An Industry 4.0: Strategy Direction Of An Airline Operations Performance

Air transport is an industry 4.0 sector of priority that continues to evolve as the era becomes the backbone of a country's economy. The opening of the economic market in all regions of the world has increased the complexity of air transportation, including in Indonesia. In this decade as the development of technology and the 4.0 industry, the air plane remains the choice of people to explore the world and also the movement of people from one place to another is rapidly secured funds. The strategy to compete with the airline is to improve flight image in Indonesia by improving the performance of aviation operations. This research aims to analyse and evaluate the performance of aviation operations in Indonesia from the company's perspective. The survey method was conducted through the dissemination of questionnaires to respondents with purposive sampling techniques netted 200 aviation employees in Indonesia. The data collected is processed using the Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Square. The results showed; Strategy direction proved to affect process management, process management proved no effect on operation performance, strategy direction has no effect on Operation performance, strategy direction proved to affect human resources management, human resource management proved to be no impact on Operation performance, Process management proved unable to fully mediation the relationship between strategy direction with operating performance, HR management proved not to fully mediation the relationship between strategy direction to operating performance. So it can be said the strategy direction of the company directly affects the flight operation performance. Keywords— Strategy direction; process management; human resource management; operation performance

Research Progress and Prospects of Agricultural Aero-Bionic Technology in China

Accelerating the development of agricultural aviation technology is the need of China’s modern agricultural construction. With the rise of emerging industries such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, autonomous navigation, and the Internet of Things, agricultural aviation is further developing toward the direction of intelligence to meet the requirements of efficient and sophisticated agricultural aviation operations. Bionics is a multi-discipline and comprehensive border subject. It is produced by the mutual penetration and integration of life science and engineering science. Bionic technology has received more and more attention in recent years, and breakthroughs have been made in the fields of biomedicine and health, military, brain science and brain-like navigation, and advanced manufacturing. This study summarized the research progress of biomimetic technology in the field of agricultural aviation from three aspects of biological perception, biological behavior, and biological intelligence. On this basis, problems of related research and application of agricultural aircraft in real-time obstacle avoidance, path planning, and intelligent navigation were analyzed. Combined with the practice of the rapid development of agricultural aircraft, research and application of bionic technology suitable for agricultural aircraft were then proposed. Finally, prospects of agricultural aero-bionic technology were also discussed from multiple bionic target fusion, three-dimensional spatial information exploration, sensors, and animal brain system mechanism. This review provides a reference for the development of bionic technology in China’s agricultural aviation.

Survey of General Aviation Pilot Reports (PIREPs) Conformity, Consistency, and Quality

Understanding barriers to submitting pilot weather reports (PIREPs) has been the focus of recent attention in the general aviation community. The goal is to help increase the submission frequency of these reports, which are valuable for aviation operations and situational awareness. Additionally, the perception of the quality of these reports by pilots can impact the level of trust users have in the data. This study aims to evaluate aspects of the reporting frequency and quality of PIREPs particularly from the general aviation perspective. PIREPs were subjected to a range of logical, qualitative, and quantitative tests. Commercial applications are shown to improve the data quantity transmitted in the reports, particularly the non-mandatory sections such as sky and weather conditions, as well as to help alleviate some of the transcription errors. Reported times of the PIREPs indicate impacts from rounding that may limit the utility of the data in some instances. Analysis of individual geophysical measurements show varying quality with potential gaps noted in the icing type assessment and a bias towards higher turbulence intensity reporting, though air temperature compares well to independent data.

The Portable Fuel Transfer Pump Control System of Android Based for The Fuel Filling Effectiveness of Penerbad’s Helicopter

– The task of Army Aviation Operations is carried out in remote areas where airport services are still minimal, the process related to refueling for pilot helicopters is an obstacle in carrying out the pilot's main tasks. So, we need tools to make the process more effective. This research uses a method that will obtain quantitative data for research to prove the hypothesis. The method is known as the Development Life Cycle Waterfall Diagram and experimental research. Currently still using a hand pump, therefore it is necessary to have a tool that is portable and uses an electric pump. specifically for fuel which is controlled by Arduino and the android application as input for a filling command and can store charging data. In this case the tool system uses supporting components, namely batteries, Bluetooth hc 05, 5v relays and flow sensors. With the research on portable pump tools, the process can be more efficient than hand pumps. When refueling the helicopter, it is enough to enter the charging value from the android application, the charging is already running, and the charging data is stored in the android file.

