FUNGICIDE SEED TREATMENT OF RYEGRASSES TO IMPROVE SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT AND INCREASE FORAGE YIELDS

1982 ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
R.E. Falloon
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Routine Treatment ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Forage Yields

Treatment of seed of four ryegrass cultivars (Lolium spp.) with captan or thiram before sowing increased herbage yields from field plots 3 months after sowing by 33% (Ruanui), 51% (Manawa), 51% (Paroa) and 104% (Moata). Herbage yields and numbers of established plants were closely correlated. A second trial measured yield of Ruanui during 12 months following sowing. Captan seed treatment increased dry matter by 51% at conventional seeding rates (17.5 kg/ ha). Dry matter from plots sown with captan treated seed at 2.2 kg/ha did not differ from that from plots sown with untreated seed at 17.5 kg/ ha. Routine treatment of ryegrass seed to improve seedling establishment is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Phosphonate (AG3) Suppresses Pythium Damping-off of Cucumber Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Abbasi ◽  
G. Lazarovits
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Loam Soil

A formulation of phosphonate (AG3) was tested as a seed treatment for the control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants under controlled environment and field conditions. Cucumber seed were treated by soaking for 10 min in phosphonate solution. They were then planted into peat-based mix or sandy-loam soil mixed with Pythium aphanidermatum or P. ultimum inoculum or into muck soil naturally infested with P. irregulare, P. ultimum, and other Pythium spp. Under growth-room conditions, phosphonate seed treatment provided more than 80% control of damping-off in all infested substrates tested. Effective disease control was obtained even when treated seed were stored for 5 weeks and up to 18 months prior to planting. In microplots containing naturally infested muck soil, phosphonate seed treatment decreased the percentage of diseased cucumber plants and increased total fresh weights compared with untreated seed and phosphonate post-planting drench. In field-plot tests 6 weeks after planting treated seed in Pythium-infested muck soil, cucumber stands were 63% compared with 18% in the control, which had no phosphonate exposure, and 53% in the post-planting drench. Tests for potential phytotoxicity in the greenhouse showed that radish and bok choy germination was reduced by phosphonate treatment but corn, cucumber, soybean, sugar beet, tomato, and wheat were not affected. Phosphonate seed treatment is a cost-effective way of protecting cucumber plants from Pythium damping-off.

Effect of selenium seed treatment on selenium concentrations in soybeans

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. MacLeod ◽  
Umesh C. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Se Status

This study was conducted in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, to determine the effect selenium (Se) treated seed on Se concentrations in soybean seed (Glycine max). Seed Se concentrations were also compared to those obtained with foliar applied Se. An application of 10 g Se ha−1 as seed treatment raised soybean Se concentrations to more than 0.5 mg kg−1. Soybeans with these Se concentrations, when included in rations at 200 kg t−1 with other low Se ingredients, would produce rations exceeding 0.1 mg Se kg−1, i.e., the minimum level required to prevent Se deficiency in livestock. Seed treatment with 100 g Se ha−1 produced soybean Se concentrations greater than 10 mg Se kg−1. When included in rations at 200 kg t−1 with other low Se feed sources, soybeans with such Se levels would produce rations in excess of the maximum tolerable dietary concentration of 2 mg Se kg−1 dry matter. Even higher soybean Se concentrations were obtained from equivalent Se rates when applied as foliar spray. In summary, treatment of soybean seed with Se has a potential for improving the Se status of rations that would be formulated with ingredients originating from Se deficient areas. Key words: Foliar applied Se, seed Se, sandy loam, Eastern Canada

Sowing Method and Seed Treatment Effects on Jack Pine Direct Seeding

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
Laird Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Upper Slope

Abstract Jack pine seed from local seed sources received six treatment combinations by Hilleshog AB of Sweden as follows: (1) control, no treatment, (2) pelleting, (3) coloring, (4) pelleting and coloring, (5) coloring and scenting, and (6) pelleting, coloring and scenting. Laboratory tests performed by Hilleshog AB, a Swedish agriculture seed treating company that pelleted the test seed, showed pelleting to slow the rate of germination, but germination capacity was greater than 90% after 21 days for all treatments. Treated seed were factorially combined with hand and mechanical sowing methods with Bracke scarification in May 1984 on a sandy jack pine site west of Thunder Bay. Another treatment consisted of manually made pyramidal impressions from a corrugated pallet, which compacted the upper-mid-slope region of the scalp. This treatment, randomized within the 2 × 6 factorial design was then hand sown with untreated seed. Percentage of stocked scalps 2 months after germination showed hand sowing to be superior to machine sowing (45% vs 36%). Hand-sown untreated seed performed slightly better than treated seed (58% vs 32%-49%), but differences between seed treatments were not significant when sown by machine. Best results were obtained from untreated seed sown onto the upper slope of a Bracke scalp stabilized by the corrugated pallet (79%). Microsite stabilization appears critical for successful stocking of jack pine and merits further study toward scarification machinery modification. North. J. Appl. For. 5:237-240, December 1988.

