Improved herbicide selectivity in tomato by safening action of benoxacor and fenclorim

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-651
Author(s):  
Edicarlos Castro ◽  
Carolina Pucci ◽  
Stefano Duarte ◽  
Nilda Roma Burgos ◽  
Te Ming Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Alternative Weed Control ◽  
Biomass Reduction ◽  
Gst Activity

AbstractSafeners have been widely used to reduce phytotoxicity to crops, thus serving as an alternative weed control strategy. Benoxacor and fenclorim safeners have the potential to protect plants from herbicide phytotoxicity by increasing glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity within the plant. The study aimed to evaluate the safening effect of benoxacor and fenclorim on tomato against selected herbicides applied POST. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized designed with four replications in a 9 × 3 factorial scheme, where Factor A consisted of eight herbicides including a nontreated control, and Factor B consisted of two safeners including a nontreated control. The herbicide treatments were sulfentrazone (0.220 kg ai ha−1), fomesafen (0.280 kg ai ha−1), flumioxazin (0.070 kg ai ha−1), linuron (1.200 kg ai ha−1), metribuzin (0.840 kg ai ha−1), pyroxasulfone (0.220 kg ai ha−1), and bicyclopyrone (0.040 kg ai ha−1). Safener treatments consisted of benoxacor (0.67 g L−1) and fenclorim (10 µM). Tomato seeds were immersed in safener solution before sowing and herbicides were applied when tomato plants were at the 3-leaf stage, or 25 days after sowing. Visible injury was scored at 3, 7, 14, and 21 d after application (DAA), and shoot biomass was recorded 21 DAA. Seed treatment with fenclorim reduced injury caused by imazamox and bicyclopyrone by 5.5 and 1.3 times, respectively, whereas benoxacor reduced the injury from bicyclopyrone 1.3 times. In addition, tomato plants pretreated with fenclorim showed a lesser reduction in biomass after application of imazamox, fomesafen, and metribuzin, whereas plants pretreated with benoxacor showed lesser biomass reduction after metribuzin application. Thus, the use of safeners promotes greater crop selectivity, allowing the application of herbicides with different mechanisms of action on the crop.

Chemoprotective Effects of Propolis on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Oxidative Damage and Hepatotoxicity by Modulating TP53, Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Seval Yilmaz ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Kandemir ◽  
Emre Kaya ◽  
Mustafa Ozkaraca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cat Gene ◽  
Gst Activity

Objective: This study aimed to detect hepatic oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as to examine how propolis protects against hepatotoxic effects of AFB1. Method: Rats were split into four groups as control group, AFB1 group, propolis group, AFB1+ propolis group. Results: There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and tumor suppressor protein (TP53) gene expression, Glutathione (GSH) level, Catalase (CAT) activity, CAT gene expression decreased in AFB1 group in blood. MDA level and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, GST and TP53 gene expressions increased in AFB1 group, whereas GSH level and CAT activity alongside CAT gene expression decreased in liver. AFB1+propolis group showed significant decrease in MDA level, GST activity, TP53 and GST gene expressions, GSH level and CAT activity and CAT gene expression increased in liver compared to AFB1 group. Conclusion: These results suggest that propolis may potentially be natural agent that prevents AFB1- induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.

Tomato Root Uptake of Carfentrazone

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline M. Crespo ◽  
Andrew W. MacRae ◽  
Cristiane Alves ◽  
Tyler P. Jacoby ◽  
Rick O. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Herbicide Alternatives

Fresh market tomato is an important and valuable crop in Florida, accounting for 630 million dollars farm-gate value, which was 45% of the total value of the U.S. crop in 2010. In order to maintain or increase its productivity, labeled herbicide alternatives to methyl bromide are important to limiting seed production of weeds emerging between the raised plasticulture beds. A study was conducted inside a greenhouse where carfentrazone was applied as a drench at 0.03125×, 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, and 8× and as a subsurface irrigation at 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, 8×, and 16× rates. The 1× rate equaled the maximum labeled rate of carfentrazone (35.1 g ai ha−1) that would be applied to an area of 0.360 m2. Both the drench and subsurface trials showed an increase in plant injury and reduced growth as the rate of carfentrazone increased. The drench trial, however, was observed to have higher visible injury and greater growth reduction (based on plant measurement) than the subsurface trial, when comparing similar rates. For the 1× rate of carfentrazone in the drench trial vs. the subsurface trial, injury was 66 and 24.5%, respectively. For the 1× rate the tomato plants had estimated growth, based on the curves fit for the data, of 4.8% vs. 39.9% for the drench and subsurface trials, respectively. The subsurface trial better represents what happens in the field when carfentrazone root uptake injury is observed since it is normally observed to be around 10% or less. This still leaves a level of concern; once a 10% injury level in the subsurface trial was estimated to have reduced tomato growth, fruit weight, and total shoot dry weight by 33, 15, and 9.5%, respectively.

