Flight Performance and Mental Stress of Pilots by Verbal Reports and Spatial Disorientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Yohan Kang ◽  
Myung Hwan Yun ◽  
Sungho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Stress ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Subjective Stress ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Spatial Disorientation ◽  
Instructor Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels

Spatial disorientation (SD) can adversely affect a pilot’s flight mission and cause critical flight accidents. To ensure a pilot’s flight safety, it is important to understand the impact of SD on a pilot’s flight performance and mental stress levels, and it is necessary to verify the effectiveness of using verbal reports (VR) for pilots to overcome SD without the aid of aeronautical systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the difference in pilot performance and mental stress levels by VR executions and SD types. In this study, simulated flight experiments were performed on thirty Air Force fighter pilots (fifteen VR and fifteen non-VR) using a SD simulator with an Electrocardiography (ECG) measurement sensor attached. The experimental data was analyzed with using two flight performance scales (instructor evaluation scores and self-evaluation scores) and two mental stress scales (heart rate variability (HRV) measures and subjective stress scores) by two VR executions (VR and non-VR) and six SD types (Somatogravic Illusion, Coriolis, Leans, False Horizon, Graveyard Spin, and Black Hole Illusion). The result of the experiment, in terms of flight performance, showed a significant difference in instructor evaluation scores for VR execution, and in both instructor evaluation scores and self-evaluation scores for SD types. On the other hand, in terms of mental stress, there was a significant difference in both high frequency (HF) of HRV measures and subjective stress scores for VR execution, and in subjective stress scores for SD types. The results of this study can help pilots understand SD situations and overcome SD by executing VR.

Verbal Reports Influence on Pilot Flight Performance and Mental Stress Under Spatial Disorientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 948-955
Author(s):  
Yohan Kang ◽  
Myung Hwan Yun ◽  
Sungho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Spatial Disorientation ◽  
Instructor Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Distress Score ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Circumstances in flight can adversely affect a pilots spatial abilities and lead to spatial disorientation (SD), increasing the potential for fatal accidents. To systematically understand the impact of SD, it is important to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze pilots flight performance and mental stress, and to verify the effectiveness of verbal reports (VR) in enabling pilots to deal with an SD situation. This study investigated the effects of VR execution and type of SD on flight performance and mental stress.METHODS: SD simulation experiments were conducted on 30 Air Force fighter pilots (15 in the VR group and 15 in the non-VR group) with electrocardiography (ECG) sensors attached. The pilots gave their VRs by immediately verbalizing their attention to instrument information and six potentially disorientating scenarios were implemented in each flight phase. Flight performance was analyzed using instructor evaluation and self-evaluation scores, and mental stress was measured using heart rate variability (HRV) and perceived distress score.RESULTS: In maintaining flight performance, the VR group, respectively, had 8% and 10% higher scores for altitude and speed than the non-VR group. The self-evaluation scores were lowest for Coriolis, while Graveyard Spin was scored lowest in the instructor evaluations. Regarding mental stress, the VR group tended to have higher HFs and lower LF/HF ratios among HRV measures than the non-VR group, and an 11% lower perceived distress score. The highest perceived distress score was for Coriolis.DISCUSSION: We suggest that pilots can be assisted to understand and overcome SD situations through VR.Kang Y, Yun MH, Kim S. Verbal reports influence on pilot flight performance and mental stress under spatial disorientation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12):948955.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Slovenian Occupational Therapists’ Theoretical Knowledge and Stress Levels Connected With Providing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 004695802096368
Author(s):  
Damjan Slabe ◽  
Alenka Oven
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
The University

This was the first study that evaluated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) knowledge in a sample of occupational therapists and investigated whether the knowledge of CPR parameters affected their perceived stress levels related to providing CPR. A questionnaire, consisting of 4 clusters of questions, was pretested and used in an online survey of Slovenian occupational therapists. The survey was sent to all electronic addresses obtained from the Association of Occupational Therapists of Slovenia and the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Ljubljana. It was completed by 201 occupational therapists, which represented about 40% of all Slovenian occupational therapists. Data were analyzed using independent-samples t-test, 1-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. On average, the participants scored 5.44 points (SD = 2.96) on the CPR knowledge test that had a maximum of 9 points. A weak negative correlation existed between the perceived level of stress and scores on the knowledge test ( r = −0.151; P = .05). Scores on the knowledge test were also negatively correlated with age ( r = −0.409; P < .001) and work experience ( r = −0.388; P < .001) and positively correlated with self-evaluation of knowledge of CPR ( r = 0.366; P < .001). The majority of the participants (92.3%) felt that they needed to update their CPR knowledge. There was no statistically significant difference in the CPR knowledge between occupational therapists working in different clinical areas ( P = .85). Our sample of occupational therapists was not optimally prepared to apply CPR. Older and more experienced therapists demonstrated less theoretical knowledge and were particularly vulnerable to stress. To improve knowledge and confidence, regular CPR training is recommended for this group of health professionals.

