Verbal Reports Influence on Pilot Flight Performance and Mental Stress Under Spatial Disorientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 948-955
Author(s):  
Yohan Kang ◽  
Myung Hwan Yun ◽  
Sungho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Spatial Disorientation ◽  
Instructor Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Distress Score ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Circumstances in flight can adversely affect a pilots spatial abilities and lead to spatial disorientation (SD), increasing the potential for fatal accidents. To systematically understand the impact of SD, it is important to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze pilots flight performance and mental stress, and to verify the effectiveness of verbal reports (VR) in enabling pilots to deal with an SD situation. This study investigated the effects of VR execution and type of SD on flight performance and mental stress.METHODS: SD simulation experiments were conducted on 30 Air Force fighter pilots (15 in the VR group and 15 in the non-VR group) with electrocardiography (ECG) sensors attached. The pilots gave their VRs by immediately verbalizing their attention to instrument information and six potentially disorientating scenarios were implemented in each flight phase. Flight performance was analyzed using instructor evaluation and self-evaluation scores, and mental stress was measured using heart rate variability (HRV) and perceived distress score.RESULTS: In maintaining flight performance, the VR group, respectively, had 8% and 10% higher scores for altitude and speed than the non-VR group. The self-evaluation scores were lowest for Coriolis, while Graveyard Spin was scored lowest in the instructor evaluations. Regarding mental stress, the VR group tended to have higher HFs and lower LF/HF ratios among HRV measures than the non-VR group, and an 11% lower perceived distress score. The highest perceived distress score was for Coriolis.DISCUSSION: We suggest that pilots can be assisted to understand and overcome SD situations through VR.Kang Y, Yun MH, Kim S. Verbal reports influence on pilot flight performance and mental stress under spatial disorientation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12):948955.

Flight Performance and Mental Stress of Pilots by Verbal Reports and Spatial Disorientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Yohan Kang ◽  
Myung Hwan Yun ◽  
Sungho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Stress ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Subjective Stress ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Spatial Disorientation ◽  
Instructor Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels

Spatial disorientation (SD) can adversely affect a pilot’s flight mission and cause critical flight accidents. To ensure a pilot’s flight safety, it is important to understand the impact of SD on a pilot’s flight performance and mental stress levels, and it is necessary to verify the effectiveness of using verbal reports (VR) for pilots to overcome SD without the aid of aeronautical systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the difference in pilot performance and mental stress levels by VR executions and SD types. In this study, simulated flight experiments were performed on thirty Air Force fighter pilots (fifteen VR and fifteen non-VR) using a SD simulator with an Electrocardiography (ECG) measurement sensor attached. The experimental data was analyzed with using two flight performance scales (instructor evaluation scores and self-evaluation scores) and two mental stress scales (heart rate variability (HRV) measures and subjective stress scores) by two VR executions (VR and non-VR) and six SD types (Somatogravic Illusion, Coriolis, Leans, False Horizon, Graveyard Spin, and Black Hole Illusion). The result of the experiment, in terms of flight performance, showed a significant difference in instructor evaluation scores for VR execution, and in both instructor evaluation scores and self-evaluation scores for SD types. On the other hand, in terms of mental stress, there was a significant difference in both high frequency (HF) of HRV measures and subjective stress scores for VR execution, and in subjective stress scores for SD types. The results of this study can help pilots understand SD situations and overcome SD by executing VR.