PEPPER SEED TREATMENT FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE GERMINATION

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN O’SULLIVAN ◽  
W. J. BOUW
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Surface Drying ◽  
Temperature Time

Low-temperature germination and emergence of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) seed was accelerated by imbibition in salt (KNO3 + K3PO4∙H2O) and PEG solutions at 20 °C. Salt-treated seed had a faster rate of germination and emergence than PEG-treated seed. The stimulating effect of salt solutions on germination was most marked at 12.5 °C. At this temperature, time to 50% germination was up to 14 days less for treated seed than for untreated seed. Similar effects were noted on emergence at 17.5/7.5 °C and 20/10 °C, day/night temperatures. Imbibed seed emerged up to 6 days earlier than untreated seed. The concentration of the salt solution determined the duration of the treatment period. Surface drying the seed at room temperature for 1 day prior to sowing resulted in only a slight reduction on advancement of rate of germination and emergence. Drying followed by storage for up to 21 days did not markedly reduce the beneficial effect on germination and emergence of seeds imbibed in a 1.5% solution, but, for seeds imbibed in water or dilute salt solutions, most of the effect on stimulating germination and emergence was lost by drying for 7 days.Key words: Capsicum annum, osmoconditioning, KNO3 + K3PO4∙H2O, polyethylene glycol, germination, emergence

Genetic and Seed Treatment Effects in Organic Peanut

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Cantonwine ◽  
C.C. Holbrook ◽  
A.K. Culbreath ◽  
R.S. Tubbs ◽  
M.A. Boudreau
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Low Incidence

ABSTRACT Stand establishment has been a challenge for organic peanut production in the Southeastern United States. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 in research plots certified for organic production to evaluate the potential of genotype selection, shelling procedure, and seed treatment with Bacillus subtilis to improve stand establishment and seedling emergence rates, reduce incidence of Aspergillus crown rot, and increase seedling biomass. Seed of 15 peanut genotypes were mechanically shelled or hand-shelled, and treated with B. subtilis or untreated prior to planting in early June. Percent stand was estimated for each plot 17–21 days after planting (DAP), and percent seedlings affected by Aspergillus crown rot and plant biomass were estimated 21–24 DAP. Seed treatment significantly affected stand establishment for three genotypes each year, Georgia-01R both years, C-99R and Tifguard in 2007, and C34-24-69 and C724-19-25 in 2009. In all of these cases, the hand-shelled plots had significantly greater stands than the mechanically shelled plots for untreated and/or B. subtilis treated seed. B. subtilis treatment improved stands for two of the mechanically shelled treatments that significantly responded to hand shelling. Despite low incidence, there was a significant reduction of crown rot in the hand-shelled plots compared to the mechanically shelled plots across years and genotypes. The cultivar Georganic, which has been planted to organic peanut systems in Georgia in recent years, was among the genotypes with the lowest seedling establishment rates and biomass. Based on these results, it is recommended that sorting thresholds for damaged seed be higher for seed destined for organic production, and that breeding efforts that include assessments of factors involved in seedling establishment and growth be prioritized.

Suppression of wheat seedling establishment by maneb

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (68) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Mercuric Acetate ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Untreated Seed ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
One Year

Seed of eight wheat cultivars dusted at 2 g kg-1 with the new bunticide maneb (75 per cent) was compared for possible phytotoxicity with seed dusted with phenyl mercuric acetate (1.5 per cent Hg), previously used for bunt control, and with untreated seed. Maneb and PMA did not affect field establishment when the seed was sown two months after treatment. Field establishment of all cultivars was reduced when dusted seed was stored for more than one year. The reduction was greater with maneb-treated seed than with PMA-treated seed except for the cultivar Summit, which was more susceptible to PMA. Cultivars varied in their susceptibility to maneb: Eagle was most affected, giving less than 50 per cent establishment compared with untreated seed. Grain yields, 1000-grain weights, and hectolitre weights, however, were not reduced. It is concluded that prolonged storage of seed treated with maneb should be avoided and that prospective commercial wheat cultivars should be tested for tolerance to current bunticides.