Reporting and Investigation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Accidents and Serious Incidents. Regulatory Perspective

Naturally, the ever-growing number of drone operations conducted worldwide carries with it an increase in the number of safety-related incidents and occurrences. The reporting and subsequent investigation of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) accidents and serious incidents seems like a proven solution towards improving operational safety. Such procedures also stem from the fact that UAS are of recognized as aircraft – and aircraft accidents and serious incidents are subject to obligatory investigation. From a technical perspective, a key issue concerns discrepancies in the investigation process as there are significant differences between manned and unmanned aviation operations. From a regulatory perspective, one key question is to what extent should it be obligatory to conduct independent technical investigation of occurrences involving UAS? Such occurrences are not only accidents and serious incidents that involve both UAS and manned aircraft, where “traditional” rules of conducting a full and independent technical investigation apply – the majority occurrences involve only UAS that were either destroyed, damaged or acted as a hazard to third parties. The method of study comprised of content analysis of existing legislation. Current doctrines were confronted with existing regulations, documents, materials, safety reports and statistics. Results of the study shows that the extension of regulations created for manned aviation accident reporting and investigation may not be enough, and certain improvements are necessary, e.g. to standardize the reporting of occurrences and the criteria to conduct a formal accidents and serious incidents investigation. It is also reasonable to take actions aimed at raising awareness among UAS users of the need to report accidents and serious incidents, as well as engage them in the investigative process. The lack of standardization in this field has resulted in the lack of data that is “good enough” to indicate the main causes and factors that contribute to UAS accidents.

Graph Signal Processing Techniques for Analyzing Aviation Disruptions

Understanding the characteristics of air-traffic delays and disruptions is critical for developing ways to mitigate their significant economic and environmental impacts. Conventional delay-performance metrics reflect only the magnitude of incurred flightdelays at airports; in this work, we show that it is also important to characterize the spatial distribution of delays across a network of airports. We analyze graph-supported signals, leveraging techniques from spectral theory and graph-signal processing to compute analytical and simulation-driven bounds for identifying outliers in spatial distribution. We then apply these methods to the case of airport-delay networks and demonstrate the applicability of our methods by analyzing U.S. airport delays from 2008 through 2017. We also perform an airline-specific analysis, deriving insights into the delay dynamics of individual airline subnetworks. Through our analysis, we highlight key differences in delay dynamics between different types of disruptions, ranging from nor’easters and hurricanes to airport outages. We also examine delay interactions between airline subnetworks and the system-wide network and compile an inventory of outlier days that could guide future aviation operations and research. In doing so, we demonstrate how our approach can provide operational insights in an air-transportation setting. Our analysis provides a complementary metric to conventional aviation-delay benchmarks and aids airlines, traffic-flow managers, and transportation-system planners in quantifying offnominal system performance.

Observational Simulation of Extreme Weather Conditions and Aviation Meteorology Applications

