scholarly journals Compatibility of Foliar Insecticides and Soybean Cyst Nematode Bioassays

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad R. Brady ◽  
Jiarui Li ◽  
Timothy C. Todd ◽  
Thomas R. Oakley ◽  
Harold N. Trick
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Independent Trials ◽  
Target Effects

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar-applied insecticides on soybean cyst nematode reproduction in greenhouse bioassays. In two independent trials, a total of eight different insecticides were evaluated for their non-target effects on soybean cyst nematodes. Accepted for publication 20 January 2012. Published 9 April 2012.

scholarly journals Using Tannery Sludge to Manage Soybean Cyst Nematodes in Soybean Crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Jéssica Rodrgues de Mello ◽  
Janaina Alves de Almeida Moreira ◽  
Guilherme Malafaia ◽  
Fernando Godinho de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Tannery Sludge ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Penetration

Soybean crop (Glicyne max) is host to a range of pathogens, among them phytonematoids, with emphasis on the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), which has recently caused great damages to the crop and compromised its productivity. Alternatives to the management of diseases, caused by phytonematoids, that are effective and less harmful to the environment, are increasingly being sought. Thus, the incorporation of organic compounds into the soil, such as tannery sludge (bovine chain by-product), presents great potential in the management of soil-borne pathogens, as well as reducing environmental impacts caused by the release into the environment. Thus, the aim of present study had as objective to evaluate the effect of different tannery sludge doses on the management of H. glycines in greenhouse. The study used a nematode-susceptible cultivar (BRS Valiosa RR) and followed a completely randomized experimental design, with 5 repetitions. The nematode penetration in the roots was assessed 10 days after inoculation (DAI), whereas the fresh root mass, the number of females per root gram, and the number of eggs per female were assessed 30 DAI. The tannery sludge is efficient in the management of H. glycines in nematode-susceptible soybean cultivars, reducing the number of females per gram of root, the number of juveniles of the second stage (J2) of the nematoid per root system and promoting increases in fresh mass of the roots. However, more studies are needed to understand the dynamics of the nematode reduction in the presence of the organic compound, since nematode reproduction was not affected by the presence of tannery sludge.

Response of soybean cyst nematodes and soybeans (Glycine max) to herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Levene ◽  
Micheal D.K. Owen ◽  
Gregory L. Tylka
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematodes

The effect of herbicides applied to V3 soybeans on race 3 soybean cyst nematode (SCN) reproduction and glyceollin production in roots was measured. Soybeans were treated postemergence with 1 × and 2 × rates of herbicides plus adjuvants or with adjuvants alone, and SCN development was measured. Acifluorfen, bentazon, lactofen, crop oil concentrate (COC), and nonionic surfactant (NIS) applications reduced SCN egg population densities 50 to 60% compared with the untreated control 4 and 8 wk after application. The SCN reproduction on plants treated with fluazifop-P, sethoxydim, and imazethapyr was similar to the untreated control. Crop oil concentrate or NIS applications alone were as effective as acifluorfen, bentazon, or lactofen applications for reducing SCN reproduction. However, no additive effect of adjuvant-herbicide combinations was observed, nor did herbicide rate affect SCN reproduction. Treatments reduced SCN reproduction only when applied to soybeans and had no effect on SCN reproduction when applied directly to the soil. No treatment stimulated SCN reproduction relative to the untreated control. Soybeans treated with COC, NIS, acifluorfen, and bentazon also had more glyceollin detected than the untreated control. Herbicide-induced glyceollin production may have increased the resistance of soybean to SCN.

scholarly journals Use of the Glomus etunicatum as biocontrol agent of the soybean cyst nematode

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e7310615132
Author(s):  
Tatiana Benedetti ◽  
Zaida Inês Antoniolli ◽  
Elisangela Sordi ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Glomus Etunicatum ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Disease Pressure