The Function of Chloroplast GST of Puccinellia Tenuiflora Seedling Leaves in Resistance to Na2CO3 Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 712-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Rong Sun ◽  
Xue Li Wu ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Jian Bo Wang ◽  
Wen Zhong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Nonlinear Relationship ◽  
Stress Range ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Electric Conductance ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Puccinellia Tenuiflora ◽  
Change Tendency ◽  
Gst Activity

In order to probe into orderliness changes of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) of chloroplast ofPuccinellia tenuifloraseedlings under Na2CO3stress and its function in resistance to Na2CO3stress, relative electric conductance, GST activity and the O2-.produce rate of the chloroplast, and the osmotic potential of leaves, and the osmotic potential of culture solution ofP. tenuifloraseedlings under different Na2CO3stress were concerned. The result shows that in the Na2CO3stress range of 0～0.4%, along with the increase of its intensity under different Na2CO3stress intensity, GST activity of the chloroplast of seedling leaves ofP. tenuiflorais strengthened and GST activity is rapidly weakened with the increase of the intensity of Na2CO3stress more than 0.4%. The change of GST activity of the chloroplast along with the osmotic potential of culture solution and seedling leaves, relative electric conductance of the seedling leaves as well as the O2-.produce rate have the similar change tendency. There is significant nonlinear relationship among GST activity of chloroplast, osmotic potential of the seedling leaves and Na2CO3concentration ofculture solution, and among GST activity of chloroplast, O2-.produce rate and osmotic potential of seedling leaves, and among GST activity of chloroplast, osmotic potential of culture solution and that of seedling leaves, and among GST activity, the O2-.produce rate of chloroplast and relative electric conductance of the seedling leaves. These indicate that GST of chloroplast plays an important role in the process of seedlings ofP. tenuiflorain resistance to the low intensity of Na2CO3stress.

Oesophagostomum dentatum: Effect of glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors on GST activity and larval development

2011 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Joachim ◽  
Esther Lautscham ◽  
Jana Christoffers ◽  
Bärbel Ruttkowski
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Gst Activity

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of two anaesthetic protocols on oxidative status and DNA damage in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) undergoing endoscopic coeliotomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Došenović ◽  
Milena Radaković ◽  
Miloš Vučićević ◽  
Branislav Vejnović ◽  
Maja Vasiljević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Dna Damages ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Gst Activity

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess how red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) respond to anaesthesia itself and coelioscopy. For that purpose, the turtles were anaesthetised with ketamine–medetomidine or propofol, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by spectrophotometry. The possible genotoxic effects of the anaesthetic agents were estimated by comet assay. A total of 24 turtles were included in this study. The animals were divided into four groups according to the anaesthetic protocol and according to whether endoscopy would be performed. Significantly decreased activities of CAT were found only in the propofol group and in turtles undergoing coelioscopy. Both anaesthetic protocols induced significantly increased MDA levels, while no differences were observed after the intervention. A significant increase in GST activity was detected in turtles after both anaesthetic protocols, but after coelioscopy significant changes in GST activity were found only in the propofol group. However, no differences in SOD activity and no DNA damages were detected in either group. These findings suggest that ketamine–medetomidine may be more suitable anaesthetic agents in red-eared sliders than propofol.

scholarly journals Toxicity of naphthalene in the Neotropical Fish Astyanax Lacustris (Characiformes: Characidae) and Geophagus Brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geonildo Rodrigo Disner ◽  
Sabrina Louise Moraes Calado ◽  
Helena Cristina Silva Assis ◽  
Marta Margarete Cestari
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Geophagus Brasiliensis ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Gst Activity

