Impacts of colder and hotter climates on richer and poorer people’s daily functioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
E Van de Vliert ◽  
M Joshanloo
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Collective Levels ◽  
Rich People ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Gallup World Poll

The old idea of climatic determinism of people’s thinking and acting is misleading because people continuously strive to create control over their lives. Perceived control over courses of action is often reduced by cold-induced or heat-induced stress. To restore control, rich people tend to use active internal strategies (e.g. buying or organizing) whereas poor people tend to adopt passive external strategies (e.g. seeking help or praying). To what extent might that strategic asymmetry in restoring control under stressful climate conditions affect psychosocial functioning? Here, we tentatively addressed this question by analyzing Gallup World Poll responses from 393948 inhabitants of 145 countries. Our multi-level findings suggest that both colder-than-temperate and hotter-than-temperate climates are positively linked to the psychosocial functioning of richer people, but negatively associated with the psychosocial functioning of poorer people. Additionally, poorer people tend to live less free and effective lives in colder than in hotter climates. These conscious and unconscious links among temperature-induced stresses, wealth-induced resources, and psychosocial functioning are cross-validated at individual and collective levels between eastern and western parts of the Earth. The results open up new windows on climato-economic theorizing, modelling and policy making.

Madri single che lavorano: uno studio longitudinale

2009 ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Tess Ridge ◽  
Jane Millar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Lone Parents ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Rich People ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
The Uk

- Analysis of poverty dynamics based on large-scale survey data shows that there is limited mobility across the income distribution for most individuals and families. Some people may get better-off over the lifecourse, as their careers develop and wages rise, but overall most poor people do not become very rich and most rich people do not become very poor. Lone parents are at high risk of poverty in the UK, but this poverty risk is reduced for those who are in employment and who receive state financial support through Tax Credits to supplement their wages. This article reports on longitudinal qualitative research which has involved repeat interviews with lone mothers and their children over a period of three to four years. The analysis here explores the experiences of sustaining employment while living on a low, but complex, income and highlights the challenges faced in seeking financial security in this context.

scholarly journals A short history of climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Dirk Notz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Short History ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
First Time

The flux of energy through the climate system determines the living conditions of our planet. In this contribution, I outline the main processes regulating this flux of energy, how these processes have changed throughout Earth history, and how today they are changing by human activities, in particular by activities related to energy production. The changes in the climate state of our planet, which have been ongoing ever since the formation of the Earth some 5 billion years ago, have shaped the world we live in today. Yet, today’s climate change is special in two overarching ways. First, it is the first time that a major climate change is globally affecting a civilisation that is perfectly adapted to thousands of years of stable climate conditions. Second, today’s climate change is occurring at a rate much faster than preceding natural climate changes. In combination, these two factors make today’s climate change a unique challenge to humankind, with direct consequences of future energy production as outlined in the other contributions to this volume.

scholarly journals Masyarakat Miskin dan Pelayanan Kesehatan di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Ferdinandus Kainakaimu
Keyword(s):  
Community Health Center ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Insurance Program ◽  
Health Insurance Program ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
Rich People