scholarly journals Faculty Versus Resident Self-Assessment Using Pathology Milestones: How Aligned Are We?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237428952110605
Author(s):  
Sienna Athy ◽  
Geoffrey Talmon ◽  
Kaeli Samson ◽  
Kimberly Martin ◽  
Kari Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Discrepancy Scores ◽  
Question Category ◽  
Clinical Competency Committee

Competent physicians must be able to self-assess skill level; however, previous studies suggest that medical trainees may not accurately self-assess. We utilized Pathology Milestones (PM) data to determine whether there were discrepancies in self- versus Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) ratings by sex, program year (PGY), time of evaluation, and question category (Patient Care, Medical Knowledge, Systems-Based Practice [SBP], Practice-Based Learning and Improvement [PBL], Professionalism [PRO], and Interpersonal and Communication Skills) and Residency In-Service Examination (RISE) score. We completed retrospective analyses of PM evaluation scores from 2016 to 2019 (n = 23 residents) 2 times per year. Discrepancies in evaluation scores were calculated by subtracting CCC scores from resident self-evaluation scores. There was no significant difference in discrepancy scores between male versus female residents (P = .94). Discrepancy scores among all PGYs were significantly different (P < .0001), with PGY1 tending to overrate the most, followed by PGY2. PGY3 and PGY4 underrated themselves on average compared to CCC ratings, with PGY4 having significantly lower self-ratings than CCC compared to any other PGY. In January, residents underscored themselves and in July residents overscored themselves compared to CCC (P < .0001 for both). Question types resulted in variable discrepancy scores, with SBP significantly lower than and PRO significantly higher than all other categories (P < .05 for both). Increases in RISE score correlated to increases in self- and CCC-scoring. These discrepancies can help trainees improve self-assessment. Discrepancies indicate potential areas for amelioration, such as curriculum adjustments or Milestone’s verbiage.

scholarly journals Guiding Residency Program Educational Goals Using Institutional Keyword Reports from the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program Examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. e234-e238
Author(s):  
Isdin Oke ◽  
Steven D. Ness ◽  
Jean E. Ramsey ◽  
Nicole H. Siegel ◽  
Crandall E. Peeler
Keyword(s):  
Residency Program ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Knowledge Assessment ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Residency programs receive an institutional keyword report following the annual Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) examination containing the raw number of incorrectly answered questions. Programs would benefit from a method to compare relative performance between subspecialty sections. We propose a technique of normalizing the keyword report to determine relative subspecialty strengths and weaknesses in trainee performance. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our institutional keyword reports from 2017 to 2019. We normalized the percentage of correctly answered questions for each postgraduate year (PGY) level by dividing the percent of correctly answered questions for each subspecialty by the percent correct across all subsections for that PGY level. We repeated this calculation for each PGY level in each subsection for each calendar year of analysis. Results There was a statistically significant difference in mean performance between the subspecialty sections (p = 0.038). We found above average performance in the Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation section (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.18) and high variability of performance in the Clinical Optics section (95% CI: 0.76–1.34). Discussion The OKAP institutional keyword reports are extremely valuable for residency program self-evaluation. Performance normalized for PGY level and test year can reveal insightful trends into the relative strengths and weaknesses of trainee knowledge and guide data-driven curriculum improvement.

scholarly journals Can Residential Greenspace Exposure Improve Pain Experience? A Comparison between Physical Visit and Image Viewing

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Hansen Li ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Shilin Bi ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Guodong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
The State ◽  
Subjective Stress ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Scenic Beauty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pain Stimuli

Reducing the burden of pain via greenspace exposure is a rising research topic. However, insufficient evidence has been found in relation to the environmental effect itself. Residential greenspace, as a convenient but limited natural environment for urban dwellers, has benefits and services yet to be discovered. Therefore, the current study recruited 24 young adults to evaluate the effects of physical visit to, or image viewing of, residential greenspace on pain perception and related psychophysiological outcomes, via simulated pain. Pain threshold and tolerance were recorded via the level of pain stimuli, and pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The state scale of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and two adjective pairs were employed to measure the state anxiety and subjective stress, respectively. Meanwhile, heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) were measured to investigate physiological responses. Besides, Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) was also employed to assess participants’ preference regarding the experimental environments. The results revealed that visiting the greenspace significantly increased the pain threshold and tolerance, while no significant effect was observed for image viewing. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in pain-related psychophysiological indices between the experimental settings, but significantly negative associations were found between the scores of SBE and subjective stress and state anxiety. In conclusion, the current study brings experimental evidence of improving pain experience via residential greenspace exposure, while the related psychophysiological benefits require further investigation.