scholarly journals Spatial Disorientation Simulator

10.37105/sd.3 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Bogusz Dariusz
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Air Force Academy ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Spatial Disorientation ◽  
Aircraft Cabin ◽  
Aviation Training ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Military Pilots ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the characteristics of the spatial disorientation simulator constructed for the Polish Air Force Academy aviation training. Using the spatial disorientation simulator enables safe training for military pilots, as it simulates visual illusions and spatial disorientation. The simulator makes it possible to train pilots in spatial disorientation conditions for every possible type of aircraft, through designing and conducting the proper aircraft cabin models. Spatial disorientation training has to main aims. The first one is familiarizing the pilots with spatial disorientation phenomenon, and providing them with essential knowledge and abilities through theoretical and practical acquaintance with physiological limitations. Such limitations are related to the impact of different aviation environmental aspects on the human body. The second aim of the training is increasing the efficiency of aviation training, in relation to recognizing, analyzing and proper reacting to real and simulated occurrences, which lead to spatial disorientation. The author describes main stages of the training conducted during the spatial disorientation course. The article categorizes major features of different spatial confusion types and characterizes types of air illusions.

scholarly journals The Impact of NORTH STAR on Suicidality, Substance Problems, Intimate Partner Violence, and Child Abuse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M Smith Slep ◽  
Richard E Heyman ◽  
Michael F Lorber ◽  
David J Linkh
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction We evaluated the effectiveness of New Orientation for Reducing Threats to Health from Secretive-problems That Affect Readiness (NORTH STAR), a community assessment, planning, and action framework to reduce the prevalence of suicidality, substance problems, intimate partner violence, and child abuse. Materials and Methods One-third of U.S. Air Force bases worldwide were randomly assigned to NORTH STAR (n = 12) or an assessment-and-feedback-only condition (n = 12). Two Air Force-wide, cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based surveys were conducted of randomly selected samples assessing risk/protective factors and outcomes. This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board at the investigators’ university and by the institutional review board at Fort Detrick. Results NORTH STAR, relative to control, bases experienced a 33% absolute risk reduction in hazardous drinking rates and cumulative risk, although, given the small number of bases, these effects were not statistically significant. Conclusions Given its relatively low cost, use of empirically supported light-touch interventions, and emphasis on sustainability with existing resources, NORTH STAR may be a useful system for prevention of a range of adult behavioral health problems that are difficult to impact.

617 Who Benefits the Most from Burn Camps?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S162-S163
Author(s):  
Jennifer B Radics-Johnson ◽  
Daniel W Chacon ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Return Home ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Burn camps provide a unique environment and activities for children that have experienced a burn-injury. Positive outcomes from attending burn camp include increased self-esteem, decreased feelings of isolation and a greater sense of self-confidence. In a 3-year retrospective review of camper evaluations from one of the largest and longest running week-long burn camps in the nation for ages 5–17, we aimed to assess if a child’s gender, age, TBSA or ethnicity affected the impact that burn camp had on a child. Methods A 3-year retrospective review of a Burn Camp’s camper evaluation forms was conducted for campers that attended burn camp between 2017–2019. Camp rosters were reviewed to determine the camper gender, age, TBSA and ethnicity. Camper self-evaluation forms completed at the end of each camp session were reviewed to record camper responses to questions regarding their opinions on the impact camp had on them as well as how camp will impact their lives once they return home. Categorical variables were summarized as frequency and percentage, and continuous variables were described as median and range. To check the relationship between two categorical variables, Chi-square test was used. To compare the continuous variable among groups, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used. Statistical significance was declared based on a p value< 0.5. Results Within 2017–2019, there were 413 camper records. Participants’ demographic characteristics are summarized in Table 1. There were 208 males (50.3%) and 205 females (49.6%). The median age of campers were 11.86, 12.44 and 12.45 for 2017–2019, with the range from 5.16 years to 17.96 years. The median TBSA were 20, 20 and 18 for 2017–2019, with the range from 0.08 to 90. Collectively there were 47.7% Hispanic (n= 197); 24.2% Whites (n=100); 13.1% Black (n= 54); 4.6% Asian (n=19) and 7.7% Other (n=32). There were 395 camper self-evaluation forms submitted. Results of three questions there we were interested in are summarized collectively in Table 2. 57% of campers responded, “Yes, Definitely” to the question “After going to this event, will you feel more comfortable being around your classmates or friends?” 54% responded, “ Yes, Definitely” to the question “Do you feel more confidents in sharing your burn story with others when returning home?” and 51% responded “Yes, Definitely” to “Did you learn anything that will help you when you return home?” Conclusions In analyzing the camper responses, there was no statistically significant difference in responses comparing gender, age, TBSA or ethnicity.

