scholarly journals Use of the Glomus etunicatum as biocontrol agent of the soybean cyst nematode

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e7310615132
Author(s):  
Tatiana Benedetti ◽  
Zaida Inês Antoniolli ◽  
Elisangela Sordi ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Glomus Etunicatum ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Disease Pressure

This study investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd.), on the cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), in a greenhouse. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal soybean plants were exposed to the pathogen at different initial population densities (0, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 nematodes eggs). Soybean growth, nematode reproduction, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus’s capacity to decrease disease pressure were determined after 60 day-olds. The height of the plants was increased by 26% in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) despite of a higher initial population of cyst nematodes. The root length was, on average, 32.20% was greater in the presence of AMF. The number of nematodes females found in the root system of mycorrhizal plants was 28.21% lower than in non-mycorrhizal roots. These results suggest that AMF G. etunicatum acts indirectly, promoting an improvement in the nutritional plant status creating tolerance to the presence of the pathogen by soybean.

Occurrence of the White Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera sojae, and the Soybean Cyst Nematode, H. glycines, in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heonil Kang ◽  
Hyoungrai Ko ◽  
Donggeun Kim ◽  
Insoo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines, SCN) is the most harmful pathogen of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) worldwide. In 2016, a new soybean-parasitic cyst nematode, Heterodera sojae (the white soybean cyst nematode) was found parasitizing the roots of soybean plants in Korea. To investigate the distribution and population density of H. sojae, 943 soil samples were collected from soybean fields in all nine provinces in Korea in 2017 to 2018. Cyst nematodes were detected in 343 samples (36.4%) from eight of the nine provinces, except the island of Jeju province. Among the 343 samples, H. glycines was found in 227 samples (66.2%), H. sojae in 95 samples (27.7%), and 21 samples (6.1%) were infested with both H. sojae and H. glycines. Wide distribution of H. sojae in soybean fields indicates that H. sojae is an important cyst nematode species parasitizing soybean together with H. glycines.

scholarly journals Using Tannery Sludge to Manage Soybean Cyst Nematodes in Soybean Crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Jéssica Rodrgues de Mello ◽  
Janaina Alves de Almeida Moreira ◽  
Guilherme Malafaia ◽  
Fernando Godinho de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Tannery Sludge ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Penetration

Soybean crop (Glicyne max) is host to a range of pathogens, among them phytonematoids, with emphasis on the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), which has recently caused great damages to the crop and compromised its productivity. Alternatives to the management of diseases, caused by phytonematoids, that are effective and less harmful to the environment, are increasingly being sought. Thus, the incorporation of organic compounds into the soil, such as tannery sludge (bovine chain by-product), presents great potential in the management of soil-borne pathogens, as well as reducing environmental impacts caused by the release into the environment. Thus, the aim of present study had as objective to evaluate the effect of different tannery sludge doses on the management of H. glycines in greenhouse. The study used a nematode-susceptible cultivar (BRS Valiosa RR) and followed a completely randomized experimental design, with 5 repetitions. The nematode penetration in the roots was assessed 10 days after inoculation (DAI), whereas the fresh root mass, the number of females per root gram, and the number of eggs per female were assessed 30 DAI. The tannery sludge is efficient in the management of H. glycines in nematode-susceptible soybean cultivars, reducing the number of females per gram of root, the number of juveniles of the second stage (J2) of the nematoid per root system and promoting increases in fresh mass of the roots. However, more studies are needed to understand the dynamics of the nematode reduction in the presence of the organic compound, since nematode reproduction was not affected by the presence of tannery sludge.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Foliar Insecticides and Soybean Cyst Nematode Bioassays

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad R. Brady ◽  
Jiarui Li ◽  
Timothy C. Todd ◽  
Thomas R. Oakley ◽  
Harold N. Trick
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Independent Trials ◽  
Target Effects

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar-applied insecticides on soybean cyst nematode reproduction in greenhouse bioassays. In two independent trials, a total of eight different insecticides were evaluated for their non-target effects on soybean cyst nematodes. Accepted for publication 20 January 2012. Published 9 April 2012.

scholarly journals The genome of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) reveals complex patterns of duplications involved in the evolution of parasitism genes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Masonbrink ◽  
Tom R. Maier ◽  
Usha Muppiral ◽  
Arun S. Seetharam ◽  
Etienne Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Parasitism Genes ◽  
Nematode Genomes

AbstractHeterodera glycines, commonly referred to as the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is an obligatory and sedentary plant parasite that causes over a billion-dollar yield loss to soybean production annually. Although there are genetic determinants that render soybean plants resistant to certain nematode genotypes, resistant soybean cultivars are increasingly ineffective because their multi-year usage has selected for virulentH. glycinespopulations. The parasitic success ofH. glycinesrelies on the comprehensive re-engineering of an infection site into a syncytium, as well as the long-term suppression of host defense to ensure syncytial viability. At the forefront of these complex molecular interactions are effectors, the proteins secreted byH. glycinesinto host root tissues. The mechanisms of effector acquisition, diversification, and selection need to be understood before effective control strategies can be developed, but the lack of an annotated genome has been a major roadblock. Here, we use PacBio long-read technology to assemble aH. glycinesgenome of 738 contigs into 123Mb with annotations for 29,769 genes. The genome contains significant numbers of repeats (34%), tandem duplicates (18.7Mb), and horizontal gene transfer events (151 genes). Using previously published effector sequences, the newly generatedH. glycinesgenome, and comparisons to other nematode genomes, we investigate the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for the emergence and diversification of effector genes.