617 Who Benefits the Most from Burn Camps?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S162-S163
Author(s):  
Jennifer B Radics-Johnson ◽  
Daniel W Chacon ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Return Home ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Burn camps provide a unique environment and activities for children that have experienced a burn-injury. Positive outcomes from attending burn camp include increased self-esteem, decreased feelings of isolation and a greater sense of self-confidence. In a 3-year retrospective review of camper evaluations from one of the largest and longest running week-long burn camps in the nation for ages 5–17, we aimed to assess if a child’s gender, age, TBSA or ethnicity affected the impact that burn camp had on a child. Methods A 3-year retrospective review of a Burn Camp’s camper evaluation forms was conducted for campers that attended burn camp between 2017–2019. Camp rosters were reviewed to determine the camper gender, age, TBSA and ethnicity. Camper self-evaluation forms completed at the end of each camp session were reviewed to record camper responses to questions regarding their opinions on the impact camp had on them as well as how camp will impact their lives once they return home. Categorical variables were summarized as frequency and percentage, and continuous variables were described as median and range. To check the relationship between two categorical variables, Chi-square test was used. To compare the continuous variable among groups, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used. Statistical significance was declared based on a p value&lt; 0.5. Results Within 2017–2019, there were 413 camper records. Participants’ demographic characteristics are summarized in Table 1. There were 208 males (50.3%) and 205 females (49.6%). The median age of campers were 11.86, 12.44 and 12.45 for 2017–2019, with the range from 5.16 years to 17.96 years. The median TBSA were 20, 20 and 18 for 2017–2019, with the range from 0.08 to 90. Collectively there were 47.7% Hispanic (n= 197); 24.2% Whites (n=100); 13.1% Black (n= 54); 4.6% Asian (n=19) and 7.7% Other (n=32). There were 395 camper self-evaluation forms submitted. Results of three questions there we were interested in are summarized collectively in Table 2. 57% of campers responded, “Yes, Definitely” to the question “After going to this event, will you feel more comfortable being around your classmates or friends?” 54% responded, “ Yes, Definitely” to the question “Do you feel more confidents in sharing your burn story with others when returning home?” and 51% responded “Yes, Definitely” to “Did you learn anything that will help you when you return home?” Conclusions In analyzing the camper responses, there was no statistically significant difference in responses comparing gender, age, TBSA or ethnicity.

Outcomes of Microneurovascular Facial Reanimation Using Masseteric Innervation in Patients With Long-Standing Facial Palsy Resulting From Cured Brainstem Lesions

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik G. Krishnan ◽  
Gabriele Schackert ◽  
Volker Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Muscle Flaps ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Möbius Syndrome ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Facial Nerves ◽  
Facial Reanimation ◽  
Masseteric Nerve ◽  
Natural Emotion ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BACKGROUND The functions of the human face are not only of esthetic significance but also extend into metaphoric nuances of psychology. The loss of function of one or both facial nerves has a remarkable impact on patients' lives. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze the functional outcomes of microneurovascular facial reanimation using masseteric innervation. METHODS Seventeen patients with irreparable facial paralysis resulting from benign lesions involving the facial nuclei (n = 14) or Möbius syndrome (n = 3) were treated with free muscle flaps for oral commissural reanimation using ipsilateral masseteric innervation and using temporalis muscle transfer for eyelid reanimation. Results were analyzed by the absolute commissural excursion and commissural excursion index and by a patient self-evaluation score. Presence of synkinesis was documented. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 48 months (mean, 26.4 months). RESULTS Normalization of the commissural excursion index was observed in 8 of 17 patients (47%), an improvement was seen in 7 of 17 (41%), and failure was observed in 2 of 17 (12%). The individual dynamics of absolute commissural excursion and commissural excursion index changes are presented. A natural smiling response was observed in 10 of 17 patients (59%) but not in the remaining 7 (41%). This response reflected the patient's ability to relay the natural emotion of smiling through the masseteric nerve. Patients' self-evaluation scores were a level higher than objective indices. CONCLUSIONS Innervation of free muscle flaps with the masseteric nerve for oral commissure reanimation might play an important role in patients with lesions of the facial nuclei (as in Möbius syndrome). Synkinesis persists for long periods after surgery. However, most of the patients learned to express their emotions by overcoming this phenomenon. Despite hypercorrection or inadequate correction, patients evaluated themselves favorably.