Health condition in Bolaang Mongondow District specialy is categorized low compared to other more advanced regions. By using qualitative methods, this article clarifies poor families’ access to healthcare in Bolaang Mongondow and identifying internal and external difficulties in accessing one. The informants are categorizedas providers and clients of healthcare, specially poor families holding Askeskin (health insurance program for poor people) card that have experience in accessing healthcare in puskesmas (community health center). The result indicates that 1)poor family’s access to healthcare in Bolaang Mongondow is not yet optimum. When they were ill, the Askeskin holders should decide either to take care of themselves or seek for medical treatment from private hospitals. Ironically, some rich people get the Askeskin card also. The poor families sometimes were charged additional fees to cover such healthcare as childbearing and maternal and infant healthcare; 2) internal factors in accessing the healthcare (from Askeskin card holders themselves) and external factors that came from the providers of healthcare in giving services to poor families.Kondisi kesehatan di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow tergolong rendah dibandingkan dengan daerah lainnya. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, artikel ini menjelaskan akses keluarga miskin terhadap layanan kesehatan di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow dan mengidentifikasi kesulitan internal dan eksternal ketika mengaksesnya. Informan adalah penyedia layanan dan kliennya, khususnya keluarga miskin pemegang Askeskin (program asuransi kesehatan untuk orang miskin). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) akses keluarga miskin terhadap kesehatan di Bolaang Mongondow belum optimal. Ketika mereka sakit, pemegang Askeskin harus memutuskan apakah mengobati sendiri atau berobat rumah sakit swasta. Ironisnya, beberapa orang kaya mendapatkan kartu Askeskin juga. Keluarga miskin kadang-kadang dibebani biaya tambahan untuk menutup kesehatan, seperti kesehatan melahirkan anak dan ibu dan bayi. 2) Faktor internal dalam mengakses pelayanan kesehatan (dari pemegang kartu Askeskin) dan faktor eksternal yang berasal dari penyedia layanan kesehatan dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat miskin keluarga

Can the Poor People Ceta Robot, orjustthe Rich People

1981 ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Alfred Pasatiempo Sr. ◽  
Bob Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Poor People ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rich People

Impact of Workplace Spirituality on Knowledge Sharing Intention: A Conceptual Framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Khari ◽  
Shuchi Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Collective Levels ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
And Control

Knowledge forms a crucial source for gaining competitive advantage and its sharing a dominant challenge facing several organizations. In this paper we propose a positive role of workplace spirituality (WPS) (at individual and collective levels) on knowledge sharing intention (KSI) by employing the theory of decomposed planned behaviour. We argue that WPS with its focus on inner spirit, meaningful work, sense of interconnectedness and alignment with organizational values and mission positively strengthens an individual’s knowledge sharing attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural controls (thereby, strengthening their KSI) by affecting the underlying behavioural, normative and control beliefs. We also take into account the role of transformational leadership (TL) in creating a pro-social working environment, which facilitates knowledge sharing. In proposing a holistic and multi-level framework linking WPS (at individual and collective levels) and TL with KSI, this paper contributes to both, knowledge sharing and WPS literatures.

Ethnicity on the Sleeve and Class in the Heart

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Corstange
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
Rich People ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
List Experiment ◽  
The Rich

Are voting rights a class or an ethnic issue? They are both in the diverse societies of the developing world, yet the salience of ethnicity in public discourse frequently compels people to articulate identity demands that may be inconsistent with their material interests, particularly among the rich. This article examines these ideas with an augmented list experiment about illiterate voting rights in Lebanon. Consistent with received wisdom, direct questions yield identity-based answers in which Shiites are more supportive of voting rights than are Sunnis or Christians. Unobtrusive questions, in contrast, yield answers about material deprivation in which poor people are more supportive of illiterate voting than are rich people. The divergence between public statements and private preferences helps to reconcile theoretical predictions that people respond to material incentives with empirical findings that they pursue identity interests.

scholarly journals Subjective well-being across the retirement transition – historical differences and the role of perceived control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Henning ◽  
Dikla Segel-Karaps ◽  
Andreas Stenling ◽  
Oliver Huxhold
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Retirement Transition

Given substantial cohort differences in psychosocial functioning, for example perceived control, and ongoing pension reforms, the context of retirement has changed over the last decades. However, there is limited research on the consequences of such developments on historical differences in subjective well-being in the retirement transition. In the present study, we investigated historical differences in change in life satisfaction and positive affect across the retirement transition. We included perceived control as a potential mechanism behind these differences. Analyses were based on sub-samples of retirees among three nationally-representative samples of the German Ageing Survey (1996; 2002; 2008) and their respective follow-ups 6 years later. Results showed historical improvements in pre-retirement positive affect (i.e., later samples had higher pre-retirement levels), however, earlier samples showed a larger increase in positive affect across the retirement transition compared to later samples. No historical differences were found in life satisfaction. Perceived control showed no historical improvement and did not seem to contribute to historical differences in subjective well-being. Nevertheless, we found that the role of perceived control for positive affect seemingly increased over historical time. The results showed that the historical context seems to play a role in the experience of retirement, and that it is helpful to distinguish between cognitive-evaluative (e.g., life satisfaction) and affective components (e.g., positive affect) of well-being.

