scholarly journals Germination and vigor of Encholirium spectabile seeds according to geographical region, substrate and sowing position

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e865986245
Author(s):  
Ariana Veras de Araújo ◽  
Monalisa Alves Diniz da Silva ◽  
André Pereira Freire Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Blotting Paper ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Geographic Regions

Given the potential for commercial exploitation of E. spectabile and aiming to curb predatory extractivism, the development of researches that guide its cultivation becomes relevant. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different substrates and seed positions at sowing on the germination and vigor of seeds from two geographical regions. The experiment design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 x 2 factorial design (seeds from two geographic regions:  i.e., Serra Talhada-PE and Graça-CE, both in Brazil; four substrates: blotting paper, sand, vermiculite and coconut fiber: and two sowing positions: over and in between the substrate). Sowing on blotting paper, sand, vermiculite and coconut fiber, in general, was favorable to germination and germination speed index for seeds from both geographic regions. Sowing in between coconut fiber was detrimental to germination and root development regardless of the seed geographical region. However, sowing in between and over coconut fiber and in between sand favored shoot growth. The best combinations for dry matter production were sowing over paper and sand. The substrates blotting paper, sand, coconut fiber and vermiculite are favorable to E. spectabile seed germination regardless of geographic regions, provided that the sowing is made over the substrates.

A quantitative study of the effects of gibberellic acid on the growth of Festuca arundinacea

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation

Single plants of Festuca arundinacea (cv. S170) were treated with gibberellic acid (GA) and the sequence of effects on the growth of the whole plant and of various organs followed by means of growth analysis. The first effect of GA was to change the distribution of dry matter between shoot and root and between tillers within the shoot without affecting total plant weight. Shoot growth was increased and resulted in a larger amount of photosynthetic tissue with a higher net assimilation rate; total plant weight increased as a consequence of these effects. The significance of these results in interpreting previous work on the effects of GA on dry matter production in grasses and other plants is discussed.

The growth of lodgepole pine seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches at five seedbed densities

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-428
Author(s):  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Foliage Weight

The components of shoot growth and dry matter production in 1 + 0 lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. spp. contorta) seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches for 12 weeks at five seedbed densities (180–720 plants/m2) were studied. The greater plant height found at the highest seedbed density was the result of increased stem unit length, not increased number of stem units. The increase in plant dry weight as seedbed density decreased was largely due to greater dry weight of roots, branchwood, and branch foliage, and not to increases in stemwood and stem foliage weight. Seedbed densities of less than 460 seedlings/m2 are required to produce yields of suitably sturdy seedlings in excess of 50% of the crop.

Growth and nutrition of containerized Pinusresinosa at exponentially increasing nutrient additions

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 644-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Timmer ◽  
G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Nutrient Additions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

Containerized red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) seedlings were reared on different fertility regimes that compared conventional applications of a recommended 39 mg N per seedling as a complete nutrient solution (175 mg N•L−1) with more frequent applications of an equal, one-half, or one-quarter amount of nutrients delivered at exponentially increasing solution concentrations over the same time period. Height growth, dry matter production, and root development at the end of the greenhouse rotation was significantly greater for seedlings receiving nutrients at exponentially rather than constantly increasing rates, although shoot growth among the three exponential treatments did not differ significantly. The increased yield was attributed to improved seedling nutrition as fertilizer addition rates better matched exponential growth development and nutrient consumption of the plants. The results indicate that superior seedlings can be grown successfully at low concentrations of nutrient solution, applying only one-quarter of the fertilizer dose conventionally used for container stock production.