الضغوط المهنية لدى معلمي ومعلمات التربية المهنية في الأردن في ضوء بعض المتغيرات

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Sameer Shdaifat ◽  
Jaafar Abusaa
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Primary Teachers ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Occupational Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels

The present study aimed to identify the occupational stress level of occupational education female and male teachers. It also aimed to identify whether there is any difference between the respondents’ occupational stress levels which can be attributed to their (gender, experience or school stage). The study’s population consists from all the all the occupational education female and male teachers who work at the public schools affiliated with the first and second directorates of education in Irbid (i.e. 320 teachers). As for the sample, it consists from 100 female and male teachers. Those teachers were selected through using the random stratified sampling method. Those teachers were selected from the public schools affiliated with the first and second directorates of education in Irbid. The researchers chose a descriptive survey research design. They developed an instrument (i.e. a questionnaire) for measuring the occupational stress level of teachers. It was found that the occupational stress level of the occupational education female and male teachers is high. It was found that there is a statistically significant difference between the respondents’ occupational stress levels which can be attributed to gender. The latter difference is for the favor of males.  It was found that there is a statistically significant difference between the respondents’ occupational stress levels which can be attributed to experience. The latter difference is for the favor of the ones who possess moderate experience. It was found that there is a statistically significant difference between the respondents’ occupational stress levels which can be attributed to the school stage. The latter difference is for the favor of the lower primary teachers. In the light of the aforementioned results, the researchers recommend exerting effort to reduce the occupational stress level of occupational education female and male teachers. Such efforts include creating convenient psychological and occupational environments. The researchers also recommend providing the lower primary teachers with attention by the Ministry of Education in Jordan. That can be done through providing those teachers with training & development programs. That can be also done through raising their socio-economic levels and providing them with financial & moral incentives & rewards.

scholarly journals Applicability of auriculotherapy in reducing stress and as a coping strategy in nursing professionals

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonice Fumiko Sato Kurebayashi ◽  
Juliana Rizzo Gnatta ◽  
Talita Pavarini Borges ◽  
Maria Júlia Paes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Needle Control ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Reducing Stress

AIMS: randomized clinical trial aimed at evaluating the auriculotherapy in reducing stress levels in 75 nursing professionals and analyze the coping domains that have changed after treatment. METHODOLOGY: volunteers were divided into 3 groups (Control, Needles and Seeds) and received eight sessions at Shenmen, Kidney and Brainstem points. The Control Group didn't receive any intervention. RESULTS: ANOVA test showed statistical differences in stress levels for Needle/Control Groups in the third and fourth assessments, according to Stress Symptoms List when compared the three groups in four assessments. For the Inventory of Folkman/Lazarus, a significant difference was obtained for Spacing domain between needle/control. In analysis within the same group, differences were found for Confrontation in fourth assessment between Needle/Control Groups and for Social Support in the third one between Seeds/Control Groups. CONCLUSION: The auriculotherapy decreased stress levels, changed Coping domains after treatment, suggesting that both Auriculotherapy with needles and seeds can produce positive impact to improve strategy Coping in the nursing team. However, more studies are needed to conceive the extent of the technique.

scholarly journals Sport science college students and career stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Mutlu Yasar ◽  
Murat Turgut
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
University Education ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Science College ◽  
The University

The aim of this study is to examine the career stress levels of university students in different faculties according to age, gender, faculty, class and financial status variables. The research was conducted using a quantitative research design. The sample of this study consisted of 1,189 university students from Kastamonu University Education Faculty, School of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Arts and Faculty of Engineering and Architecture. Career Stress Scale consisting of 20 items and three sub-dimensions was used. Data were normally distributed and parametric analysis was used. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that the average score of the participants was 2.43 from the total score of the career stress scale. In this context, it was found that the career stress levels of the participants were moderate at the lower limit. According to the average scores of the participants, the lowest subscale was found to be an external conflict with 2.13 average and the highest subscale was found to be job anxiety with an average score of 2.82. A significant difference was found almost between all different groups in different ways (p > 0.05). As a result, it was found that the career stress levels of the university students participating in the research were moderate, as well as differences according to variables such as gender, class, age, faculty and income status. Among these differences, the most striking ones appear to be the variables of age and income. In this context, it was determined that university students who have lower age and lower-income status level have higher career stress level than age and income status variables. Keywords: Career, collage, stress, sport, students, university.

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