scholarly journals Optimization of algoflora of sod-podzolic sand soil in the conditions of its cultivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Eugene E. Gaevskii ◽  
Yaroslav K. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Soil Algae ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Quantitative Development ◽  
Control Variant

As a result of studies of the taxonomic composition and quantitative development of soil algae on sod-podzolic sandy soil of varying degrees of optimization 45 species of soil algae were identified that belong mainly to four divisions: Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Xanthophyta. Also in the soil were found not numerous representatives of divisions Euglenophyta and Rhodophyta. Different departments are represented unequally. Most of the found representatives we edaphophilic algae, the participation of hydrophilic algae in the formation of algogroups at the studied sites was insignificant (represented by one species of Cosmarium undulatum var. minutum Wittr.). No amphibial algae were found. The species composition and the spectrum of life forms in different versions of the experiment varied. The control variant of the experiment was represented by the smallest number of species; there are also no nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in the soil.

scholarly journals Ecological and taxonomic analysis of the coastal flora of the Auliekol region (Kostanay region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Saule Koblanova ◽  
◽  
Yulia Rogozhkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Biodiversity Maintenance ◽  
Species Being

The study of flora is an important aspect of biodiversity maintenance and monitoring. Kostanay region is not a sufficiently explored region requiring a detailed analysis of coastal vegetation. During research in 2016–2019 the composition of the coastal flora of 6 geographical points was studied: rivers (Ubagan, Karasu) and natural lakes (Teacher, Solyenoe No. 1, Solyenoe No. 2, Kairankol). As a result of studies conducted on the territory of the Auliekol district of the Kostanay region, 106 species of coastal flora from 84 genera and 37 families were found. The taxonomic composition is characterized by dominance among the families Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae, among the genera — Artemisia, Plantago, Astragalus. In the Auliekol region, plants of the steppe cenotic group prevail, which is explained by the location of the study area within the Turgai lodge. In the surveyed territory, 7 ecological groups of plants were identified, with the maximum number of species being xero-mesophytes (33 taxa), the minimum — xerophytes (1 species). Among life forms, only 4 groups were noted, of which the maximum falls on perennial herbaceous plants (78 species). Uneven distribution of plants in the surveyed reservoirs was revealed. The maximum amounts falls on the floodplain of the river Ubagan, the minimum — on the lake Teacher.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of the meadow floristic complex of the ridge Ketpen-Temerlik

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
G.A. Sadyrova ◽  
◽  
T.A. Bazarbaeva ◽  
D.K. Bayzhigitov ◽  
S.M. Jamilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Meadow Species

This article presents results of long-term studies of the meadow flora of the Ketpen-Temerlik ridge within Kazakhstan and China. The article presents an analysis of the meadow floristic complex of the Ketpen-Temerlik ridge. The taxonomic diversity of species composition of meadow floristic complex, biomorphological analysis of life forms of meadow species, and also the belonging of meadow species to different geographical types of areas. A detailed floristic analysis of meadow flora made it possible to identify 624 species of vascular plants belonging to 230 genera and 47 families. According to the main taxonomic groups of plants, the meadow flora is represented by the Magnoliophyta department, which accounts for 82.2% of the total species composition, and only an insignificant percentage is in the Liliopsida department, 17.1%. The ratio of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants in meadow flora is 1: 4.8. The total number of monocotyledons covers 107 species or 17.1% of the total number of species, there are 517 species of dicotyledonous plants or 82.2%. Analysis of the largest families of meadow flora made it possible to identify 16 largest families by the largest number of species, which contain 504 species. Analysis of the species richness of the genera of flora are: Potentilla, Carex, Ranunculus, Taraxacum, Astragalus, Silene, Veronica. The leading genus of meadow flora accounts for 25.1%. The article considers a boreal nature of the meadow flora. The article reveals a large presence among the meadow flora of Ketpen-Temerlik of mountainous middle asian species with an area limited to the territories of Mountainous Middle Asia.

scholarly journals Soil algae in urban ecosystems of the city of Mariupol

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
O. G. Shekhovtseva
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Soil Algae ◽  
Benchmark Analysis ◽  
Algal Groups ◽  
The City

