Survival from Canadian Seaplane Water Accidents: 1995 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 798-805
Author(s):  
Conor MacDonald ◽  
Christopher Brooks ◽  
Ross McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Water Accident

INTRODUCTION: Each year in Canada, there are a number of pilots and passengers who die in seaplane water accidents. A study examining the human factors and fatality rates associated with these accidents was conducted. METHODS: Seaplane water accident investigations by the Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) between 1995 and 2019 were reviewed. RESULTS: There were 487 accidents involving 1144 occupants (487 pilots, 657 passengers). There were less than 15 s warning in 86% of cases. There were 60 pilots and 88 passengers who dieda survival rate of 87%. Drowning, trapped within the cabin was the principal cause of death (54%). Loss of control on landing, wheels down landings, and other landing problems (49%) were the principal causes of the accidents and 77% of the fatalities occurred in this group. These arose because the pilot(s) misjudged wind, waves, and glassy water. Over 50% of seaplanes inverted and 10% floated briefly then sank, resulting in the highest percentage of fatalities. Wearing the seat harness incorrectly, injury, in-rushing water, and inability to locate and operate exit mechanisms (including rescuers inability to open the exits external to the fuselage) all contributed to the fatalities. Life jackets would have been of benefit in several cases. Of the accidents, 57% were private flights. CONCLUSIONS: Passengers require a thorough preflight briefing, life jackets should be worn by all pilots and passengers, and private and commercial pilots should receive Underwater Egress Training. MacDonald C, Brooks C, McGowan R. Survival from Canadian seaplane water accidents: 1995 to 2019. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(10):798805.

General Aviation Weather Hazards:Current Human Factors Research, Pilot Practices, and Tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Beth Blickensderfer ◽  
Lori J Brown ◽  
Alyssa Greenman ◽  
Jayde King ◽  
Brandon Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Human Factors Research

When General Aviation (GA) pilots encounter unexpected weather hazards in-flight, the results are typically deadly. It is unsurprising that the National Transportation Safety Board repeatedly lists weather related factors in GA flight operations as an unsolved aviation safety challenge. Solving this problem requires multidisciplinary perspectives. Fortunately, in the past several years innovative laboratory research and industry products have become available. This panel discussion brings together Human Factors and Ergonomics researchers and practitioners to discuss and describe the current work and future directions to avoid weather related accidents in GA.

scholarly journals Effective salvage therapy for lymphoma with cisplatin in combination with high-dose Ara-C and dexamethasone (DHAP)

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Velasquez ◽  
F Cabanillas ◽  
P Salvador ◽  
P McLaughlin ◽  
M Fridrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Tumor Burden ◽  
Refractory Lymphoma

Abstract Ninety patients with progressive recurrent lymphoma were treated with a combination of cisplatin 100 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) by continuous infusion over 24 hours, followed by cytosine arabinoside in two pulses each at a dose of 2 g/m2 given 12 hours apart. Dexamethasone, 40 mg orally or IV, was given on days 1 through 4. Vigorous hydration was reinforced by routine use of mannitol. Treatments were repeated at 3- to 4-week intervals for six to ten courses. Most patients had not achieved complete remission (CR) with prior therapies, which included Adriamycin (all patients) and methotrexate and VP-16 (58 patients). Median patient age was 55 years. Intermediate-grade lymphoma was the most frequent pathologic diagnosis. Seven patients died within two weeks of therapy; of the remaining 83 patients, 28 (34%) or 31% if all patients are considered, achieved CR, and 22 (26.5%) achieved partial remission (PR). Response was evident after the first two cycles of chemotherapy and appeared to be independent of the histopathologic type of lymphoma. To date, only eight of the complete responders have relapsed at a median follow-up of 11 months. The overall 2-year survival in 25%. Further analysis showed that patients with low tumor burden and normal lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) had a high CR response rate (67%) and a survival rate of 61% at 2 years. In contrast, patients with both high tumor burden and elevated serum LDH levels had a negligible CR rate, and only 5% are surviving at 1 year. Patients with either high tumor burden with normal LDH or low tumor burden with elevated LDH had an intermediate survival. Myelosuppression-related infection was the most frequent serious complication of this regimen (31%) and the cause of death of ten patients. Acute lysis syndrome was also observed in five patients with high tumor burden and was the cause of death in three of these patients. DHAP has proven to be an effective non-crossresistant regimen for patients with relapsing or refractory lymphoma, particularly for patients who have favorable prognostic characteristics.

