Evidence for dependency of bacterial growth on enzymatic hydrolysis of particulate organic matter in the mesopelagic ocean

Hydrolysis and degradation of particulate organic matter has been isolated and investigated in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilters. Wastewater was supplied to biofilm reactors in order to accumulate particulates from wastewater in the filter. When synthetic wastewater with no organic matter was supplied to the reactors, hydrolysis of the particulates was the only process occurring. Results from the laboratory scale experiments under aerobic conditions with pre-settled wastewater show that the initial removal rate is high: rV, O2 = 2.1 kg O2/(m3 d) though fast declining towards a much slower rate. A mass balance of carbon (TOC/TIC) shows that only 10% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 12 hour long experiment. The pilot scale hydrolysis experiment was performed in a new type of biofilm reactor - the B2A® biofilter that is characterised by a series of decreasing sized granular media (80-2.5 mm). When hydrolysis experiments were performed on the anoxic pilot biofilter with pre-screened wastewater particulates as carbon source, a rapid (rV, NO3=0.7 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) and a slowler (rV, NO3 = 0.3 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) removal rate were observed at an oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg O2/l. It was found that the pilot biofilter could retain significant amounts of particulate organic matter, reducing the porosity of the filter media of an average from 0.35 to 0.11. A mass balance of carbon shows that up to 40% of the total incoming TOC accumulates in the filter at high flow rates. Only up to 15% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 24 hour long experiment.

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Cooperation and spatial self-organization determine rate and efficiency of particulate organic matter degradation in marine bacteria

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1908512116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (46) ◽

pp. 23309-23316 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ali Ebrahimi ◽

Julia Schwartzman ◽

Otto X. Cordero

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Public Goods ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Particulate Organic Matter ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Cell Aggregation ◽

Self Organization ◽

Turnover Rates ◽

Particulate Carbon ◽

Hydrolysis Of

The recycling of particulate organic matter (POM) by microbes is a key part of the global carbon cycle. This process is mediated by the extracellular hydrolysis of polysaccharides, which can trigger social behaviors in bacteria resulting from the production of public goods. Despite the potential importance of public good-mediated interactions, their relevance in the environment remains unclear. In this study, we developed a computational and experimental model system to address this challenge and studied how the POM depolymerization rate and its uptake efficiency (2 main ecosystem function parameters) depended on social interactions and spatial self-organization on particle surfaces. We found an emergent trade-off between rate and efficiency resulting from the competition between oligosaccharide diffusion and cellular uptake, with low rate and high efficiency being achieved through cell-to-cell cooperation between degraders. Bacteria cooperated by aggregating in cell clusters of ∼10 to 20 µm, in which cells were able to share public goods. This phenomenon, which was independent of any explicit group-level regulation, led to the emergence of critical cell concentrations below which degradation did not occur, despite all resources being available in excess. In contrast, when particles were labile and turnover rates were high, aggregation promoted competition and decreased the efficiency of carbon use. Our study shows how social interactions and cell aggregation determine the rate and efficiency of particulate carbon turnover in environmentally relevant scenarios.

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of ester sulphate in soil organic matter extracts

Biology and Fertility of Soils ◽

10.1007/bf00336259 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 112-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

G. Lou ◽

P. R. Warman

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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Characteristics of the Biochemical Composition and Bioavailability of Phytoplankton-Derived Particulate Organic Matter in the Chukchi Sea, Arctic

Water ◽

10.3390/w12092355 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2355

Author(s):

Bo Kim ◽

Jinyoung Jung ◽

Youngju Lee ◽

Kyoung-Ho Cho ◽

Jong-Ku Gal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Particulate Organic Matter ◽

Biochemical Composition ◽

Chukchi Sea ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Food Utilization ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Bioavailable Fraction

