Anti-Obesity Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet Is Independent of Cold-Induced Thermogenesis

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) exert beneficial effects on health and they could help to prevent development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. In our previous studies in mice fed high-fat (cHF; ~60 % calories as fat) diet and maintained at 20 °C, dietary LC n-3 PUFA could counteract accretion of body fat, without inducing mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in adipose tissue, suggesting that the anti-obesity effect was not linked to adaptive (UCP1-mediated) thermogenesis. To exclude a possible dependence of the anti-obesity effect on any mechanism inducible by cold, experiments were repeated in mice maintained at thermoneutrality (30 °C). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either cHF diet, or cHF diet supplemented with LC n-3 PUFA, or standard diet for 7 months. Similarly as at 20 °C, the LC n-3 PUFA supplementation reduced accumulation of body fat, preserved lipid and glucose homeostasis, and induced fatty acid re-esterification in epididymal white adipose tissue. Food consumption was not affected by LC n-3 PUFA intake. Our results demonstrated anti-obesity metabolic effect of LC n-3 PUFA, independent of cold-induced thermogenesis and they suggested that induction of fatty acid re-esterification creating a substrate cycle in white fat, which results in energy expenditure, could contribute to the anti-obesity effect.

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Metabolism and secretory function of white adipose tissue: effect of dietary fat

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652009000300010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 453-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Cláudia M. Oller do Nascimento ◽

Eliane B. Ribeiro ◽

Lila M. Oyama

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Secretory Function ◽

High Fat ◽

Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽

Tissue Metabolism

Approximately 40% of the total energy consumed by western populations is represented by lipids, most of them being ingested as triacylglycerols and phospholipids. The focus of this review is to analyze the effect of the type of dietary fat on white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory function, particularly on haptoglobin, TNF-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin secretion. Previous studies have demonstrated that the duration of the exposure to the high-fat feeding, amount of fatty acid present in the diet and the type of fatty acid may or may not have a significant effect on adipose tissue metabolism. However, the long-term or short-term high fat diets, especially rich in saturated fatty acids, probably by activation of toll-like receptors, stimulated the expression of proinflammatory adipokines and inhibited adiponectin expression. Further studies are needed to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids affect white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory functions.

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Fatty acid composition of subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissue in east Balkan pigs

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1504543p ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 543-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. Popova ◽

J. Nakev ◽

Y. Marchev

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Intramuscular Adipose Tissue

The aim of this study was to provide information on the fatty acid profile of different adipose depots - subcutaneous (upper and inner backfat layers) and intramuscular (m. Longissimus dorsi) in East Balkan pigs. The animals were reared in free-range conditions and slaughtered at an average live weight of 107?1.65kg. The results of the study showed that the various adipose tissues in pigs have different lipid metabolism and hence differ in their fatty acid composition. Intramuscular fat had significantly higher content of the saturated C16:0 and C18:0 (P<0.001), as well as the C16:1 (P<0.001) than the subcutaneous fat. In regards to the content of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, the latter displayed considerably higher content of both C18:2 and C18:3 (P<0.001) in comparison to the intramuscular fat in m. Longissimus dorsi. The differences between the subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissue in the individual fatty acids determined the similar trend of change in the total content of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Significant differences between the backfat layers were detected for C16:1, C18:0 and C18:3 (P<0.001). Stearic acid (C18:0) displayed higher content of the inner, while both C16:1 and C18:3 had higher proportion in the outer backfat layer in the East Balkan pigs. Except for C20:2, the long chain polyunsaturated n-6 and n-3 fatty acids had significantly higher proportions in the intramuscular fat, however no differences were determined between the two backfat layers.

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The Decrease of n-3 Fatty Acid Energy Percentage in an Equicaloric Diet Fed to B6C3Fe Mice for Three Generations Elicits Obesity

Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1155/2009/867041 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ingeborg Hanbauer ◽

Ignacio Rivero-Covelo ◽

Ekrem Maloku ◽

Adam Baca ◽

Qiaoyan Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Carbon Chain ◽

Standard Diet

Feeding mice, over 3 generations, an equicaloric diet in which α-linolenic acid, the dietary precursor of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, was substituted by linoleic acid, the dietary precursor of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, significantly increased body weight throughout life when compared with standard diet-fed mice. Adipogenesis observed in the low n-3 fatty acid mice was accompanied by a 6-fold upregulation of stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1), whose activity is correlated to plasma triglyceride levels. In total liver lipid and phospholipid extracts, the sum of n-3 fatty acids and the individual longer carbon chain acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) were significantly decreased whereas arachidonic acid (20:4n6) was significantly increased. In addition, low n-3 fatty acid-fed mice had liver steatosis, heart, and kidney hypertrophy. Hence, reducing dietary α-linolenic acid, from 1.02 energy% to 0.16 energy% combined with raising linoleic acid intake resulted in obesity and had detrimental consequences on organ function.