The Impact of Informative Tutoring Feedback and Self-Efficacy on Motivation and Achievement in Concept Learning

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Narciss
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Multiple Response ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Outcome Feedback ◽  
Task Motivation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Motivation And Achievement

Abstract. Informative tutoring feedback (ITF) provides assisted multiple response tries by offering strategically useful information for task completion as opposed to simply offering the solution. Previous studies on ITF focused on its effects on achievement. The present studies examine the assumption that ITF affects not only achievement, but also motivational variables such as task engagement, effort, persistence, and satisfaction with performance. In two experiments, students differing in self efficacy (SE) for identifying concepts worked on concept identification tasks. In cases of incorrect hypothesis about the concept, they received either outcome feedback or ITF. Results reveal that motivation and achievement depend on both SE and type of feedback. Future research should examine in more detail how ITF affects the self-enhancing processes between on-task motivation, achievement, and self-evaluation.

Outcomes of Microneurovascular Facial Reanimation Using Masseteric Innervation in Patients With Long-Standing Facial Palsy Resulting From Cured Brainstem Lesions

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik G. Krishnan ◽  
Gabriele Schackert ◽  
Volker Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Muscle Flaps ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Möbius Syndrome ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Facial Nerves ◽  
Facial Reanimation ◽  
Masseteric Nerve ◽  
Natural Emotion ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BACKGROUND The functions of the human face are not only of esthetic significance but also extend into metaphoric nuances of psychology. The loss of function of one or both facial nerves has a remarkable impact on patients' lives. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze the functional outcomes of microneurovascular facial reanimation using masseteric innervation. METHODS Seventeen patients with irreparable facial paralysis resulting from benign lesions involving the facial nuclei (n = 14) or Möbius syndrome (n = 3) were treated with free muscle flaps for oral commissural reanimation using ipsilateral masseteric innervation and using temporalis muscle transfer for eyelid reanimation. Results were analyzed by the absolute commissural excursion and commissural excursion index and by a patient self-evaluation score. Presence of synkinesis was documented. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 48 months (mean, 26.4 months). RESULTS Normalization of the commissural excursion index was observed in 8 of 17 patients (47%), an improvement was seen in 7 of 17 (41%), and failure was observed in 2 of 17 (12%). The individual dynamics of absolute commissural excursion and commissural excursion index changes are presented. A natural smiling response was observed in 10 of 17 patients (59%) but not in the remaining 7 (41%). This response reflected the patient's ability to relay the natural emotion of smiling through the masseteric nerve. Patients' self-evaluation scores were a level higher than objective indices. CONCLUSIONS Innervation of free muscle flaps with the masseteric nerve for oral commissure reanimation might play an important role in patients with lesions of the facial nuclei (as in Möbius syndrome). Synkinesis persists for long periods after surgery. However, most of the patients learned to express their emotions by overcoming this phenomenon. Despite hypercorrection or inadequate correction, patients evaluated themselves favorably.

scholarly journals Self Evaluation: Building Student Self-awareness and Competence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denard Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Student Assessment ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Student Assessments ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Junior Students