Effects of Cover Crops on Population Reduction of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines)

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Acharya ◽  
Guiping Yan ◽  
Addison Plaisance
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Initial Population Density ◽  
Population Reduction

Microplot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of cover crops on population reduction of a major soybean pest, soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) in 2016 and 2017. Ten crop species, including annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L. subsp. arvense), carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun), faba bean (Vicia faba Roth), foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L) P. Beauvois], daikon radish (Raphanus sativus L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis L.), turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa L.), and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) were planted along with susceptible soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. Barnes] in soil naturally infested with each of two SCN populations (SCN103 and SCN2W) from two North Dakota soybean fields. Crops were grown in large plastic pots for 75 days in an outdoor environment (Microplot). Soil samples were collected from each pot for nematode extraction and SCN eggs were counted to determine the final SCN egg density. The population reduction was determined for each crop, and non-planted natural soil (fallow). All the tested crops and non-planted natural soil had significantly (P < 0.0001) lower final population densities compared to susceptible soybean (Barnes). Also, a significant difference (P < 0.0001) was observed between the SCN population suppressions caused by cover crops versus the fallow treatment. All cover crops except Austrian winter pea, carinata, faba bean, and foxtail millet had consistently lower SCN egg numbers than in fallow in both years of the experiments. The average population reductions of SCN by the cover crops ranged from 44 to 67% in comparison with the initial population density, while the fallow had natural reductions from 4 to 24%. Annual ryegrass and daikon radish reduced SCN egg numbers to a greater extent than the other cover crops, with an average of 65 and 67% reduction of initial population density, respectively from two years. The results suggested that cover crops reduced the SCN populations in external microplot conditions, and their use has great potential for improving SCN management in infested fields.

scholarly journals Marker-assisted selection strategies for developing resistant soybean plants to cyst nematode

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Abreu Santana ◽  
Martha Freire da Silva ◽  
Julierme Kellen Freitas Guimarães ◽  
Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Waldir Dias Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Resistance Trait ◽  
Scn Resistance ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Selection Of

Resistant lines can be identified by marker-assisted selection(MAS), based on alleles of genetic markers linked to the resistance trait. This reduces the number of phenotypically evaluated lines, one of the limitations in the development of cultivars with resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN).This study evaluated the efficiency of microsatellites near quantitative traitloci (QTL) for SCN resistance, in the linkage groups (LG) G and A2 of soybean, for the selection of resistant genotypes in populations originated from crosses between the cultivars Vmax and CD201. The QTL of LG A2 was not detected in 'Vmax' (derived from PI 88788). In MAS, the microsatellites of LG G were efficient in selecting F6:7 families with resistance and moderate resistance to SCN race 3. The selection efficiency of the microsatellites Sat_168, Satt309 and Sat_141 was greater than 93%.

scholarly journals Response of Heterodera glycines and Soybean Cultivar to Tillage and Row Spacing

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Chen ◽  
W. C. Stienstra ◽  
W. E. Lueschen ◽  
T. R. Hoverstad
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Resistant Cultivars

Heterodera glycines, commonly known as the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), has become a major factor in soybean production in the Midwest United States. The influence of five tillage treatments and two treatments of row spacing on SCN population dynamics and yield of SCN-resistant and -susceptible soybean cultivars was investigated in a corn-soybean rotation system in southern Minnesota from 1993 to 1996. No effects of tillage and row spacing were observed on nematode population density. As expected, the susceptible cultivar Sturdy consistently supported higher nematode densities than did the resistant cultivar Bell in 1993 to 1995 and Freeborn in 1996. Nematode reproduction varied among years. Predicted nematode density at equilibrium was 3,800, 13,000, 12,000, and 27,000 eggs per 100 cm3 of soil in plots with the susceptible cultivar and 480, 240, 430, and 700 eggs per 100 cm3 of soil in plots with the resistant cultivars in 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively. The effects of tillage and row spacing on soybean yield were inconsistent. The resistant cultivars yielded 653, 195, and 435 kg/ha more (P < 0.05) than the susceptible cultivar in 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively, but no yield difference between susceptible and resistant cultivars was observed in 1993. Planting resistant cv. Bell increased the yield of the following susceptible cv. Sturdy compared with continual planting of the susceptible cultivar. A sequence with continued resistant cultivar or cultivars, however, produced a higher overall yield and lower nematode density at the end of the 4-year rotation cycle than any sequence in which the susceptible cultivar was included. Yield of resistant and susceptible cultivars was negatively related to the SCN initial population density.

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