<p>Observations and prediction of extreme weather (Wx) conditions are important for land, air and sea or water transportation applications. These conditions adversely affect the economic and social life of people.  Extreme Wx conditions for aviation operations for example, include, gust (Ug), wind (Uh), and turbulence (U’), low visibility (Vis), fog and frost, and icing as well as heavy precipitation. These conditions can be studied either in the natural atmosphere or in the laboratory. There have been several aircraft and balloon based in-situ studies related to extreme Wx conditions affecting aviation operations.  However, studying extreme Wx conditions from aircraft observations is limited due to safety and sampling issues, instrument uncertainties, and even the possibility of the aircraft producing its own physical and dynamical effects. Remote sensing-based techniques (e.g., retrieval techniques) for studying extreme Wx conditions usually represent a volume that cannot characterize the important scales, and also represents indirect observations. Therefore, climatic wind tunnel simulations of atmospheric processes together with field observations can help us to better evaluate the interactions among microphysical and dynamical processes affecting extreme Wx conditions e.g., cold air temperatures (Ta) and low/high relative humidity with respect to water (RHw). The Climatic Wind Tunnel (CWT) in the Automotive Centre of Excellence (ACE) at the Ontario Tech University has a large semi-open jet test chamber with a flow area of 7-13 m<sup>2</sup> that can precisely control Ta down to -40ºC, and Uh up to 250 km hr<sup>-1</sup>.  Ice and liquid phases of particle size distributions n the CWT are measured with optical probes such as GCIP, CDP, BCP, FMD, and LPM probes (Gultepe et al 2019, PAAG). The ACE CWT employs several modes of generating sprays, including a spray nozzle array suspended in its settling chamber and fed by heated pressurized de-ionized water to create supercooled droplets, a snow gun also located in the settling chamber, and a spray rig at the nozzle exit, to create a wide range of particle sizes from a few µm up to mm size range to create extreme Wx conditions. These set-ups, together with a range of cold Ta and RHw, plus a wide range of Uh, enabled simulation of severe Wx conditions, including icing, Vis, strong Uh and U’, ice fog and frost, freezing fog, heavy snow, and blizzard conditions. Overall, the results from the CWT simulations supported by the Ontario Tech University AViation MEteorological Supersite (AVMES) observations will be summarized for the aviation operations representing cold environments.</p>

Deep Spatio-Temporal Neural Networks for Risk Prediction and Decision Support in Aviation Operations

The maintenance and improvement of safety are among the most critical concerns in civil aviation operations. Due to the increased availability of data and improvements in computing power, applying artificial intelligence technologies to reduce risk in aviation safety has gained momentum. In this paper, a framework is developed to build a predictive model of future aircraft trajectory that can be utilized online to assist air crews in their decision-making during approach. Flight data parameters from the approach phase between certain approach altitudes (also called gates) are utilized for training an offline model that predicts the aircraft’s ground speed at future points. This model is developed by combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) layers. Due to the myriad of model combinations possible, hyperband algorithm is used to automate the hyperparameter tuning process to choose the best possible model. The validated offline model can then be used to predict the aircraft’s future states and provide decision-support to air crews. The method is demonstrated using publicly available Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The developed model can predict the ground speed at an accuracy between 1.27% and 2.69% relative root-mean-square error. A safety score is also evaluated considering the upper and lower bounds of variation observed within the available data set. Thus, the developed model represents an improved performance over existing techniques in literature and shows significant promise for decision-support in aviation operations.

Digital Transformation Approaches for Aircraft Maintenance Operations

Digital transformation is one of the critical drivers of change in aviation as in many areas. Aviation operations are always aimed to be carried out with a high degree of safety and security standards. Efficient aircraft maintenance management makes a significant contribution to meeting these standards. The digital revolution offers excellent opportunities for safety, reliability, and efficiency advancement for aviation continuing airworthiness. This chapter provides a basic overview of aircraft maintenance processes and highlights some of the maintenance management issues. This chapter addresses some of the industry 4.0 technologies that have been tested for use or currently used in aircraft maintenance operations and discusses the impact of these technologies on current management problems. Consequently, this chapter is expected to present useful information and comments for the aircraft maintenance community, including managers and professionals, and encourage them to think about other possible innovations beneficial to their processes.

Ohne Flieger kein Sieg – Bez lotników nie ma zwycięstwa! Szkic z działań lotnictwa austro-węgierskiego i niemieckiego w przeddzień przełamania gorlickiego 1915 r. w świetle archiwaliów i literatury pamiętnikarskiej

The study included in this volume presents the latest state of research on the subject of aerial- aviation operations over the Galicia Eastern Front, before the breakthrough operation in Tarnów- Gorlice in 1915. The above study is based on a little-known source base, shows the contribution of the air force to the plan of the Gorlice Breakthrough from 1915, which was not professionally developed with the use of the source database of both warring parties. Studies that appeared on the Polish book market in 2015 and 2018 do not fill this gap.