scholarly journals Soil Profile Studies of Organic and Conventional farms growing Chilli, Capsicum annuum

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Choudhary ◽  
Dayanand Dayanand ◽  
Preeti Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The experiments were conducted to determine effects of farming practises on soil quality of fields. Comparative analyses of soil samples from organic and conventional farms were carried out for soil organic matter nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, salinity, and soil pH. Applications of organic manures increase the availability of organic elements in soil naturally and improve the Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) of crops. Standard chemical analytical methods were used to determine organic matter, EC, pH, in soil. Special attention was paid to phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. Soil profile analysis showed that organic farming gradually enhances soil quality naturally. Results indicated increasing levels of organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, CEC, pH of soil from farms practising organic farming.

Recent advancements of molecular breeding and functional genomics for improving nitrogen-, phosphorus- and potassium-use efficiencies in wheat.

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-196
Author(s):  
T. Maharajan ◽  
G. Victor Roch ◽  
S. Antony Ceasar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract This chapter discusses the importance and implications of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as essential nutrients and the application of molecular breeding and functional genomics for improving nutrient-use efficiency in wheat are presented. Improvement of nutrient-use efficiency through genetic modification and impact of climate change on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium management were also discussed.

Analysis of nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in Eucalyptus pilularis forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Turner ◽  
Marcia J. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Organic Matter Production ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis

Alternative indices to use for nutrient use efficiency (NUE) were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur, using 17 Eucalyptus pilularis forest sites to test the hypothesis that NUE increases with decreasing nutrient availability. Reported indices represent different measures of nutrient use, including (1) efficiency of acquisition from soil, (2) quantities required for organic matter production, (3) organic matter production related to uptake, (4) ability to internally retranslocate nutrients and (5) physiological requirement of nutrients. Some indices are highly correlated but the highest correlations were according to age. Phosphorus, the main growth-limiting nutrient, on average, produced 6.5 and 10.9 t of organic matter per kilogram of phosphorus required and taken up from soil, respectively. Comparable estimates were made for other nutrients. NUEs of mobile nutrients increased with decreases in nutrient availability and this supported the hypotheses when age was taken into account. The NUEs of one nutrient are not independent of other nutrients. The inverse of foliage nutrient concentration is a valuable low-cost index of nutrient utilisation and correlates with net primary production/nutrient requirement, and is related to age. Resorption of nutrients, comparing new and abscised tissue, was of low value, but abscised-tissue nutrient correlations are related to a lower benchmark and are of value. The use of selected NUE indices for species comparison was discussed.

scholarly journals Biochar: Agronomic and environmental potential in Brazilian savannah soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano A. Petter ◽  
Beata E. Madari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Due to the high activity of microorganisms, the loss of soil organic matter is high in tropical regions. This loss becomes even greater if the soil is managed improperly or when there is no technology that leverages the permanence of the soil carbon by maintaining appropriate levels of organic matter, providing chemical, physical and biological soil improvements and contributing to reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Due to its aromatic structure, biochar is a highly stable form of carbon in the soil that may contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, such as CO2, N2O and CH4, and act as a soil conditioner, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Biochar may also result in increased productivity due to the improvement of soil attributes or a possible electrophysiological effect. Research over the past decades has demonstrated the potential of biochar as a soil conditioner, improving fertility and nutrient-use efficiency, in addition to maximising the productivity of crops, such as soybean and rice.

scholarly journals An ecosystem approach to assess soil quality in organically and conventionally managed farms in Iceland and Austria

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. van Leeuwen ◽  
T. Lehtinen ◽  
G. J. Lair ◽  
J. Bloem ◽  
L. Hemerik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Conventional Farms

Abstract. Intensive agricultural production can be an important driver for the loss of long-term soil quality. For this reason, the European Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) network adopted four pairs of agricultural CZO sites that differ in their management: conventional or organic. The CZO sites include two pairs of grassland farms in Iceland and two pairs of arable farms in Austria. Conventional fields differed from the organic fields in the use of artificial fertilisers and pesticides. Soils of these eight farms were analysed in terms of their physical, chemical, and biological properties, including soil aggregate size distribution, soil organic matter contents, abundance of soil microbes and soil fauna, and taxonomic diversity of soil microarthropods. In Icelandic grasslands, organically farmed soils had larger mean weight diameters of soil aggregates than the conventional farms, while there were no differences on the Austrian farms. Organic farming did not systematically influence organic matter contents or composition, nor soil carbon and nitrogen contents. Also, soil food web structures, in terms of presence of trophic groups of soil organisms, were highly similar among all farms, indicating a low sensitivity of trophic structure to land use or climate. However, soil organism biomass, especially of bacteria and nematodes, was consistently higher on organic farms than on conventional farms. Within the microarthropods, taxonomic diversity was systematically higher in the organic farms compared to the conventional farms. This difference was found across countries and farm, crop, and soil types. The results do not show systematic differences in physical and chemical properties between organic and conventional farms, but confirm that organic farming can enhance soil biomass and that microarthropod diversity is a sensitive and consistent indicator for land management.