HFACS Analysis of U.S. General Aviation Accidents Using Bayesian Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1655-1659
Author(s):  
Chuyang Yang ◽  
John H. Mott
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Prior Probabilities ◽  
Probability Table

Safety is one of the most important factors that affects the sustainable development of the aviation industry. With the increasing robustness of technologies, humans have played a progressively more important causal role in aviation accidents. This paper applies an HFACS-BN model (HFACS: Human Factors Analysis and Classification System; BN: Bayesian Network) to analyze the root causes of aviation accidents. General aviation (GA) accident reports were collected from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident database. The authors encoded the human factors of sample cases based on the HFACS framework and constructed a corresponding BN. From this work, parameter estimation associated with a conditional probability table (CPT) was conducted to determine prior probabilities of contributing factors, and a sensitivity test was conducted to determine the most significant factors. This study provides guidance to the federal government to facilitate risk management in order to reduce fatal general aviation accidents.

scholarly journals One-year Survival Rate of Pancreatic Cancer and the Mortality Affecting Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Alexander Michael Joseph Saudale ◽  
Marcellus Simadibrata ◽  
Rino Alvani Gani ◽  
Cleopas Martin Rumende
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
One Year

Background:  Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death associated with malignancy in the United States, and is thought to be the second leading cause of death in 2030 in the United Kingdom. In Asia, pancreatic cancer is the most fatal cancer with the lowest survival of all malignancies, 25-30% survival five years after surgery. Indonesia has no data on the survival of pancreatic cancer and the factors that affect it. The aim of this study is knowing the 1-year survival of pancreatic cancer and its influencing factors in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.Method: A retrospective cohort study was performed using data from the medical records of pancreatic cancer patients dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between January 2012 - December 2016. Factors age, sex, metastasis, stage, comorbid and treatment were analyzed bivariate and multivariate using Cox Proportional Hazards Regression to obtain Hazard Ratio (HR) for each prognostic factor. The cumulative survival of 1 year after diagnosis is expressed by the Kaplan-Meier curve.Results: Of 83 subjects the proportion of males was 62.7%, age ≥ 50 years 68.7%, with age range 33-79 years, and 55 years on average. In bivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant relationship of survival with comorbid variables (HR = 2,116, 95% 953 1,335-3,513, p 0,002), metastasis (HR = 3,802, 95% CI: 1,995-7,249, p 0.001), palliative treatment (HR = 2,108 , 95% CI: 1,077-4,125, p = 0,029) and group without treatment (HR = 2,924, 95% CI: 1,496-5,716, p = 0,002). Multivariate analysis showed that metastasis provided the greatest risk of death with HR = 4.306 (95% CI: 2.125-8.724, p 0.001). Palliative group HR was 2.510 (95% CI: 1,245-5,061 p = 0.010) while the group without treatment gave HR 2,535 (95% CI: 1,277-5,032 p = 0,008). The 1-year survival rate is 14%, with a median survival of 6 months.Conclusion: The overall survival of one year of pancreatic cancer patients was 14%, with a median survival of 6 months. The presence of metastasis and not the curative therapy of Whipple surgery in patients with pancreatic cancer in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is the main factor that negatively affect the survival of 1 year

scholarly journals Effective salvage therapy for lymphoma with cisplatin in combination with high-dose Ara-C and dexamethasone (DHAP)

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Velasquez ◽  
F Cabanillas ◽  
P Salvador ◽  
P McLaughlin ◽  
M Fridrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Tumor Burden ◽  
Refractory Lymphoma

Ninety patients with progressive recurrent lymphoma were treated with a combination of cisplatin 100 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) by continuous infusion over 24 hours, followed by cytosine arabinoside in two pulses each at a dose of 2 g/m2 given 12 hours apart. Dexamethasone, 40 mg orally or IV, was given on days 1 through 4. Vigorous hydration was reinforced by routine use of mannitol. Treatments were repeated at 3- to 4-week intervals for six to ten courses. Most patients had not achieved complete remission (CR) with prior therapies, which included Adriamycin (all patients) and methotrexate and VP-16 (58 patients). Median patient age was 55 years. Intermediate-grade lymphoma was the most frequent pathologic diagnosis. Seven patients died within two weeks of therapy; of the remaining 83 patients, 28 (34%) or 31% if all patients are considered, achieved CR, and 22 (26.5%) achieved partial remission (PR). Response was evident after the first two cycles of chemotherapy and appeared to be independent of the histopathologic type of lymphoma. To date, only eight of the complete responders have relapsed at a median follow-up of 11 months. The overall 2-year survival in 25%. Further analysis showed that patients with low tumor burden and normal lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) had a high CR response rate (67%) and a survival rate of 61% at 2 years. In contrast, patients with both high tumor burden and elevated serum LDH levels had a negligible CR rate, and only 5% are surviving at 1 year. Patients with either high tumor burden with normal LDH or low tumor burden with elevated LDH had an intermediate survival. Myelosuppression-related infection was the most frequent serious complication of this regimen (31%) and the cause of death of ten patients. Acute lysis syndrome was also observed in five patients with high tumor burden and was the cause of death in three of these patients. DHAP has proven to be an effective non-crossresistant regimen for patients with relapsing or refractory lymphoma, particularly for patients who have favorable prognostic characteristics.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus and its Relation to Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Mohit Gururani
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the world’s sixth leading cause of death due to its quick progression. It has a poor prognosis and a low survival rate. Though there are several factors leading to malignancy, some of them are not yet fully understood. For example HCV. Hepatitis C virus is known to cause hepatocellular carcinoma and clearing the viral load of HCV from the body using DAAs has helped in improved prognosis and prevention of HCC but there is no concrete evidence to prove the direct carcinogenic effects of HCV in causing HCC. The argument is that HCV does not directly causes HCC but its chronic effects in the liver eventually lead up to HCC.