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the most important organic pollutants in environmental studies. The aim of this study was to assess the naphthalene acute toxicity in two fish species, Astyanax lacustris (LLcust, 1875) and Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). The fish were exposed to naphthalene (0.005, 0.03, 0.3, and 3 mgL-1) in water and after that the piscine micronucleus test in erythrocytes, comet assay in blood, liver and gill cells, glutathione S–transferase (GST) activity in the liver, and accumulation of naphthalene in the bile were performed. The susceptibility of the two species was similar and naphthalene was not genotoxic in all tested tissues. The liver GST activity may have been responsible for less damage observed in the liver while the highest DNA damage occurred in blood cells. However, low concentrations of naphthalene in water can stimulate apparent benefits, such as less DNA damage, which would be a compensatory response to an imbalance of homeostasis. The naphthalene is absorbed and can accumulate in the gall bladder, a greater accumulation of PAH was observed in A. lacustris, while G. brasiliensis did not differ from the control. The naphthalene concentrations are not genotoxic to the tested species, although they can potentially accumulate into the body.Keywords: Comet assay. Ecotoxicology. Fish. Genotoxicity. Hormesis.

scholarly journals Bacterial Formulations in Induction of Resistance and Growth Promotion of Tomato Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
José R. M. Campos Neto ◽  
Rafael Ribeiro Chaves ◽  
Diogo Herison Silva Sardinha ◽  
Luiz Gustavo de Lima Melo ◽  
Antônia Alice Costa Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Induction Of Resistance

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of seed treatment with fresh suspensions and powder formulations with Bacillus methylotrophicus to promote plant growth and induction of resistance against fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions, verifying the occurrence of morphological and biochemical changes in the evaluated plants. Powder formulations based on Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) and sodium alginate containing Bacillus, in addition to the commercial product Quartz®, were used to microbiolize the tomato seeds of the cultivar Santa Cruz. The formulations promoted plant growth, with a seedling vigor index greater than 50% for all treatments containing B. mthylotrophicus, in addition to a significant increase in total dry matter. The treatments induced systemic resistance, controlling the fusarium wilt with a 75% reduction of the disease and activation of enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase, only β-1,3-glucanase presented less activity than controls (treatments without B. mthylotrophicus). Thus, the use of formulations containing Bacillus are efficient in promoting plant growth of tomato plants and in inducing resistance to the control of fusarium wilt.

scholarly journals Farklı Su Sıcaklıklarında Tutulan Pullu Sazan (Cyprinus carpio)’da Çörek Otu (Nigella sativa) Yağının Oksidatif Stres ve Bazı Antioksidan Parametrelere Etkisi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Serpil Mişe Yonar
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Gst Activity

In this study, it was investigated the effect of black cumin oil on malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) held at different water temperatures. Black cumin oil (10 mg/kg feed) were administered to the fish maintained at 20, 24 and 28°C. The fish maintained at 24°C were selected as control group. Treatment was continued for 10 days, and at the end of this period, liver and kidney samples were obtained from fish. The MDA level of fish at 20 and 28°C was significantly increased, while the GSH level and GST activity were significantly decreased. The MDA level was significantly decreased, while the GST activity and the GSH level were significantly increased with black cumin oil administration to these groups. According to the data obtained, black cumin oil may be used as an antioxidant against the stress caused by temperature differences in fish.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of a deltamethrin based pesticide (DBP) to the Neotropical electric fish Microsternarchus cf. bilineatus (Gymnotiformes)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Valesca de Souza CHAVES ◽  
Jaydione Luiz MARCON ◽  
Wallice Paxiúba DUNCAN ◽  
José Antônio ALVES-GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Biomarkers ◽  
Amazonian Fish ◽  
Gst Activity

ABSTRACT Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in pest control in Brazilian agriculture. The intensive and disordered use of this pesticide in the Amazon region can drive it into aquatic ecosystems in several ways, but mainly by runoff and leaching. The present study was conceived to determine the acute toxicity (LC50) of a deltamethrin based pesticide (DBP) and to characterize its effects on two biochemical biomarkers, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), in tissues of the electric fish Microsternarchus cf. bilineatus. Fishes were exposed to concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 μg L-1 of DBP for up to 96 hours. For each treatment, the absolute activity of the enzymes GST (muscle and liver) and AChE (muscle and nervous tissue) were analyzed. The LC50-96 h for Microsternarchus cf. bilineatus was 2.15 μg L-1, the lowest concentration registered for an Amazonian fish species so far. None of the concentrations tested of this insecticide affected AChE activity for the exposure period tested. A significant increase in muscle GST activity was detected only for concentrations of 2 and 3 μg L-1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document