scholarly journals Risk of Recrudescence of Lymphatic Filariasis after Post-MDA Surveillance in Brugia malayi Endemic Belitung District, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-634
Author(s):  
Santoso ◽  
Yahya ◽  
Yanelza Supranelfy ◽  
Nungki Hapsari Suryaningtyas ◽  
Yulian Taviv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Specific Difference ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Environmental Surveys ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Animal Reservoirs ◽  
Health Research And Development

Belitung district in Bangka-Belitung Province, Indonesia with a population of 0.27 million is endemic for Brugia malayi and 5 rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) were completed by 2010. Based on the results of 3 transmission assessment surveys (TAS), the district is declared as achieving elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in 2017. The findings of an independent survey conducted by the National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD) in the same year showed microfilaria (Mf) prevalence of 1.3% in this district. In 2019, NIHRD conducted microfilaria survey in 2 villages in Belitung district. Screening of 311 and 360 individuals in Lasar and Suak Gual villages showed Mf prevalence of 5.1% and 2.2% with mean Mf density of 120 and 354 mf/ml in the respective villages. Mf prevalence was significantly higher among farmers and fishermen compared to others and the gender specific difference was not significant. The results of a questionnaire based interview showed that 62.4% of the respondents reported to have participated in MDA in Lasar while it was 57.7% in Suak Gual village. About 42% of the Mf positive cases did not participate in MDA. Environmental surveys identified many swampy areas supporting the breeding of Mansonia vector species. Persistence of infection is evident and in the event of successful TAS3 it is necessary to monitor the situation and plan for focal MDA. Appropriate surveillance strategies including xenomonitoring in post-MDA situations need to be developed to prevent resurgence of infection. Possible role of animal reservoirs is discussed.

scholarly journals Potential use of antibodies to provide an earlier indication of lymphatic filariasis resurgence in post-mass drug administration surveillance, American Samoa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Cadavid Restrepo ◽  
Katherine Gass ◽  
Kimberly Y. Won ◽  
Meru Sheel ◽  
Keri Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
School Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractObjectivesUnder the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), American Samoa conducted seven rounds of mass drug administration between 2000 and 2006. The territory passed transmission assessment surveys (TAS) in 2011 (TAS-1) and 2015 (TAS-2) based on World Health Organization guidelines. In 2016, the territory failed TAS-3, indicating resurgence. This study aims to determine if antibodies (Ab) may have provided a timelier indication of LF resurgence in American Samoa.MethodsWe examined school-level Ag and Ab status (presence/absence of Ag- and Ab- positive children) and prevalence of single and combined Ab responses to Wb123, Bm14, Bm33 Ags at each TAS. Pearson’s chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used to examine associations between school-level Ab prevalence in TAS-1 and TAS-2 and school-level Ag status in TAS-3.ResultsSchools with higher prevalence of Wb123 Ab in TAS-2 had higher odds of being Ag-positive in TAS-3 (odds ratio [OR] 24.5, 95% CI:1.2-512.7). Schools that were Ab-positive for WB123 plus Bm14, Bm33 or both Bm14 and Bm33 in TAS-2 had higher odds of being Ag-positive in TAS-3 (OR 16.0-24.5).ConclusionAnti-filarial Abs could provide earlier signals of resurgence and enable a timelier response. The promising role of Abs in post-MDA surveillance and decision making should be further investigated in other settings.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Penularan Filariasis Limfatik di Provinsi Riau dan Bangka Belitung: Parasit pada Manusia dan Reservoir

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Santoso Santoso ◽  
Yahya Yahya ◽  
Lasbudi Pertama Ambarita ◽  
Anif Budiyanto ◽  
Nungki Hapsari Suryaningtyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Mass Treatment ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Blood Samples

Mass treatment and evaluation surveys of filariasis transmission were strategies in the control of lymphatic filariasis. Mass Drug Administration (MDA) stop period surveillance is required for five years before obtaining a lymphatic filariasis elimination certificate. The aim of conducting the study was to evaluate the activities of lymphatic filariasis elimination in areas that have been doing MDA for five years. During July-November 2017, fingertip blood samples of people aged five years and examination of reservoir animals was done in Riau and Bangka Belitung Province. The results of the study found that in Kuatan Singingi and Pelalawan district Mf rate was <1%, in West Bangka and Belitung districts Mf rate> 1% with all specied identified as Brugia malayi. Survey of animal reservoir obtained positive of B. malayi on two cats (Felis attus), one dog (Canis familiaris), and one monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Riau Province was not a filariasis endemic area (Mf rate <1%), while Bangka Belitung Province Mf rate was still >1%. The risk of transmission in Kuantan Singingi District was already low, while in Pelalawan regency, West Bangka and Belitung were still high.

