of the chlorfenapyr-selected strain. Evaluation of chlorfenapyr susceptibility showed that adults M. domestica in tenth generations was tolerating to chlorfenapyr as the resistance ration value was 3.6. In certain generations of chlorfenapyr-selected strain M. domestica, monooxygenase activities in males and females were 1.4-2.1 times more, and alkaline phosphatase activities in females were 2.3-2.7 times more than that in control insects. Glutathione-S-transferase activities had no significant differences in adults M. domestica of control and chlorfenapyr-selected strains. For chlorfenapyr-selected strain M. domestica, activities of monooxygenase, carboxylesterase, and alkaline phosphatase differed in males and females of same generations that suggests that mode and pattern of resistance development might be sex-specific in this specie.

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Improved herbicide selectivity in tomato by safening action of benoxacor and fenclorim

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 647-651

Author(s):

Edicarlos Castro ◽

Carolina Pucci ◽

Stefano Duarte ◽

Nilda Roma Burgos ◽

Te Ming Tseng

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Visible Injury ◽

Factor B ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Alternative Weed Control ◽

Biomass Reduction ◽

Gst Activity

AbstractSafeners have been widely used to reduce phytotoxicity to crops, thus serving as an alternative weed control strategy. Benoxacor and fenclorim safeners have the potential to protect plants from herbicide phytotoxicity by increasing glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity within the plant. The study aimed to evaluate the safening effect of benoxacor and fenclorim on tomato against selected herbicides applied POST. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized designed with four replications in a 9 × 3 factorial scheme, where Factor A consisted of eight herbicides including a nontreated control, and Factor B consisted of two safeners including a nontreated control. The herbicide treatments were sulfentrazone (0.220 kg ai ha−1), fomesafen (0.280 kg ai ha−1), flumioxazin (0.070 kg ai ha−1), linuron (1.200 kg ai ha−1), metribuzin (0.840 kg ai ha−1), pyroxasulfone (0.220 kg ai ha−1), and bicyclopyrone (0.040 kg ai ha−1). Safener treatments consisted of benoxacor (0.67 g L−1) and fenclorim (10 µM). Tomato seeds were immersed in safener solution before sowing and herbicides were applied when tomato plants were at the 3-leaf stage, or 25 days after sowing. Visible injury was scored at 3, 7, 14, and 21 d after application (DAA), and shoot biomass was recorded 21 DAA. Seed treatment with fenclorim reduced injury caused by imazamox and bicyclopyrone by 5.5 and 1.3 times, respectively, whereas benoxacor reduced the injury from bicyclopyrone 1.3 times. In addition, tomato plants pretreated with fenclorim showed a lesser reduction in biomass after application of imazamox, fomesafen, and metribuzin, whereas plants pretreated with benoxacor showed lesser biomass reduction after metribuzin application. Thus, the use of safeners promotes greater crop selectivity, allowing the application of herbicides with different mechanisms of action on the crop.

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Testing capturing methods for the Yellow-legged Tinamou Crypturellus noctivagus (Wied, 1820) (Aves, Tinamidae) in southern Brazil

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia ◽

10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.07 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Luiz Liberato Costa Corrêa ◽

Maria Virginia Petry

Keyword(s):

Forest Floor ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Forest Bird ◽

Forest Remnant

Specific and efficient methods for capturing tinamous are scarce in the scientific literature. Here we tested the effectivity of two methods for capturing the Yellow-legged Tinamou Crypturellus noctivagus (Tinamidae): a bell-trap adapted with a nylon cast net and a type of fall-trap. In a forest remnant in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, we applied 120 hours of sampling effort using the traps, resulting in the capture of six individuals (two females and four males). These capture methods are an efficient tools and useful for forest tinamous studies, although it can be also used for capturing other forest bird which use the forest floor.

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Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity assay for copepod samples v2 (protocols.io.miuc4ew)

protocols.io ◽

10.17504/protocols.io.miuc4ew ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kristiina A ◽

Mirella Kanerva

Keyword(s):

Activity Assay ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Gst Activity

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The Function of Chloroplast GST of Puccinellia Tenuiflora Seedling Leaves in Resistance to Na2CO3 Stress

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.712 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 343-344 ◽

pp. 712-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Guo Rong Sun ◽

Xue Li Wu ◽

Gang Chen ◽

Jian Bo Wang ◽

Wen Zhong Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Potential ◽

Culture Solution ◽

Nonlinear Relationship ◽

Stress Range ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Electric Conductance ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Puccinellia Tenuiflora ◽

Change Tendency ◽

Gst Activity

In order to probe into orderliness changes of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) of chloroplast ofPuccinellia tenuifloraseedlings under Na2CO3stress and its function in resistance to Na2CO3stress, relative electric conductance, GST activity and the O2-.produce rate of the chloroplast, and the osmotic potential of leaves, and the osmotic potential of culture solution ofP. tenuifloraseedlings under different Na2CO3stress were concerned. The result shows that in the Na2CO3stress range of 0～0.4%, along with the increase of its intensity under different Na2CO3stress intensity, GST activity of the chloroplast of seedling leaves ofP. tenuiflorais strengthened and GST activity is rapidly weakened with the increase of the intensity of Na2CO3stress more than 0.4%. The change of GST activity of the chloroplast along with the osmotic potential of culture solution and seedling leaves, relative electric conductance of the seedling leaves as well as the O2-.produce rate have the similar change tendency. There is significant nonlinear relationship among GST activity of chloroplast, osmotic potential of the seedling leaves and Na2CO3concentration ofculture solution, and among GST activity of chloroplast, O2-.produce rate and osmotic potential of seedling leaves, and among GST activity of chloroplast, osmotic potential of culture solution and that of seedling leaves, and among GST activity, the O2-.produce rate of chloroplast and relative electric conductance of the seedling leaves. These indicate that GST of chloroplast plays an important role in the process of seedlings ofP. tenuiflorain resistance to the low intensity of Na2CO3stress.

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