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Zat gizi, massa lemak tubuh, dan tekanan darah pada wanita vegetarian dan nonvegetarian berusia 20-30 tahun

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.6.1.17-28 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 17-28

Author(s):

Stela Maris Adinda Budi Kirana ◽

Etisa Adi Murbawani ◽

Binar Panunggal

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Saturated Fatty Acid ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Body Fat Mass

Background : Vegetarians tend to have a risk of underfat. Several studies have reported that vegetarians have lower fat and higher fiber intake, lower body fat mass and blood pressure than nonvegetarians. There are only few studies about those variabels in 20-30 year-old subject. Objective : To analyze the difference of nutrients intake, body fat mass, and blood pressure between 20-30-year-old vegetarian and nonvegetarian women.Methods : Cross-sectional study design in 26 vegetarian women and 26 nonvegetarian women who was selected by consecutive sampling. Nutrients intake were obtained by Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionaire (SQFFQ) and analyzed by Nutrisurvey. Body fat mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Blood pressure was measured using Mercury sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test.Result : There were 38.5% of vegetarians and 3.8% of nonvegetarians classified as underfat. There were 30.7% of vegetarians and 50% of nonvegetarians classified as prehypertension. There were difference in fat (p=0.005), saturated fatty acid (p=0.000), monounsaturated fatty acids (p=0.002), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p=0.043), fiber (p=0.000), potassium (p=0.000), magnesium (p=0.004); body fat mass (p=0.021); and sistolic blood pressure (p=0.004) between both of groups. There weren’t difference energy intake (p=0.098), carbohydrate (p=0.207), protein (p=0.535), sodium (p=0.784), calcium (p=0.798), and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.799) between both of groups.Conclusion : Between vegetarian group and nonvegetarian group, there were difference in fat, saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, potassium, magnesium intake; body fat mass; and sistolic blood pressure. However, there weren’t diffference in energy, carbohydrate, protein, sodium, calcium intake, and diastolic blood pressure between vegetarian group and nonvegetarian group

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Thyroxine 5'-deiodinase in brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1986.251.1.e8 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 251 (1) ◽

pp. E8-E13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Kopecky ◽

L. Sigurdson ◽

I. R. Park ◽

J. Himms-Hagen

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

High Fat ◽

Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽

Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein ◽

Endogenous Production ◽

Deiodinase Activity ◽

Brown Adipose

Myopathic Syrian hamsters (BIO 14.6) have less brown adipose tissue (BAT) than normal. The trophic response of this tissue to cold is smaller than normal and trophic responses to diet and to photoperiod are absent. The objective was to find out whether activity of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase in their BAT was increased normally in response to cold and thus whether a defect in endogenous production of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine might underlie the attenuated trophic response. The effect of feeding a high-fat diet on activity of 5'-deiodinase was also studied. Cold acclimation increased thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity in BAT of the myopathic hamster, but the total remained smaller than normal because of the smaller size. The cold-induced increase in concentration of mitochondrial uncoupling protein was also smaller than normal. The level of serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine was low in myopathic hamsters and remained lower than normal when they were cold-exposed or cold acclimated. Feeding the high-fat diet to myopathic hamsters resulted in a greater than normal suppression of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity than in normal hamsters; the normal increases in protein content and in concentration of mitochondrial uncoupling protein were absent. We conclude that the defective trophic response of BAT of the myopathic hamster is not secondary to defective regulation of its thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity because this activity does not appear to be obligatorily linked to hypertrophy of BAT. The low level of serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in the myopathic hamster may be secondary to reduced capacity for peripheral thyroxine deiodination in its BAT.

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Diet Supplementation in ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Favors an Anti-Inflammatory Basal Environment in Mouse Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11020438 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 438 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cecilia Colson ◽

Rayane Ghandour ◽

Océane Dufies ◽

Samah Rekima ◽

Agnès Loubat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

M2 Macrophage ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Diet Supplementation

Oxylipins are metabolized from dietary ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in an inflammatory response. Adipose tissue inflammatory background is a key factor of metabolic disorders and it is accepted that dietary fatty acids, in terms of quality and quantity, modulate oxylipin synthesis in this tissue. Moreover, it has been reported that diet supplementation in ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids resolves some inflammatory situations. Thus, it is crucial to assess the influence of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on oxylipin synthesis and their impact on adipose tissue inflammation. To this end, mice fed an ω6- or ω3-enriched standard diet (ω6/ω3 ratio of 30 and 3.75, respectively) were analyzed for inflammatory phenotype and adipose tissue oxylipin content. Diet enrichment with an ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid induced an increase in the oxylipins derived from ω6 linoleic acid, ω3 eicosapentaenoic, and ω3 docosahexaenoic acids in brown and white adipose tissues. Among these, the level of pro-resolving mediator intermediates, as well as anti-inflammatory metabolites, were augmented. Concomitantly, expressions of M2 macrophage markers were increased without affecting inflammatory cytokine contents. In vitro, these metabolites did not activate macrophages but participated in macrophage polarization by inflammatory stimuli. In conclusion, we demonstrated that an ω3-enriched diet, in non-obesogenic non-inflammatory conditions, induced synthesis of oxylipins which were involved in an anti-inflammatory response as well as enhancement of the M2 macrophage molecular signature, without affecting inflammatory cytokine secretion.

