scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Melocanna baccifera from disturbed and undisturbed sites in Mizoram, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Lalnunthari ◽  
John Zothanzama ◽  
Saizamrengi
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Amf Diversity ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Undisturbed Site ◽  
Disturbed Site

Melocanna baccifera is a well-known native bamboo species of India belonging to the grass family Poaceae. A study on the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) association with M. baccifera was conducted from a disturbed and undisturbed bamboo forest sites within Mizoram University, Mizoram, India. Soil from the rhizosphere region as well as physico-chemical properties of the soil were taken to study AMF diversity. The roots were observed for percentage colonization by AMF. It was found that undisturbed site had higher colonization percentage (56%) than the disturbed site (46%). The Shannon’s diversity index showed that undisturbed site (1.46) had more diversity than the disturbed site (1.59) while disturbed site showed lower index of dominance (3.34) which indicates higher shared dominance of AMF species than undisturbed site (4.66).

Diversity of a phosphate transporter gene among species and isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giovannini ◽  
Cristiana Sbrana ◽  
Luciano Avio ◽  
Alessandra Turrini
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Amf Diversity

ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key group of beneficial obligate biotrophs, establishing a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of most land plants. The molecular markers generally used for their characterization are mainly based on informative regions of nuclear rDNA (SSU-ITS-LSU), although protein-encoding genes have also been proposed. Within functional genes, those encoding for phosphate transporters (PT) are particularly important in AMF, given their primary ability to take up Pi from soil, and to differentially affect plant phosphate nutrition. In this work, we investigated the genetic diversity of PT1 gene sequences and sequences of the taxonomically relevant SSU-ITS-LSU region in two isolates of the species Funneliformis coronatus, three isolates of the species Funneliformis mosseae and two species of the genus Rhizoglomus, originated from geographically distant areas and cultured in vivo. Our results showed that partial PT1 sequences not only successfully differentiated AMF genera and species like ribosomal gene sequences but also highlighted intraspecific diversity among F. mosseae and F. coronatus isolates. The study of functional genes related to the uptake of key mineral nutrients for the assessment of AMF diversity represents a key step in the selection of efficient isolates to be used as inocula in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Associated Microbiota as Plant Biostimulants: Research Strategies for the Selection of the Best Performing Inocula

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giovannini ◽  
Michela Palla ◽  
Monica Agnolucci ◽  
Luciano Avio ◽  
Cristiana Sbrana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Amf Diversity ◽  
Nutrient Transporter ◽  
Colonization Ability

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil microorganisms establishing mutualistic symbioses with the roots of the most important food crops and playing key roles in the maintenance of long-term soil fertility and health. The great inter- and intra-specific AMF diversity can be fully exploited by selecting AMF inocula on the basis of their colonization ability and efficiency, which are affected by fungal and plant genotypes and diverse environmental variables. The multiple services provided by AMF are the result of the synergistic activities of the bacterial communities living in the mycorrhizosphere, encompassing nitrogen fixation, P solubilization, and the production of phytohormones, siderophores, and antibiotics. The tripartite association among host plants, mycorrhizal symbionts, and associated bacteria show beneficial emerging properties which could be efficiently exploited in sustainable agriculture. Further in-depth studies, both in microcosms and in the field, performed on different AMF species and isolates, should evaluate their colonization ability, efficiency, and resilience. Transcriptomic studies can reveal the expression levels of nutrient transporter genes in fungal absorbing hyphae in the presence of selected bacterial strains. Eventually, newly designed multifunctional microbial consortia can be utilized as biofertilizers and biostimulants in sustainable and innovative production systems.

scholarly journals Biodiversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Araucaria angustifolia forest

