scholarly journals Toxicological studies on Acanthus montanus leaf extracts in male and female albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
Iwueke Adaku V. ◽  
Chukwu Ezinne C. ◽  
Onuoha Obinna U. ◽  
Osuocha K.U.
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Effect of leaf extracts of Carica papaya (Paw paw) and Pakia biglobosa (African locust bean) on some biochemical parameters of albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 014-021
Author(s):  
Michael Okey Enemali ◽  
Kingsley Ikechukwu Ubaoji ◽  
Chinenye Enoch Oguazu ◽  
Gambo Sunday Haruna ◽  
Kingsley Kelechi Asogwa
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Orthodox Medicine ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
African Locust Bean ◽  
Made In

In spite of the advances made in orthodox medicine, there has been an increasing interest in herbal medicine. The leaves of Carica papaya and Pakia biglobosa have been reported to contain lots of beneficial medicinal compounds, hence their use in the traditional prevention, management and treatment of ailments/diseases. In this study, the effect of varied concentrations of the ethanol leaf extract of the plants on some biochemical parameters of albino rats was assessed. The phytochemical compositions of the leaves were determined using established standard laboratory methods. Fifty four male Albino rats weighing between 150g-200g were randomly distributed into nine groups of six animals each. A daily single dose of 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, 1500mg/kg and 2000mg/kg body weight of either of the extracts was respectively, administered to the eight test groups for fourteen days. The control group was given only feed and water. Biochemical parameters such as the serum activities of Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminotranferase and Alkaline phosphatase as well as the serum concentrations of Bilirubin, Albumin, HCO3-, Urea, Creatinine and Na+ were assessed. Result of the analyses showed that the administration of the extracts did not significantly raise the serum activity of ALT. The decreases in serum concentrations of Urea and increase in the concentration of HCO3- were directly proportional to the concentration of the extracts. It can be deduced from this study, that 500mg, 1000mg 1500mg and 2000mg/kg bw of either C. papaya or P. biglobosa did not elicit any marked hepatotoxicological or renotoxicological effect on the experimental animals

scholarly journals Synthesis of Some 3d Metal Complexes of Quinine and their Toxicological Studies

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedibu C. Tella ◽  
Joshua A. Obaleya
Keyword(s):  
Stability Constant ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Cinchona Alkaloids ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Tetrahedral Geometry ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
3D Metal Complexes ◽  
The Stability

Four metal complexes of antimalarials cinchona alkaloids; [Co(Quin)Cl3]-1,[Fe(Quin)Cl2H2O]SO3H2O-2, [Cu(Quin)ClSO4]∞-3 and [Cd(Quin)ClSO4]∞-4 have beensynthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity, magnetic moment, IR,UV-Vis and mass spectroscopic techniques. The tetrahedral geometry is assigned for all thefour complexes and the quinine ligand is protonated at quinuclidine N atom with thecoordination of the metal at quinoline N atom for all the complexes. Complexes 1 and 2have zwitterionic structures while complexes 3 and 4 are polymeric in nature with zig-zagextended chains (MCl- O -SO2- O -MCl- O –SO2---).Stability constant of the complexes were evaluated for the metal salts. The value of thestability constant (β) was found to be log 10.48, 9.92, 7.98 and 7.81 for Cu(II), Fe(III),Co(II) and Cd(II), respectively and the order of β was found to beCu(II)>Fe(III)>Co(II)>Cd(II). The stability constant data revealed that concomitantlyadministration of quinine with preparation containing these metals may reduce theirefficacy. Toxicological study was carried out by investigating the effect of administration ofthe complexes on alkaline phosphatase activity of kidney, liver and serum of Albino rats. Allthe examined four metal complexes were found to be non-toxic.Keywords: Quinine, stability constant, FTIR, MS, phosphates activity.DOI:  10.3126/jncs.v25i0.3280Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Volume 25, 2010 pp 19-28

scholarly journals Maerua juncea Pax and M. schinzii Pax (Capparaceae): A comparative analysis of their ethnobotany and ethnomedicinal uses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6017-6022
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Maerua juncea Pax and M. schinzii Pax have a long history of medicinal use in southern Africa. This study aimed to review the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the two species. Results of this study are based on data derived from several online databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. The leaves, roots, stems or whole plant parts of M. juncea and M. schinzii are mainly used as protective charm and tonic, and traditional medicines for fever, heart problems, headache, earache, skin disorders, fatigue and respiratory problems. This study showed that betaines and quaternary ammonium compounds such as 3-hydroxyprolinebetaine, proline betaine and 3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl pyrrolidinium had been identified from the aerial parts of M. juncea. In contrast, alkaloids, bitter principles, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins and terpenes have been identified from the leaves of M. schinzii. The leaf extracts and compounds isolated from the species exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV and cytotoxicity activities. There is a need for extensive phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies of crude extracts of M. juncea and M. schinzii to establish the safety profiles of different preparations of the two species.