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Adipose Tissue Modification through Feeding Strategies and Their Implication on Adipogenesis and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Ruminants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21093183 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 3183

Author(s):

Olaia Urrutia ◽

José Antonio Mendizabal ◽

Leopoldo Alfonso ◽

Beatriz Soret ◽

Kizkitza Insausti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Dietary Pufa ◽

Pufa Supplementation

Dietary recommendations by health authorities have been advising of the importance of diminishing saturated fatty acids (SFA) consumption and replacing them by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3. Therefore, there have been efforts to enhance food fatty acid profiles, helping them to meet human nutritional recommendations. Ruminant meat is the major dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) source, but it also contains SFA at relatively high proportions, deriving from ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA. Additionally, lipid metabolism in ruminants may differ from other species. Recent research has aimed to modify the fatty acid profile of meat, and other animal products. This review summarizes dietary strategies based on the n-3 PUFA supplementation of ruminant diets and their effects on meat fatty acid composition. Additionally, the role of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue (AT) development and in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism is discussed. It has been demonstrated that linseed supplementation leads to an increase in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whilst fish oil and algae increase DHA content. Dietary PUFA can alter AT adiposity and modulate lipid metabolism genes expression, although further research is required to clarify the underlying mechanism.

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Effect of inclusion rate and withdrawal of full-fat rapeseed on the performance and carcass fatty acid profile of finishing pigs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200590371 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1995 ◽

pp. 39-39

Author(s):

B. P. Gill ◽

S. McCone ◽

G. E. Onibi ◽

S. Peatfield ◽

K. Gall

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Body Fat ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Early Withdrawal ◽

Inclusion Rate ◽

Ideal Protein

Full-fat rapeseed (FFR) is a nutrient rich product (containing about 400 g/kg oil and 180 g/kg ideal protein) and is used in pig diets at low inclusion rates (5 to 10%) as an energy supplement. Progress in the development of rapeseed varieties with lower levels of antinutrients and recent changes in subsidy payment have promoted interest in increased feeding of whole milled rapeseed to pigs. At higher levels of dietary inclusion, this may result in the problem of fat softness in the carcass as rapeseed oil contains high levels (32 g/100 g) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, this may be avoided by early withdrawal of FFR from the diet to allow mobilisation of PUFAs from body fat before slaughter. The aim was to evaluate the effect of inclusion rate and withdrawal of FFR on the performance and carcass fatty acid profile of finishing pigs.

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Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modify fatty acid composition in hepatic and abdominal adipose tissue of sucrose-induced obese rats

Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1007/s13105-011-0106-2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 595-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alfonso Alexander-Aguilera ◽

Silvia Berruezo ◽

Guillermo Hernández-Diaz ◽

Ofelia Angulo ◽

Rosamaria Oliart-Ros

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Obese Rats

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Circulating and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Composition in Black South African Women with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061619 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1619

Author(s):

Pamela A. Nono Nankam ◽

Paul J. van Jaarsveld ◽

Elin Chorell ◽

Melony C. Fortuin-de Smidt ◽

Kevin Adams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

South African ◽

Body Fat ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

African Women ◽

Black South African ◽

Fa Composition ◽

South African Women

Background and Aims: During positive energy balance, excess lipid storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is associated with increased lipolysis. Elevated circulating fatty acid (FA) concentrations from both SAT lipolysis and dietary fat intake may result in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, impairment of glucose metabolism, altogether increasing obesity-associated metabolic risks. We aimed to test the hypothesis that FA composition of red blood cell total phospholipids (RBC-TPL) and SAT is associated with body fat centralisation (VAT/SAT ratio) and insulin sensitivity (SI) in black South African women with obesity. Methods: Participants’ (n = 41) body fat composition and distribution, SI, and RBC-TPL, abdominal and gluteal SAT (gSAT) FA composition (gas-liquid chromatography) were measured. Results: RBC-TPL contained higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) than SAT (p < 0.001), which were associated with lower SI (p < 0.05). Mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1)-16 were lower, while poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase indices were higher in RBC-TPL than SAT (p < 0.001). Interestingly, FA profiles differed between SAT depots with higher SFAs and lower MUFAs, SCD1-16 and SCD1-18 indices in abdominal compared to gluteal SAT (p < 0.01). In both SAT depots, higher SFAs and lower PUFAs (n-3 and n-6) correlated with lower VAT/SAT ratio; and lower PUFAs (n-3 and n-6) and higher total MUFA correlated with higher SI. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the relationships between the FA composition of RBC-TPL and SAT and metabolic risk in black women with obesity, which are dependent on both the FA class, and the tissue type/blood compartment in which they are distributed.

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