scholarly journals The Role of Personal Opinions and Experiences in Compliance with Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e48395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris W. Njomo ◽  
Mary Amuyunzu-Nyamongo ◽  
Japheth K. Magambo ◽  
Sammy M. Njenga
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration

scholarly journals Studi Filariasis Pasca Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal (POPM) Filariasis Tahap III Kabupaten Muara Enim Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Ritawati Ritawati ◽  
Reni Oktarina
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
History Of

Abstract Muara Enim is an endemic lymphatic filariasis district in South Sumatera Province. Microfilaria rate reported in 2009 was 10.3%. Filarial prevention mass drug administration (MDA) was simultaneously carried out since 2013. The objectives of the study were to identify the lymphatic filariasis situation (microfilaria rate, history of drugs administration, vector species and larval habitat) after the introduction of third phase filariasis prevention drugs. Study design was cross sectional study, which located in Penanggiran and Cinta Kasih Village, Muara Enim District in 2015. Sampling was done by examination of finger blood at night from 19:00 to 24:00. The history of taking MDA was asked to the villagers > 15 years old that were taken finger blood speciments. The catching of adult mosquitoes was done once by human landing collection method for 12 hours (18.00-06.00). Observation of larvae was conducted in larval breeding habitats.The results found one sample Brugia malayi mikrofilaria species positive of 726 from the sentinel village of sentinel. Microfilarial rate was 0.29%. The dominant mosquito vector species was Culex quinquefasciatus. The mosquito larvae were found in the marsh area. We found only 22% of 537 respondents has been taking the drug three times for three years. Abstrak Muara Enim merupakan daerah endemis filariasis di Provinsi SumateraSelatan. Mikrofilaria rate dilaporkan tahun 2009 sebesar 10,3%. Pemberianobat pencegahan massal serentak dilakukan sejak tahun 2013. Tujuanpenelitian mengetahui gambaran filariasis (mikrofilaria rate, riwayat minumobat, spesies nyamuk dan habitat larva) pasca-Pemberian Obat PencegahanMassal (pasca-POPM) filariasis tahap tiga. Desain penelitian studi potonglintang, lokasi penelitian di Desa Penanggiran dan Cinta Kasih. Pengambilansampel dengan cara pemeriksaan darah jari pada malam hari dimulai pukul19.00-24.00 WIB terhadap seluruh penduduk desa yang datang pada saatsurvei darah jari (SDJ). Riwayat minum obat pencegahan ditanyakan padapenduduk yang diambil spesimen darah jari berumur >15 tahun. Penangkapannyamuk dewasa dilakukan masing-masing satu kali di desa lokasi penelitiandengan metode human landing collection selama 12 jam (18.00–06.00 WIB).Pengamatan dan pencidukan larva pada habitat perkembangbiakan larva.Hasil pemeriksaan darah terhadap 726 orang ditemukan satu orang positifmikrofilaria dengan spesies Brugia malayi dengan Mf rate sebesar 0,29%.Frekuensi minum obat massal filariasis selama tiga tahun POPM dari 537responden hanya sebesar 22,0%. Spesies nyamuk yang dominan ditemukanCulex quinquefasciatus. Larva nyamuk vektor filariasis ditemukan di rawa.Disarankan sosialisasi, pentingnya minum obat pencegahan filariasis danpeningkatan praktik pencegahan untuk mengurangi kontak dengan nyamuk.

Non-compliance to Mass Drug Administration Associated with the Low Perception of the Community Members About their Susceptibility to Lymphatic Filariasis in Ankobra, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Ilo Dicko ◽  
Yaya Ibrahim Coulibaly ◽  
Modibo Sangaré ◽  
Bismark Sarfo ◽  
Priscillia Awo Nortey
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Degree Of Association

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic disease that has been targeted for elimination through the Mass Drug Administration (MDA.) Although the MDA started in the Ankobra community in Ghana in 2000, LF prevalence as reported in 2014 was relatively high (4.5%). Non-compliance to the MDA has been associated with the persistent LF prevalence in endemic regions. Objective: This study determined the factors associated with the non-compliance to the MDA among patients living in the Ankobra community, Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a one-stage cluster sampling method was used to collect data between June and July, 2017 in Ankobra. Questionnaires were used to collect data from health workers, the MDA drug distributors and study participants in Ankobra. Data analysis was performed using STATA 14. Logistic regression was used to measure the degree of association between the dependent (non-compliance) and independent variables. Non-compliance rate was defined as the percentage of individuals who self-reported that they did not actually swallow the drugs provided during the MDA. Results: The MDA coverage and non-compliance rates were 73.5% (147/200) and 33.33% (49/147) respectively. The main reason for non-compliance was fear of drug adverse events (75.51%, 37/49). Thought of “not being susceptible to LF” was significantly associated with the non-compliance (aOR= 2.83, [CI= 1.15, 6.98]). Conclusion: Health education about the susceptibility of residents getting LF disease in endemic community must be intensified to improve compliance to MDA medication ingestion and thus meet the Global Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis by 2020.