Toxicological Studies of a Nigerian Commercial Polyherbal Product in Albino Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.U. Etuk ◽  
V. Igbokwe ◽  
O.P. Ajagbonna ◽  
M.O. Egua
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Atherogenic and Haematologic Indices of Paracetamol- Overdosed Albino Rats Treated With Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Euphorbia Heterophylla and Jatropha Curcas

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidi Uzoma Igwe ◽  
Linus Nwaogu ◽  
Emmanuel Uche Olunkwa ◽  
Martin Otaba ◽  
Viola Onwuliri
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Comprehensive Analysis of Circulating microRNA Specific to the Liver, Heart, and Skeletal Muscle of Cynomolgus Monkeys

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Iguchi ◽  
Noriyo Niino ◽  
Satoshi Tamai ◽  
Ken Sakurai ◽  
Kazuhiko Mori
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Organ Specific

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) could represent sensitive and specific biomarkers for tissue injury. However, their utility as biomarkers in nonclinical toxicological studies using nonhuman primates is limited by a lack of information on their organ specificity and circulating levels under resting condition of the animals. Herein, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle-specific expression patterns of miRNAs were determined in 27 tissues/organs from male and female monkeys (n =2/sex) by next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. This analysis revealed organ-specific miRNAs in the liver (miR-122), heart (miR-208a and miR-499a), and skeletal muscle (miR-206). Next, plasma was collected from conscious-naive male and female cynomolgus monkeys (n = 25/sex) to better understand the expressions of organ-specific circulating miRNAs. The absolute values of circulating miRNAs were quantified using a Taqman microRNA assay. MiR-1, miR-133a, and miR-208b showed preferential expression in the heart and skeletal muscles, whereas miR-192 was abundant in the liver, stomach, small intestine, and kidney. These miRNAs had identical sequences to their human counterparts. Six organ-specific miRNAs (miR-1, miR-122, miR-133a, miR-192, miR-206, and miR-499a) could be evaluated quantitatively by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with or without preamplification. No significant sex differences were noted for these circulating miRNAs. For their circulation levels, miR-133a showed more than 900-fold interindividual variation, whereas miR-122 showed only a 20-fold variation. In conclusion, we profiled circulating organ-specific miRNAs for the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle of cynomolgus monkeys.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF RICINODENDRON HEUDELOTII (BAILL.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omolara Faith Yakubu ◽  
Abiodun Humphrey Adebayo ◽  
Tolulope Oluwasomo Famakinwa ◽  
Oluwatobi Samuel Adegbite ◽  
Temitope Arike Ishola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ricinodendron Heudelotii

 Objective: This work assessed the antimicrobial activity and toxicological consequence of the ethanolic extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill).Methods: The antimicrobial potential of the leaf extract was investigated against 9 different microorganisms using the agar well diffusion method while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was ascertained. Toxicity evaluations were carried out on five groups of seven albino rats each for 28 days. Rats in Group A received normal saline, while those in Groups B, C, D, and E received 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of the extract. After treatment, they were anesthetized, blood samples collected for biochemical assays; organs isolated, weighed, and processed for histopathological studies.Results: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of glycosides, tannins, polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids while saponin was absent. Antimicrobial effect was observed against 7 of the 9 microorganisms tested with inhibition zone and MIC ranging from 18 to 36 mm and 31.25 to 62.5 mg/mL, respectively. Liver function tests were significantly (p<0.05) increased, whereas no significant change in total protein and creatinine levels was observed. Histology showed a sinusoidal congestion and vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes in groups administered higher doses, and a dose-dependent reduction was observed in some hematological parameters.Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that the R. heudelotii may not induce significant toxic effect below 3600 mg/kg b.w. and could serve as an effective antibiotic.

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