scholarly journals PRAIRIE GRASS ESTABLISHMENT AFFECTED BY SEED TREATMENT AND SOWING DATE

1985 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
R.E. Falloon
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Grass Establishment

Effects of two different fungicide seed treatments, inoculation of seed with teliospores of the head smut fungus (Ustilago bullata Berk.), and five different autumn sowing dates, on establishment of prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth cv. 'Grasslands Matua,'), were examined in a field trial. Seedling establishment was increased by thiram seed treatment and decreased by inoculation of seed with U. bullata. Greater numbers of seedlings established from early sowings, when soil temperatures were higher, than from late sowings. Suitable seed treatments to increase the likelihood of successful establishment of prairie grass are discussed. Keywords: Bromus willdenowii, seedling establishment, seed treatments, thiram, Ustilago bullata, sowing dates, soil temperatures

EFFECTS OF IMAZALIL SEED TREATMENT ON SUBCROWN INTERNODE LENGTHS AND COLEOPTILE-NODE-TILLERING IN WHEAT

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1467-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. F. CHINN ◽  
P. R. VERMA ◽  
D. T. SPURR
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Treated Seed

The effects of seed treatment with imazalil at 0.2 and 0.3 g a.i./kg seed on subcrown internode length and occurrence of coleoptile-node-tillers (CNT) was studied in four spring wheat cultivars at two locations in Saskatchewan. Without treatment, Cypress had the longest internodes followed in descending order by Glenlea, Neepawa, and Wascana. Generally, plants from imazalil-treated seed had significantly shorter subcrown internodes. Only a few plants from nontreated seed produced CNT and of these, many were soft or aborted, while the treated seed produced a number of CNT and many of these were firm tillers. The possible importance of these morphological changes in the reduction of common root rot, on drought resistance, cold hardiness, and yield is discussed.

Reducing Herbicide Injury to Sorghum with Crop Protectants

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Spotanski ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Treated Seed

Greenhouse and field studies were used to evaluate crop protectants with herbicides in order to obtain selective, broad-spectrum weed control in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘RS 626’]. Of the herbicides evaluated alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide] was the only one causing sorghum injury that could be moderated with crop protectants. The crop protectant anhydride (1,8-napthalic anhydride) was most effective in reducing alachlor injury when applied as a seed treatment at 0.5% (w/w). Storage of anhydride-treated seed for 1 year did not increase anhydride damage to sorghum seedlings. Preplant applications of alachlor, incorporated into the soil, caused four times more injury to sorghum than did the same rate applied preemergence. Combinations of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] and alachlor did not increase sorghum injury or alter the effects of the crop protectants. In the field, anhydride was the most effective crop protectant used. Crop protectant R-28725 (2,2-dimethyl-3-dichloroacetyloxazolidine) at 0.5% w/w to sorghum seed and at 0.6 kg/ha as a tank mix was effective in reducing sorghum injury at the lower alachlor rates. Crop protectant R-25788 (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) was the least effective of those studied; however, seed treatment at 0.5% w/w was more effective than the tank mixes.

EFFECT OF SEED SOURCE ON GROWTH OF GIANT WILDRYE (Elymus cinereus) AT TWO ELEVATIONS IN INTERIOR BRITISH COLUMBIA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. HALL ◽  
D. G. STOUT ◽  
B. BROOKE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Reciprocal Transplants ◽  
Altitude Adaptation ◽  
Low Altitude

Giant wildrye (Elymus cinereus Scribn. & Merr.) plants grown from seed obtained at two altitudes (346, 930 m) were transplanted to two sites (346, 900 m) and observed for 3 yr. Plants from the low altitude source produced more dry matter at both sites. More plants from the low altitude source produced seed heads at the low altitude site but seed head production of plants from the two sources was similar at the high altitude site. Provided studies of germination, seedling establishment and initial growth at different elevations were favorable, seed from low altitude sources could be used indiscriminately for establishing stands of giant wildrye. This would greatly simplify the use of giant wildrye as a forage crop in areas where varying altitude was of concern.Key words: Elymus cinereus, altitude adaptation, growth forms, reciprocal transplants, ecotypes

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