This study investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd.), on the cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), in a greenhouse. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal soybean plants were exposed to the pathogen at different initial population densities (0, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 nematodes eggs). Soybean growth, nematode reproduction, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus’s capacity to decrease disease pressure were determined after 60 day-olds. The height of the plants was increased by 26% in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) despite of a higher initial population of cyst nematodes. The root length was, on average, 32.20% was greater in the presence of AMF. The number of nematodes females found in the root system of mycorrhizal plants was 28.21% lower than in non-mycorrhizal roots. These results suggest that AMF G. etunicatum acts indirectly, promoting an improvement in the nutritional plant status creating tolerance to the presence of the pathogen by soybean.

scholarly journals Combining targeted metabolite analyses and transcriptomics to reveal the specific chemical composition and associated genes in the incompatible soybean variety PI437654 infected with soybean cyst nematode HG1.2.3.5.7

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Shi ◽  
Qiansi Chen ◽  
Shiming Liu ◽  
Jiajun Wang ◽  
Deliang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematodes

Abstract Background Soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is one of the most devastating pathogens of soybean and causes severe annual yield losses worldwide. Different soybean varieties exhibit different responses to H. glycines infection at various levels, such as the genomic, transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic levels. However, there have not yet been any reports of the differential responses of incompatible and compatible soybean varieties infected with H. glycines based on combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Results In this study, the incompatible soybean variety PI437654 and three compatible soybean varieties, Williams 82, Zhonghuang 13 and Hefeng 47, were used to clarify the differences in metabolites and transcriptomics before and after the infection with HG1.2.3.5.7. A local metabolite-calibrated database was used to identify potentially differential metabolites, and the differences in metabolites and metabolic pathways were compared between the incompatible and compatible soybean varieties after inoculation with HG1.2.3.5.7. In total, 37 differential metabolites and 20 KEGG metabolic pathways were identified, which were divided into three categories: metabolites/pathways overlapped in the incompatible and compatible soybeans, and metabolites/pathways specific to either the incompatible or compatible soybean varieties. Twelve differential metabolites were found to be involved in predicted KEGG metabolite pathways. Moreover, 14 specific differential metabolites (such as significantly up-regulated nicotine and down-regulated D-aspartic acid) and their associated KEGG pathways (such as the tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and arginine biosynthesis) were significantly altered and abundantly enriched in the incompatible soybean variety PI437654, and likely played pivotal roles in defending against HG1.2.3.5.7 infection. Three key metabolites (N-acetyltranexamic acid, nicotine and D,L-tryptophan) found to be significantly up-regulated in the incompatible soybean variety PI437654 infected by HG1.2.3.5.7 were classified into two types and used for combined analyses with the transcriptomic expression profiling. Associated genes were predicted, along with the likely corresponding biological processes, cellular components, molecular functions and pathways. Conclusions Our results not only identified potential novel metabolites and associated genes involved in the incompatible response of PI437654 to soybean cyst nematode HG1.2.3.5.7, but also provided new insights into the interactions between soybeans and soybean cyst nematodes.

scholarly journals Soybean cyst nematodes: a destructive threat to soybean production in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deliang Peng ◽  
Ru Jiang ◽  
Huan Peng ◽  
Shiming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Soybean Resistance

AbstractSoybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is one of the most important pests in soybean production worldwide. In China, 11 different races of SCN, including a newly identified race ‘X12’ with super-virulence, have been surveyed and found to be distributed in 22 provinces. Among them, races 1, 3 and 4 are dominant in the two principal soybean-producing areas, Northeast China and Huanghuaihai Valley, causing over 120 million dollars of annual yield loss. Rapid and reliable PCR-based approaches have been developed for the molecular diagnosis of SCN. High-throughput methods for the identification of soybean resistance against SCN are also developed with specific single nucleotide polymorphism markers by using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR technology. Over 10,000 soybean germplasm sources were evaluated for their SCN resistance, and 28 SCN-resistant soybean accessions were selected to construct an applied core collection, which has been used for soybean breeding in China. Recently, the genome sequences of SCN and soybean are publically available, and two major SCN-resistant genes (rhg1 and Rhg4) have been identified in soybean, which greatly facilitate the researches on SCN virulence and soybean resistance, and also soybean resistance breeding against SCN. However, the management of SCN still faces many bottlenecks, for instance, the single resistance genes in soybean cultivars can be easily overcome by new SCN races; the identified resistance genes are inadequate to meet the practical breeding needs; and our understanding of the mechanisms of SCN virulence and soybean resistance to SCN are limited. SCN is a destructive threat to soybean production throughout the world including China. In this review, the major progress on soybean SCN is summarized, mainly focusing on the recent research progress in SCN, soybean resistance to SCN and integrated management of SCN in China, and aiming at a better understanding of the current SCN research status and prospects for future work.