Seasonal Shoot Growth of Eucalyptus spp. In the Brisbane Area of Queensland (With Notes on Shoot Growth and Litter Fall in Other Areas of Australia)

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Specht ◽  
YM Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Winter Depression ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
The Mean

Field data, collected at fortnightly intervals over a period of three years, show a distinctly bimodal rhythm in the shoot growth of Eucalyptus species in the Brisbane area of Queensland. Maximum growth occurs in autumn and spring; growth is reduced during summer and, apart from periods of warmer weather, virtually ceases during winter. The bimodal growth rhythm is due to the interacting influence of unimodal curves relating monthly values for dry matter production of the leaf canopy to the respective effects of mean daily temperature, intensity of solar radiation, and available water. When the mean monthly temperature falls below 16-18°C, most photosynthates are translocated to stems and roots: little canopy growth then occurs, thus accentuating the winter depression in shoot growth. Shoot growth in the Brisbane region is compared with that observed in other areas of Australia. Shoot growth is minimal in plant communities dominated by: (a) arid to subhumid species of Acacia when the mean monthly temperature falls below 24-26°C (b) Eucalyptus spp., Myoporum sp., Heterodendrum sp. and dominant heath species when the mean monthly temperature falls below 16-18° (c) Acmena smithii (at least at Wilson's Promontory) and Leptospermum myrsinoides when the temperature falls below 13-14° (d) Pinus radiata when the temperature falls below 10°. In contrast, Nothofagus cunninghamii shows little shoot growth when the temperature rises above 16°.

The influence of NaCl salinity and hypoxia on aspects of growth in Trifolium species

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Rogers ◽  
T. D. Colmer ◽  
K. Frost ◽  
D. Henry ◽  
D. Cornwall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ion Relations ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Trifolium Michelianum

The effects of salinity and hypoxia on growth, nutritive value, and ion relations were evaluated in 38 species of Trifolium and 3 check legume species (Trifolium fragiferum, Trifolium michelianum, and Medicago sativa) under glasshouse conditions, with the aim of identifying species that may be suitable for saline and/or waterlogged conditions. In the first set of experiments, plants were grown hydroponically at four NaCl concentrations (0, 40, 80, and 160 mm NaCl) and harvested after exposure to these treatments for 4 weeks. NaCl concentrations up to 160 mm reduced dry matter production in most species; however, there were differences in salt tolerance among species, with T. argutum, T. diffusum, T. hybridum, and T. ornithopodioides performing well under the saline conditions (dry matter production was reduced by less than 20%). Concentrations of Na+ and Cl− in the shoots increased with increasing salinity levels, and species again differed in their capacity to limit the uptake of these ions. Dry matter digestibility at 0 mm ranged from 49.8% (T. palaestinum) to 74.0% (T. vesiculosum) and decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. A second set of experiments evaluated the tolerance of Trifolium species to hypoxic conditions in the glasshouse. Shoot growth, and to a lesser extent root growth, were reduced in all Trifolium species when plants were exposed to stagnant, non-aerated conditions for 28 days, but T. michelianum, T. resupinatum, T. squamosum, T. nigrescens, T. ornithopodioides, T. salmoneum, and T. fragiferum were the least affected species. All species acclimated to the oxygen-depleted conditions by increasing the gas-filled porosity in the roots. This study has provided information that will assist in the identification of forage species for saline and/or waterlogged areas.

scholarly journals AMMONIA TOXICITY AFFECT CATIONS UPTAKE AND GROWTH IN PAPAYA PLANTS INCLUSIVE WITH SILICON ADDITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353
Author(s):  
Bruna Santos Silva ◽  
Renato De Mello Prado ◽  
Alexander Calero Hurtado ◽  
Renata Aparecida de Andrade ◽  
Gilmara Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
High Ammonia

High ammonia (NH4+) concentration can exert stress on many plants, which causes nutritional disorders and reduction on plant growth. However, depending on the intensity of the stress, it may be attenuated by silicon. In this work, the response of impact of cations and silicon accumulations and plant growth in cultivated papaya plants was investigated under different toxic ammonia concentrations regardless of the presence of silicon (Si). The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) with papaya seedlings, variety ‘Grupo Formosa’ (Calimosa híbrida 01), grown in a glass greenhouse, in 1.7 dm3pots filled with pine and coconut fiber-based substrate. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement. There were five ammonium concentrations: 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 mmol L-1that were delivered via nutrient solution, in the absence and presence of Si (2 mmol L-1), with five replicates. After 31 days of growth, the cations and silicon accumulations in the shoot, plant height, stem diameter, root, and shoot dry matter were evaluated. Results revealed that increased ammonia concentration showed toxicity in papaya plants and stronger reductions in Ca, Mg, K and Si accumulations, plant heights, stem diameters, and root and shoot dry matter production, even when silicon was present and with greater effects on the shoot dry matter (87 %) than that of the roots (13 %).