This paper discusses the results of two experiments in self assessment and discusses their value in evaluating student consciousness of their competence, and the opportunity to improve self-awareness and competence in students. The data was gathered from two different engineering courses. The first experiment was conducted in a second-year course on basic electronics and electrical power. As part of the final examination, students were asked to assess their confidence in their answer to each question. The student self-assessment was compared to the actual result in an effort to determine the student’s perception of their competence. Student assessment was coded with respect to consciousness and competence. The second experiment was performed on a midterm examination in engineering ethics and professionalism, a senior course discussing the impact and interaction of the engineering profession on society. Students were given an annotated exemplar and a marking rubric and asked to grade their own midterm submissions. The student assessments were compared to the instructor assessment and again the results were coded with respect to consciousness and competence. The results showed a contrast between the second-year and senior courses. For the second-year course, 50.3% were coded as consciously competent or incompetent. In the senior course, 80% of students were coded as consciously competent. The comparison of the two results suggest that senior students, given suitable instruction, are more aware of their competence than junior students suggesting that current methods do develop an improved awareness of competence, although other factors may be relevant. It is suggested that student awareness be formally monitored, and results used to modify pedagogy to improve and accelerate consciousness in graduates.  

Survey of Spatial Disorientation and Sensory Illusion among Air Force Pilots

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Boril ◽  
Vladimir Smrz ◽  
Antonin Petru ◽  
Erik Blasch ◽  
Jan Leuchter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Spatial Disorientation ◽  
Sensory Illusion

scholarly journals Instant Automated Inference of Perceived Mental Stress through Smartphone PPG and Thermal Imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjun Cho ◽  
Simon J. Julier ◽  
Nadia Bianchi-Berthouze
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Automated Inference ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Thermal Signature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stress Recognition

AbstractBackgroundA smartphone is a promising tool for daily cardiovascular measurement and mental stress monitoring. Photoplethysmography (PPG) and low-cost thermography can be used to create cheap, convenient and mobile systems. However, to achieve robustness, a person has to remain still for several minutes while a measurement is being taken. This is very cumbersome, and limits the usage in applications such producing instant measurements of stress.ObjectiveWe propose to use smartphone-based mobile PPG and thermal imaging to provide a fast binary measure of stress responses to an event using dynamical physiological changes which occur within 20 seconds of the event finishing.MethodsWe propose a system that uses a smartphone and its physiological sensors to reliably and continuously measure over a short window of time a person’s blood volume pulse, the time interval between heartbeats (R-R interval) and the 1D thermal signature of the nose tip. 17 healthy participants, involved in a series of stress-inducing mental activities, measured their physiological response to stress in the 20 second-window immediately following each activity. A 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale was used by them to self-report their level of mental stress. As a main labeling strategy, normalized K-means clustering is used to better treat interpersonal differences in ratings. By taking an array of the R-R intervals and thermal directionality as a low-level feature input, we mainly use an artificial neural network to enable the automatic feature learning and the machine learning inference process. To compare the automated inference performance, we also extracted widely used high level features from HRV (e.g., LF/HF ratio) and the thermal signature and input them to a k-nearest neighbor to infer perceived stress levels.ResultsFirst, we tested the physiological measurement reliability. The measured cardiac signals were considered highly reliable (signal goodness probability used, Mean=0.9584, SD=0.0151). The proposed 1D thermal signal processing algorithm effectively minimized the effect of respiratory cycles on detecting the apparent temperature of the nose tip (respiratory signal goodness probability Mean=0.8998 to Mean=0). Second, we tested the 20 seconds instant perceived stress inference performance. The best results were obtained by using automatic feature learning and classification using artificial neural networks rather than using pre-crafted features. The combination of both modalities produced higher accuracy on the binary classification task using 17-fold leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation (accuracy: HRV+Thermal: 76.96%; HRV: 60.29%; Thermal: 61.37%). The results are comparable with the state of the art automatic stress recognition methods requiring long term measurements (a minimum of 2 minutes for up to around 80% accuracy from LOSO). Lastly, we explored the impact of different data labeling strategies used in the field on the sensitivity of our inference methods and the need for normalization within individual.ConclusionsResults demonstrate the capability of smartphone biomedical imaging in instant mental stress recognition. Given that this approach does not require long measurements requiring attention and reduced mobility, it is more feasible for mobile mental healthcare solution in the wild.

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