In the present time, a special attention is paid, worldwide, to the investigation of the biodiversity in ecosystems, as a important characteristic of the ecological investigations. The processes of urbanization of natural landscapes have caused some changes of biological factor of the soil formation and also of the formation of artificial ecological systems. The algae are an indispensable part of ecosystems, performing an important regulatory function in them. So aim of the research was to determine the systematic, environmental features, species composition of algae communities of soil in the city Mariupol (Donetsk region). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Results of use algal groups for monitoring soils of urbanized ecosystem are described. Problems of algae participation in maintenance of surface ecosystems stability under anthropogenic pressure on the environment have been discussed. Species composition and indication properties of soil algae as biological pollution indicators of the protected of the urbanized soils have been studied. The results of researches of various soil algal flora of arboreal plantations and lawns of the Mariupol industrial city are resulted. Conclusions about the influence of various kinds of anthropogenic effect upon of species diversity algae are given. Specific lines of algal groups of arboreal plantations and lawns of urban ecosystems are shown. The variety of the soil algae species has been investigated. Systematic structure at the level of orders, families, genera correlation of algae soil, life-forms are considered. The green and blue-green algae were found to be prevail, it was proved that they are the basis of dominate species complex. The greatest quantity of kinds of seaweed is allocated in zonal soils. The leading position in all investigated groups take representatives of Chlorophyta, except of the steppe phytocenoses, where the most various is the section of Cyanophyta. The increasing of species diversity of Xanthophyta is observed in the soils of background parts of man-planted forest phytocenoses. They are traditionally considered to be the index of purity of soil. Low species diversity of algoflora is a peculiarity of the city soils. Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta prevail, one-cell Xanthophyta are poor developed. A checklist of soil algal flora of the city of Mariupol is includes 78 species from five divisions: Chlorophyta – 32 (41,0 %), Cyanophyta – 25 (32,1 %), Xanthophyta – 9 (11,5 %), Bacillariophyta – 8 (10,3 %), Eustigmatophyta – 4 (5,1 %). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Including arboreal plantations 68 species: Chlorophyta – 27 (39,7 %), Cyanophyta – 20 (29,4 %), Xanthophyta – 12 (17,7 %), Bacillariophyta – 6 (8,8 %), Eustigmatophyta – 3 (4,4 %); in lawns 49 species – 23 (46,9 %), – 13 (26,5 %), – 4 (8,2 %), – 7 (14,3 %), – 2 (4,1 %) accordingly. On results researches of quantity of algal flora of urbanized soils the change of quantity is marked on the whole toward a decline. Abundance and biomass of soil algae of different in various ecosystems are given. Fluctuation ranges in biomass of algae of arboreal plantations and lawns have been registered. The species composition, ecological structure algae of arboreal plantations and lawns was analyzed. Ecological structure of algal communities of arboreal plantations and lawns: Ch16Р15С12X8H6B5M2CF2ampf2 (68) and Ch15P10В6С6Н5Х3М1NF1CF1amph1 (49) accordingly. Among the algae life forms Ch-, P-, X- and C-forms are domination (58 %).

scholarly journals Taxonomic Composition and Life Forms of the Family Asteraceae Spreading in Daridagh Massif Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
A. Heydarova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Family

The article provides information on the taxonomic composition and life forms of the Family Asteraceae Dumort, which is widespread in the Daridagh Massif area. During our research, 43 species belonging to 23 Genera of the Family Asteraceae Dumort spreaded in the Daridagh Massif area. Also, a comparative analysis of the number of species belonging to the Family and their life forms were studied. According to the analysis of the number of species of the Genera Helichrysum Mill. — 2 (4.65%), Taraxacum Wigg. — 2 (4.65℅), Centaurea L. — 3 (6.97%), Carduus L. — 3 (6.97%), Achillea L. — 3 (6.97%), Scorzonera L. — 6 (13.95%) and Tragopogon L. — 8 (18.6%) species are the main predominant species in the Daridagh Massif area and are represented by 27 (62.79%) species. The remaining Genera are monotype and consist of 16 (37.20%) species.

scholarly journals Декоративні квіткові рослини в структурі урбофлори Лісостепу України

2016 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
А. Б. Марченко
Keyword(s):  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Class Numbers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Number Of Species

За результатами моніторингу флористичного різноманіття декоративних квіткових рослин у структурі озеленення урбоекосистем Лісостепу України уточнено їх таксономічний склад, а саме представлені 118 видами із 58 родів 31 родини 16 порядків 2 класів. Домінуюче місце займає клас Dicotyledones, який представляє 66,1 %, налічує 14 порядків, серед яких за кількістю видів переважає Asterales – 34 % видів. Клас Liliopsida представлений двома порядками, серед яких за кількістю видів переважає Asparagales Bromhead (70 %). За класифікацією І. Г. Серебрякова декоративні квіткові культури представлені наземними трав’яними (98,8 %), деревними життєвими формами (1,2 %), які в свою чергу представлені монокарпічними (71 %) та полікарпічними травами (27,8 %), кущами (1,2 %). За класифікацією X. Раункієра, декоративні квіткові культури представлені життєвими формами: терофіти (71 %), криптофіти (27,8 %),фанерофіти (1,2 %). За екологічними показниками всі наземні рослини відносно до вологи поділяються на мезофіти (52 %), ксеромезофіти (24 %), ксерофіти (21 %), мезогігрофіти (3 %); відносно до інтенсивності освітленості – геліофіти (81 %), сциофіти (19 %). According to the results of monitoring of the floristic diversity of ornamental floral plants in the structure of urban ecosystems’ greenery of Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine we have clarified their taxonomic composition. Decorative floral plants in the structure of urban flora are presented by 118 species from 58 genera 31 families 16 orders of 2 classes. Dicotyledones class dominates in terms of quantity, representing 66,1 %, and the Liliopsida class represents 33,9 % of species. Dicotyledones class numbers 14 orders, in which Asteralesorder occupies a dominant place on the number of species (34 % of species), other orders of Saxifragales Dumort are represented by 13 %, Brassicales Bromhead – by 8,9 %, Ericales – by 7,6 %, Lamiales Bromhead, Rosales – by 6,4 %. Other orders are represented by 1–2 species. Liliopsida class is represented by two orders, among which Asparagales Bromhead dominates in terms of the number of species (70 %). According to the classification by I. G. Serebryakov, decorative floral plants are represented with herbal terrestrial plants (98,8 %), tree life forms (1,2 %), which are represented with monocarpic (71 %) and polycarpic herbs (27,8 % ), shrubs (1,2 %). According to the classification by H. Raunkiyer, decorative floral crops are represented by the following forms: therophytes (71 %), cryptophytes (27,8 %), tall aerial plants (1,2 %). According to all environmental indicators, in terms of moisture, all terrestrial plants are divided into mesophytes (52 %), xeromesophytes (24 %), xerophytes (21 %), mesohygrophytes (3 %); in terms of light intensity – heliophytes (81 %), sciophytes (19 %).

Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Steppe Species

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Diversity of Algae and Cyanobacteria and Bioindication Characteristics of the Alpine Lake Nesamovyte (Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine) from 100 Years Ago to the Present

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Petro M. Tsarenko ◽  
Olena P. Bilous ◽  
Olha M. Kryvosheia-Zakharova ◽  
Halyna H. Lilitska ◽  
Sophia Barinova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Alpine Lake ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Modern Species ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

The species diversity and changes in the structural dynamics of the algal flora from the alpine lake Nesamovyte has been studied for 100 years. During the period of investigations, 234 species (245 infraspecific taxa) were revealed to cover more than 70% of the modern species composition of the studied lake. The modern biodiversity of algae is characterized by an increase in the number of widespread forms, a change from the baseline “montane” complex in comparison to the beginning of the 20th century. Nevertheless, the Nesamovyte Lake still has a unique algae composition that is typical for high-mountainous European lakes. The presence of a different complex of conventionally arctic species of algae, in particular, diatoms is discussed. Structural changes in the taxonomic composition of the algal flora of the lake as well as in the complex of the leading genera, species and their diversity are revealed. An ecological analysis of the algal species composition of the lake showed vulnerability and degradation to the ecosystem of the lake. On this basis, the issue regarding the question of protection and preservation of the algae significance and uniqueness of the flora of algae in the Nesamovyte Lake are discussed.

scholarly journals The hypoxia that developed in a microtidal estuary following an extreme storm produced dramatic changes in the benthos

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Tweedley ◽  
Chris S. Hallett ◽  
Richard M. Warwick ◽  
K. Robert Clarke ◽  
Ian C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Taxonomic Distinctness ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Extreme Storm ◽  
Evenness Index

Runoff from an extreme storm on 22 March 2010 led, during the next 3 months, to the formation of a pronounced halocline and underlying hypoxia in the upper reaches of the microtidal Swan–Canning Estuary. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled between January 2010 and October 2011 at five sites along 10km of this region. By mid-April, the number of species, total density, Simpson’s evenness index and taxonomic distinctness had declined markedly, crustaceans had disappeared and the densities of annelids and molluscs had declined slightly. These faunal attributes (except Simpson’s index) and species composition did not recover until after the end of the hypoxia. The survival of annelids and loss of crustaceans in this period reflects different sensitivities of these taxa to severe environmental stress. The results emphasise that microtidal estuaries with long residence times are highly vulnerable to the effects of environmental perturbations, particularly during warmer periods of the year.

Numerical Analysis of Settlement for Unusual Footing (L-Shape) on Layered Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Lamyaa Najah Snodi ◽  
Anfal Mansur Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Layered Soil ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
First Case ◽  
Element Program

Transfer the load from the foundation to the soil causes deformation that soil and surface of the soil near the foundation. Results of the settlement or deformation occurring under the foundation cause destroyed of structure built on it, due to the soil fail. This paper presents a numerical analysis to study the settlement of unusual footing (L-shape) on a two-layered soil using finite element program (ELPLA). Two cases for layered soil were studied, the first case of a layer of sand over the clayey soil, and the second case of clayey soil over the sand soil. The footing (L shape) having different depth from the surface of soil (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5m) and the loading was (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kN/m2) for two cases of layered soil are analyzed. The results for this analysis show that the settlement increase with depth of footing for each load, and when the loading increase the settlement also increase. Curves for load – settlement were almost similar for all depths of footing. Settlements values various between two cases , when sandy soil over clayey soil the settlements was high than when clayey soil over sandy soil.

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