Analysis of the biochemical composition (carbohydrates, CHO; proteins, PRT; lipids, LIP) of particulate organic matter (POM, mainly phytoplankton) is used to assess trophic states, and the quantity of food material is generally assessed to determine bioavailability; however, bioavailability is reduced or changed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Here, we investigated the current trophic state and bioavailability of phytoplankton in the Chukchi Sea (including the Chukchi Borderland) during the summer of 2017. Based on a cluster analysis, our 12 stations were divided into three groups: the southern, middle, and northern parts of the Chukchi Sea. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that relatively nutrient-rich and high-temperature waters in the southern part of the Chukchi Sea enhanced the microphytoplankton biomass, while picophytoplankton were linked to a high contribution of meltwater derived from sea ice melting in the northern part of the sea. The total PRT accounted for 41.8% (±7.5%) of the POM in the southern part of the sea, and this contribution was higher than those in the middle (26.5 ± 7.5%) and northern (26.5 ± 10.6%) parts, whereas the CHO accounted for more than half of the total POM in the northern parts. As determined by enzymatic hydrolysis, LIP were more rapidly mineralized in the southern part of the Chukchi Sea, whereas CHO were largely used as source of energy for higher trophic levels in the northern part of the Chukchi Sea. Specifically, the bioavailable fraction of POM in the northern part of the Chukchi Sea was higher than it was in the other parts. The findings indicate that increasing meltwater and a low nutrient supply lead to smaller cell sizes of phytoplankton and their taxa (flagellate and green algae) with more CHO and a negative effect on the total concentration of POM. However, in terms of bioavailability (food utilization), which determines the rate at which digested food is used by consumers, potentially available food could have positive effects on ecosystem functioning.

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Processes and modeling of hydrolysis of particulate organic matter in aerobic wastewater treatment – a review

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2002.0091 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 25-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

E. Morgenroth ◽

R. Kommedal ◽

P. Harremoës

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Particulate Organic Matter ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Aerobic Wastewater Treatment ◽

One Step ◽

Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽

Removal Processes ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Carbon cycling and the availability of organic carbon for nutrient removal processes are in most wastewater treatment systems restricted by the rate of hydrolysis of slowly biodegradable (particulate) organic matter. To date, the mechanisms of hydrolysis are not well understood for complex substrates and mixed populations. Most mathematical models use a simple one-step process to describe hydrolysis. In this article, mechanisms of hydrolysis and mathematical models to describe these processes in wastewater treatment processes are reviewed. Experimental techniques to determine mechanisms of hydrolysis and rate constants are discussed.

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Influence of cladoceran grazing activity on dissolved organic matter, enzymatic hydrolysis and bacterial growth

Journal of Plankton Research ◽

10.1093/plankt/23.11.1249 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 1249-1261 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Richardot

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Dissolved Organic Matter ◽

Bacterial Growth

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Hydrolysis of particulate organic matter from municipal wastewater under aerobic treatment

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 263 ◽

pp. 128329 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alondra Alvarado ◽

Stephanie West ◽

Gudrun Abbt-Braun ◽

Harald Horn

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Particulate Organic Matter ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Aerobic Treatment ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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Relating particulate organic matter-nitrogen (POM-N) and non-POM-N with pulse crop residues, residue management and cereal N uptake

Agronomie ◽

10.1051/agro:2002056 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (7-8) ◽

pp. 777-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Graeme D. Schwenke ◽

Warwick L. Felton ◽

David F. Herridge ◽

Dil F. Khan ◽

Mark B. Peoples

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Particulate Organic Matter ◽

Crop Residues ◽

N Uptake ◽

Residue Management ◽

Pulse Crop

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Macrophyte-derived detritus in shallow coastal waters contributes to suspended particulate organic matter and increases growth rates of Mytilus edulis

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13314 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 644 ◽

pp. 91-103

Author(s):

D Bearham ◽

MA Vanderklift ◽

RA Downie ◽

DP Thomson ◽

LA Clementson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Mytilus Edulis ◽

Particulate Organic Matter ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Gill Tissue ◽

Suspension Feeder ◽

Food Sources ◽

Suspension Feeders ◽

Blue Mussels ◽

Suspended Particulate

Benthic suspension feeders, such as bivalves, potentially have several different food sources, including plankton and resuspended detritus of benthic origin. We hypothesised that suspension feeders are likely to feed on detritus if it is present. This inference would be further strengthened if there was a correlation between δ13C of suspension feeder tissue and δ13C of particulate organic matter (POM). Since detritus is characterised by high particulate organic matter (POC):chl a ratios, we would also predict a positive correlation between POM δ13C and POC:chl a. We hypothesised that increasing depth and greater distance from shore would produce a greater nutritional reliance by experimentally transplanted blue mussels Mytilus edulis on plankton rather than macrophyte-derived detritus. After deployments of 3 mo duration in 2 different years at depths from 3 to 40 m, M. edulis sizes were positively correlated with POM concentrations. POC:chl a ratios and δ13C of POM and M. edulis gill tissue decreased with increasing depth (and greater distance from shore). δ13C of POM was correlated with δ13C of M. edulis. Our results suggest that detritus comprised a large proportion of POM at shallow depths (<15 m), that M. edulis ingested and assimilated carbon in proportion to its availability in POM, and that growth of M. edulis was higher where detritus was present and POM concentrations were higher.

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