scholarly journals Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Americas region

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S33-S38
Author(s):  
Gilberto Fontes ◽  
Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha ◽  
Ronaldo Guilherme Carvalho Scholte ◽  
Rubén Santiago Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Effective Coverage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Assessment Survey ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Important Progress

Abstract In South and Central America, lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus, the only vector species in this region. Of the seven countries considered endemic for LF in the Americas in the last decade, Costa Rica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago were removed from the World Health Organization list in 2011. The remaining countries, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guyana and Haiti, have achieved important progress in recent years. Brazil was the first country in the Americas to stop mass drug administration (MDA) and to establish post-MDA surveillance. Dominican Republic stopped MDA in all LF-endemic foci: La Ciénaga and Southwest passed the third Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) and the Eastern focus passed TAS-1 in 2018. Haiti passed the TAS and interrupted transmission in &gt;80% of endemic communes, achieving effective drug coverage. Guyana implemented effective coverage in MDAs in 2017 and 2018 and in 2019 scaled up the treatment for 100% of the geographical region, introducing ivermectin in the MDA in order to achieve LF elimination by the year 2026. The Americas region is on its way to eliminating LF transmission. However, efforts should be made to improve morbidity management to prevent disability of the already affected populations.

scholarly journals Evaluating context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention on lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration in Northern Ghana using the RE-AIM framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Kwesi Manyeh ◽  
Tobias Chirwa ◽  
Rohit Ramaswamy ◽  
Frank Baiden ◽  
Latifat Ibisomi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Quality Improvement Intervention ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Improvement Intervention

Abstract Background Over a decade of implementing a global strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Ghana through mass drug administration, the disease is still being transmitted in 11 districts out of an initial 98 endemic districts identified in 2000. A context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention was implemented in the Bole District of Northern Ghana after an initial needs assessment to improve the lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration towards eliminating the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the process and impact of the lymphatic filariasis context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention in the Bole District of Northern Ghana. Method A cross-sectional mixed methods study using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework to evaluate the context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention was employed. Quantitative secondary data was extracted from the neglected tropical diseases database. A community survey was conducted with 446 randomly selected participants. Qualitative data were collected from 42 purposively selected health workers, chiefs/opinion leaders and community drug distributors in the study area. Results The evaluation findings showed an improvement in social mobilisation and sensitisation, knowledge about lymphatic filariasis and mass drug administration process, willingness to ingest the medication and adherence to the direct observation treatment strategy. We observed an increase in coverage ranging from 0.1 to 12.3% after implementing the intervention at the sub-district level and reducing self-reported adverse drug reaction. The level of reach, effectiveness and adoption at the district, sub-district and individual participants’ level suggest that the context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention is feasible to implement in lymphatic filariasis hotspot districts based on initial context-specific needs assessment. Conclusion The study provided the groundwork for future application of the RE-AIM framework to evaluate the implementation of context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention to improve lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration towards eliminating the disease as a public health problem.

Improving Juvenile Justice for Females: A Statewide Assessment in California

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bloom ◽  
Barbara Owen ◽  
Elizabeth Piper Deschenes ◽  
Jill Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Statewide Assessment ◽  
Female Adolescence ◽  
Staffing And Training ◽  
Substance Abuse Education ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
And Training

This article reports findings from a survey of officials from various California state agencies and a series of interviews and focus groups with female youth and professionals serving this population. The study examined types of services provided, program barriers, and facilitation of change. The findings were used to make gender-specific policy and program recommendations. The authors found that meeting the needs of girls and young women requires specialized staffing and training, particularly in terms of relationship and communication skills, gender differences in delinquency, substance abuse education, the role of abuse, developmental stages of female adolescence, and available programs and appropriate placements and limitations. Effective programming for girls and women should be shaped by and tailored to their real-world situations and problems. In order to do this, a theoretical approach to treatment that is gender-sensitive and that addresses the realities of girls' lives must be developed.

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