Erratum to: The influence of NaCl salinity and hypoxia on aspects of growth in Trifolium species

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
M. E. Rogers ◽  
T. D Colmer ◽  
K. Frost ◽  
D. Henry ◽  
D. Cornwall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ion Relations ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Trifolium Michelianum

The effects of salinity and hypoxia on growth, nutritive value, and ion relations were evaluated in 38 species of Trifolium and 3 check legume species (Trifolium fragiferum, Trifolium michelianum, and Medicago sativa) under glasshouse conditions, with the aim of identifying species that may be suitable for saline and/or waterlogged conditions. In the first set of experiments, plants were grown hydroponically at four NaCl concentrations (0, 40, 80, and 160�mm NaCl) and harvested after exposure to these treatments for 4 weeks. NaCl concentrations up to 160�mM reduced dry matter production in most species; however, there were differences in salt tolerance among species, with T. argutum, T. diffusum, T. hybridum, and T. ornithopodioides performing well under the saline conditions (dry matter production was reduced by less than 20%). Concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in the shoots increased with increasing salinity levels, and species again differed in their capacity to limit the uptake of these ions. Dry matter digestibility at 0�mm ranged from 49.8% (T. palaestinum) to 74.0% (T. vesiculosum) and decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. A second set of experiments evaluated the tolerance of Trifolium species to hypoxic conditions in the glasshouse. Shoot growth, and to a lesser extent root growth, were reduced in all Trifolium species when plants were exposed to stagnant, non-aerated conditions for 28 days, but T. michelianum, T. resupinatum, T. squamosum, T. nigrescens, T. ornithopodioides, T. salmoneum, and T. fragiferum were the least affected species. All species acclimated to the oxygen-depleted conditions by increasing the gas-filled porosity in the roots. This study has provided information that will assist in the identification of forage species for saline and/or waterlogged areas.

Effect of Seed Hardening and Pelleting on Germination and Seedling Attributes of Cowpea under Saline Condition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Prakash ◽  
S. Maamallan ◽  
G. Sathiyanarayanan ◽  
S. Rameshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Leaf Powder

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important legume crop. Investigations were undertaken to study the effect of seed hardening, seed pelleting and combined effect of seed hardening with seed pelleting on germination and seedling growth of cowpea under induced saline condition viz., EC4, EC8, EC12 and EC16. Cowpea seeds were hardened with KCl @ 1%, CaCl2 @ 1% and both KCl and CaCl2 @ 1% and hardened seeds were further pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 100, 150 and 200 g kg-1 of seed. Observations on germination % and seedling parameters were recorded. The experimental results revealed that increased salinity reduced germination and seedling growth in terms of germination %, speed of germination, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index. However, hardening and pelleting treatments significantly increased all these parameters at all the levels of salinity when compared to control. Among the treatments, seeds hardened with KCl @ 1 % + CaCl2 @ 1 % and pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 200 g per kg recorded higher germination % and all the seedling parameters when compared to control and other treatments.

scholarly journals Shoot growth restriction in dry matter partitioning andminituber production of potato plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1917-1924
Author(s):  
Dilson Antônio Bisognin ◽  
Jacso Dellai
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Matter Production

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of shoot growth restriction in the dry matter partitioning and minituber production of potato plants grown in a closed soilless system. Minitubers of the cultivars 'Macaca' and 'Asterix' were planted in the greenhouse in the density of 100 hills m-2, during autumn and spring growing seasons. Growth restriction levels were gotten by pruning shoots at 10, 20 and 30cm height or without pruning. The growth restriction levels were identified by their respective leaf area index. The experiment was a factorial (cultivars x growth restriction x growing season) in a random design, with four replications. Growth restriction affected the dry matter production of potato plants in both growing seasons and cultivars. Pruning potato plants at 30cm is a feasible technique to control leaf area index and it has lower effect on harvest index and number than in dry matter production of minitubers. Growth restriction does not change dry matter partitioning of potato plants grown in soilless system.

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