Nutrient distribution and cycling in a subtropical rainforest in New South Wales

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Lambert ◽  
John Turner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
New South ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Subtropical rainforests in New South Wales (NSW) are distributed on the more fertile forest soils and are nutritionally distinct from the Eucalyptus forests in the same areas. The distribution, cycling of organic matter and nutrients and nutrient use efficiency in an Australian subtropical rainforest were studied and aspects were compared with reported Eucalyptus studies. The available nutrients were greatly in excess of the stand uptake or requirement. A single undisturbed plot within a research trial in mature forest was selected for the study. At the beginning of the study, the aboveground forest biomass was ~334 t ha–1 of organic matter and, 22 years later, there was 357 t ha–1, giving a net accumulation rate of 1.03 t ha–1 year–1, and net primary productivity of 13.0–14.6 t ha–1 year–1. Litterfall and forest-floor analyses indicated a very rapid turnover of organic matter, with an estimated half-life of ~0.5 years. The quantity of nutrients in the stand was high relative to other forest types in the area, with 1109.2 kg N ha–1, 62 kg P ha–1, 1999 kg Ca ha–1, 591 kg Mg ha–1 and 901 kg K ha–1. Nutrient requirement estimated as nutrient content of the current tissue was estimated to be 107, 5.3, 99, 26 and 61 kg ha–1 year–1 for N, P, Ca, Mg and K, respectively, and uptake defined as removal from the soil was estimated to be 112, 4.7, 128, 37 and 49 kg ha–1 year–1 for the same nutrients, the difference between these being net nutrient redistribution. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE), defined as net primary productivity (NPP) per requirement (t kg–1), was calculated to be 0.12, 2.43, 0.13, 0.50 and 0.21 for N, P, Ca, Mg and K, respectively; these values were low, for example, compared with mature E. pilularis, for which NPP was 0.20, 6.5, 0.43, 1.04 and 0.52 t kg–1 for N, P, Ca, Mg and K, respectively. Using NUE defined as NPP per uptake provided comparable estimates. The rainforest represents a forest growing with basically no nutrient limitations, and, as such, is a benchmark for forest nutrient distribution, cycling and NUE.

scholarly journals An ecosystem approach to assess soil quality in organically and conventionally managed farms in Iceland and Austria

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. van Leeuwen ◽  
T. Lehtinen ◽  
G. J. Lair ◽  
J. Bloem ◽  
L. Hemerik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Organism ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Conventional Farms

Abstract. Intensive agricultural production can be an important driver for the loss of long-term soil quality. For this reason, the European Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) network adopted four pairs of agricultural CZO sites that differ in their management: conventional or organic. The CZO sites include two pairs of grassland farms in Iceland and two pairs of arable farms in Austria. Conventional fields differed from the organic fields in the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides. Soils of these eight farms were analysed in terms of their physical, chemical, and biological properties, including soil aggregate size distribution, soil organic matter contents, abundance of soil microbes and soil fauna, and taxonomic diversity of soil microarthropods. In Icelandic grasslands, organically farmed soils had larger mean weight diameters than the conventional farms, while there were no differences in the Austrian farms. Organic farming did neither systematically influence organic matter contents or composition, nor soil carbon and nitrogen contents. Also soil food web structures, in terms of presence of trophic groups of soil organisms, were highly similar among all farms, indicating a low sensitivity of trophic structure to land use or climate. However, soil organism biomass, especially of bacteria and nematodes, was consistently higher in organic farms than in conventional farms. Within the microarthropods, also taxonomic diversity was systematically higher in the organic farms compared to the conventional farms. This difference was found across countries, farm-, crop- and soil-types. The results do not show systematic differences in physical and chemical properties between organic and conventional farms, but confirm that organic farming can enhance soil organism biomass, and that microarthropod diversity is a sensitive and consistent indicator for land management.

Tomato Production in Florida Using Fertigation Technology

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Dixon ◽  
Guodong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Tomato is in high demand because of its taste and health benefits. In Florida, tomato is the number one vegetable crop in terms of both acreage and value. Because of its high value and wide acreage, it is important for tomato production to be efficient in its water and nutrient use, which may be improved through fertigation practices. Therefore, the objective of this new 7-page article is to disseminate research-based methods of tomato production utilizing fertigation to enhance yield and nutrient use efficiency. Written by Mary Dixon and Guodong Liu, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1392

Connecting Crop Nutrient Use Efficiency to Future Soil Productivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Fernando García ◽  
Andrés Grasso ◽  
María González Sanjuan ◽  
Adrián Correndo ◽  
Fernando Salvagiotti
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Use Efficiency

Trends over the past 25 years indicate that Argentina’s growth in its grain crop productivity has largely been supported by the depletion of the extensive fertility of its Pampean soils. Long-term research provides insight into sustainable nutrient management strategies ready for wide-scale adoption.

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