Climate Change and Ownership of the Atmosphere

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Risse
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Fair Division ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Collective Ownership ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Ownership Status ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Common Ownership ◽  
Division Scheme

This chapter explores the implications of Common Ownership for duties resulting from climate change. It explains what we can learn from the standpoint of collective ownership of the earth about how to distribute burdens from mitigation and adaptation specifically among states. To this end, the chapter considers the ownership status of the atmosphere and ways of thinking about a fair division of burdens. It shows that, as an obligation of justice, regulating access to the absorptive capacity of the atmosphere is required to make sure the basic climate conditions of the earth are preserved. It argues that access to the absorptive capacity of the earth ought to be regulated by a fair-division scheme. It is an obligation of justice that access to that capacity be regulated, and it is a demand of reasonable conduct that such regulation be done by a fair-division scheme.

scholarly journals Client Perceptions of Helpfulness in Therapy: a Novel Video-Rating Methodology for Examining Process Variables at Brief Intervals During a Single Session

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra A. Cocklin ◽  
Warren Mansell ◽  
Richard Emsley ◽  
Phil McEvoy ◽  
Chloe Preston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Rating Method ◽  
Multi Level

Background: The value of clients’ reports of their experiences in therapy is widely recognized, yet quantitative methodology has rarely been used to measure clients’ self-reported perceptions of what is helpful over a single session. Aims: A video-rating method using was developed to gather data at brief intervals using process measures of client perceived experience and standardized measures of working alliance (Session Rating Scale; SRS). Data were collected over the course of a single video-recorded session of cognitive therapy (Method of Levels Therapy; Carey, 2006; Mansell et al., 2012). We examined the acceptability and feasibility of the methodology and tested the concurrent validity of the measure by utilizing theory-led constructs. Method: Eighteen therapy sessions were video-recorded and clients each rated a 20-minute session of therapy at two-minute intervals using repeated measures. A multi-level analysis was used to test for correlations between perceived levels of helpfulness and client process variables. Results: The design proved to be feasible. Concurrent validity was borne out through high correlations between constructs. A multi-level regression examined the independent contributions of client process variables to client perceived helpfulness. Client perceived control (b = 0.39, 95% CI .05 to 0.73), the ability to talk freely (b = 0.30, SE = 0.11, 95% CI .09 to 0.51) and therapist approach (b = 0.31, SE = 0.14, 95% CI .04 to 0.57) predicted client-rated helpfulness. Conclusions: We identify a feasible and acceptable method for studying continuous measures of helpfulness and their psychological correlates during a single therapy session.

Constraints in livestock research limiting animal production's contribution to socio-economic development

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
F. Dolberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Rich People ◽  
Science Community ◽  
The Third World

AbstractAn important underlying concept of the paper is the observation by Dr R. Chambers that ‘poor people in developing countries hold the solution while unchanged behaviour of rich people, irrespective of place is very much part of the problem’. It is argued that it is equally important to know, and perhaps make changes, in the value systems, models of reality and cultures of those providing technical assistance (in this case the animal science community) as of those being assisted.It is noted that so far the contribution of livestock research to increased animal production among rural smallholders has been meager. Some of the constraints in livestock research to socio-economic development are discussed under the following broad headings: some recent thoughts on science, scientists, and development, the contribution so far, context and priorities and communication.It is concluded that the present first constraint in animal production research is relevant senior scientific leadership. It is also concluded that a positive strategy can be identified, which starts by placing more emphasis on exposing first-world scientists to the context of the third-world farmer as such an exposure is expected ultimately to lead to a change in research priorities.

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