Status of soybean cyst nematodes and integrated management in China.

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
De-liang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Damage Symptoms

Abstract This chapter focuses on the host range, geographical distribution, economic importance, damage symptoms and biology and life cycle of the soyabean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines in China. Some information on their interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, efficacy and optimization of some recommended integrated nematode management systems and future outlook and research requirements for nematode management strategies are also presented.

scholarly journals Increase in Soybean Cyst Nematode Virulence and Reproduction on Resistant Soybean Varieties in Iowa From 2001 to 2015 and the Effects on Soybean Yields

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. McCarville ◽  
Christopher C. Marett ◽  
Mark P. Mullaney ◽  
Gregory D. Gebhart ◽  
Gregory L. Tylka
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Pi 88788

Management of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) relies heavily on use of SCN-resistant soybean varieties to limit nematode reproduction and minimize yield loss. For Iowa, almost all SCN-resistant soybean varieties contain SCN resistance genes from a breeding line named Plant Introduction (PI) 88788. Iowa State University conducts experiments to evaluate numerous SCN-resistant and three to four SCN-susceptible soybean varieties in up to nine field experiments across Iowa each year. Data on SCN population density, virulence (SCN race and HG type), soybean yield, precipitation, and growing degree days from more than 25,000 four-row plots in field experiments conducted from 2001 to 2015 were analyzed to determine how these factors affected SCN reproduction and yield. SCN population densities were positively correlated with temperatures and negatively associated with precipitation during the growing seasons, indicating that SCN reproduction was greatest in hot, dry years. Over the years, virulence of SCN populations on PI 88788 increased in the fields in which the experiments were conducted, resulting in increased end-of-season SCN population densities and reduced yields of SCN-resistant soybean varieties with the PI 88788 source of resistance. These results indicate that soybean yield loss caused by SCN on resistant varieties with the common PI 88788 source of resistance likely will increase as virulence of SCN populations increases unless new sources of resistance become widely available and used in the future.

scholarly journals Developmental Transcript Profiling of Cyst Nematode Feeding Cells in Soybean Roots

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagabhushana Ithal ◽  
Justin Recknor ◽  
Dan Nettleton ◽  
Tom Maier ◽  
Thomas J. Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Transcript Profiling ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
And Function

Cyst nematodes of the genus Heterodera are obligate, sedentary endoparasites that have developed highly evolved relationships with specific host plant species. Successful parasitism involves significant physiological and morphological changes to plant root cells for the formation of specialized feeding cells called syncytia. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of nematode feeding cells, transcript profiling was conducted on developing syncytia induced by the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines in soybean roots by coupling laser capture microdissection with high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis. This approach has identified pathways that may play intrinsic roles in syncytium induction, formation, and function. Our data suggest interplay among phytohormones that likely regulates synchronized changes in the expression of genes encoding cell-wall-modifying proteins. This process appears to be tightly controlled and coordinately regulated with cell wall rigidification processes that may involve lignification of feeding cell walls. Our data also show local downregulation of jasmonic acid biosynthesis and responses in developing syncytia, which suggest a local suppression of plant defense mechanisms. Moreover, we identified genes encoding putative transcription factors and components of signal transduction pathways that may be important in the regulatory processes governing syncytium formation and function. Our analysis provides a broad mechanistic picture that forms the basis for future hypothesis-driven research to understand cyst nematode parasitism and to develop effective management tools against these pathogens.

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