Cyprus as a Contact Zone in the 1st Millennium AD

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-331
Author(s):  
John Lund
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Direct Involvement

Abstract Using Cyprus as a case study, the present contribution applies a diachronic perspective to the notion of contact zones as a means to explore some of the implications of this concept for an island. The geographic distribution of ceramic imports to Cyprus during the 1st millennium reveals a fairly consistent pattern through time, which seems to be more or less similar to what has been suggested for earlier periods in the island’s history. This suggests that the points of contact were determined more by geographical proximity and ease of communication than by human factors. The Cypriots themselves seem to have played a less active role on the overseas markets in the 1st millennium AD than before, and it is tentatively proposed that it might have been the island’s loss of control of her mines in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods that led to a decline in the direct involvement of Cypriots in overseas trade.

Mock Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 466-469
Author(s):  
Ilene Zackowitz ◽  
David Lenorovitz ◽  
Stephanie Borzendowski ◽  
Valerie Rice ◽  
Lynn Calkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Joint Session ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Shared Interest ◽  
Mock Trial ◽  
Used Car

This special joint session with shared interest from the Forensics Professional Technical Group and the Safety Technical Group presents an enactment of human factors expert testimony for a trial involving the use and possible misuse of a child’s transportation safety product: a used car seat. The mock trial session presents human factors issues related to the use of the product, including packaging and instructions retention, expectations, user environment, and foreseeable use/misuse of this product. Human factors experts for the plaintiff and the defense will each weigh in on the circumstances surrounding the injury, with examination from the respective attorneys, and cross examination from the opposing attorneys. An attorney commentator will provide reactions and explanation of how the information will be used after each side has given its testimony. No judgment or verdict on the case will be reached at the end of the session.

scholarly journals Civil Aviation Occurrences in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Agus Pramono ◽  
Jason H Middleton ◽  
Carlo Caponecchia
Keyword(s):  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Aviation Operations ◽  
First Time

Globally, civil air traffic has been growing rapidly in recent years, and with this growth, there has been a considerable improvement in air safety. However, in Indonesia, the recent rate of incidents and accidents in aviation is far higher than the global average. This study aims to assess civil aviation safety occurrences in Indonesia and, for the first time, to investigate factors contributing to these occurrences within commercial Indonesian aviation operations. In this study, 97 incident/accident investigation reports published by the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee between 2007 and 2015 were analysed. The most common occurrences involved Runway Excursions, Loss of Control In-Flight, and Controlled Flight into Terrain. In terms of the likelihoods of the occurrences and the severity of consequences, Runway Excursions were more common while Loss of Control In-Flight and Controlled Flight into Terrain events were more severe and often involved fatalities. In Indonesia, Runway Excursions were usually nonfatal and comprised 45% of the occurrences for commercial flights, compared to 34% globally. Further, in this study, weather and Crew Resource Management issues were found to be common contributing factors to the occurrences. Weather was a contributing factor for almost 50% of the occurrences involving Indonesian commercial flights. Adverse weather contributed to Loss of Visual Reference for visual flight operations in mountainous areas, which contributed to the majority of Indonesian fatal accidents. The combination of Indonesian monsoon climate and mountainous weather characteristics appears to provide many risks, mitigation of which may require specialist pilot training, particularly for multicrew aircraft. In identifying the main contributing factors, this study will hopefully provide motivation for changes in training and operations to enhance future aviation safety in Indonesia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document