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Moreira ◽  
Dilmar Baretta ◽  
Siu Mui Tsai ◽  
Sandra Maria Gomes-da-Costa ◽  
Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. is an endangered Brazilian coniferous tree that has been almost exterminated in the native areas because of uncontrolled wood exploitation. This tree has been shown to be highly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and, therefore, AMF may be essential for forest sustainability and biological diversity. Root colonization, density and diversity of AMF spores were assessed in two Araucaria forest stands at the State Park of Alto Ribeira (PETAR), at two sampling dates: May and October. A comparison was made between a mature native stand composed of Araucaria trees mixed into a variety of tropical trees and shrubs, without any sign of anthropogenic interference (FN) and an Araucaria stand planted in 1987 (R), which has been used as a pasture. Assessments included percent root colonization, AMF spore numbers and species richness, Simpson's dominance index (Is), and Shannon's diversity index (H). Mycorrhizal root colonization did not differ between ecosystems in May. In October, however, the native stand (FN) presented a higher colonization than the planted forest (R), and the root colonization was more intense than in May. When considering both sampling periods and forests, 27 species of AM fungi, with higher numbers of spores in FN than in R were found. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) indicated Shannon's diversity index as the ecological attribute that contributed the most to distinguish between forest ecosystems, with higher value of H in FN in relation to R. CDA showed to be a useful tool for the study of ecological attributes.

scholarly journals Anthropic Impacts on Microbiota and Chemical Properties of Cerrado Soil Through Soybean Cultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
J. Henrique ◽  
J. M. R. da Luz ◽  
J. J. Carvalho ◽  
J. G. D. Silva ◽  
J. E. C. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

Population growth and improved gross domestic product may increase food consumption. Soybean is the main source of protein, lipids and mineral salts for human and domestic animals’ foods. Brazil is responsible of most of the soybeans produced in the world. However, soybean production in Tocantins/Brazil state caused a decrease in the Cerrado’s biome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anthropic impact of planting of soybean on microbial and physical-chemical properties of Cerrado’s soil. Soil samples were collected in three soybean farms (SF) of the Tocantins/Brazil state. They were collected in the soybean field, in native vegetation field, and in anthropogenic fragmentation area in the dry and wet seasons. The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Regardless of the SF, physico-chemical indicators did not present significant differences between the seasons. The DGGE profiles of NFB and AMF genes were different between the soybean field and native vegetation field in both seasons. The viable cells counts and NFBs and AMFs diversity were influenced by the substitution of native vegetation for soybean. The increase of the agricultural production in Cerrado soil is worrisome, due to the endemic microorganisms that was observed in this study. In addition, anthropic action on the microbial community was more effective in the soybean field during the dry season, which showed the importance of maintaining an environmental reserve area within agricultural production units.

scholarly journals Organic farming practices in a desert habitat increased the abundance, richness, and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ♣

2020 ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Kutty Mullath ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Byju N. Govindan ◽  
Laila Al Dhaheri ◽  
Sarah Symanczik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Native Plant

Agricultural practices are known to affect the diversity and efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in improving overall plant performance. In the present study we aimed to compare the abundance, richness, and diversity of AMF communities under organic farming of a desert ecosystem in the Arabian Peninsula with those of an adjacent conventional farming system and native vegetation. In total, 12 sites, including six plant species, were sampled from both farming systems and the native site. Spore morphotyping revealed 24 AMF species, with 21 species in the organic farming system, compared to 14 species in the conventional site and none from rhizosphere soil of a native plant (Tetraena qatarensis). The AMF spore abundance, species richness, and Shannon–Weaver diversity index were high under organic farming. In both systems, the AMF community composition and abundance associated with different crops followed similar trends, with pomegranates having the highest values followed by limes, grapes, mangoes, and lemons. Our results show that organic farming in such a desert ecosystem promotes AMF diversity. These data imply that AMF might play an important role in the sustainable production of food in resource-limited desert habitats.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Ghana: Effect of Regional Locations and Soil Factors on Diversity and Community Assembly

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie Sarkodee-Addo ◽  
Michiko Yasuda ◽  
Chol Gyu Lee ◽  
Makoto Kanasugi ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Amf Diversity

Understanding the community composition and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in an agricultural ecosystem is important for exploiting their potential in sustainable crop production. In this study, we described the genetic diversity and community structure of indigenous AMF in rain-fed rice cultivars across six different regions in Ghana. The morphological and molecular analyses revealed a total of 15 different AMF genera isolated from rice roots. Rhizophagus and Glomus were observed to be predominant in all regions except the Ashanti region, which was dominated by the genera Scutellospora and Acaulospora. A comparison of AMF diversity among the agroecological zones revealed that Guinea Savannah had the highest diversity. Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) analysis indicated that the available phosphorus (AP) in the soil was the principal determining factor for shaping the AMF community structure (p < 0.05). We report, for the first time, AMF diversity and community structure in rice roots and how communities are affected by the chemical properties of soil from different locations in Ghana.

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