scholarly journals Caucasian clover/ryegrass produced more legume than white clover/ryegrass pastures in a grazed comparison

2000 ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Black ◽  
K.M. Pollock ◽  
R.J. Lucas ◽  
J.M. Amyes ◽  
D.B. Pownall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
P Values ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Clover Pasture

The potential of caucasian clover to improve the legume content of lowland New Zealand pastures should result in enhanced animal performance. Liveweight gains from eight flocks of ewe lambs rotationally grazing irrigated ryegrass pasture with caucasian or white clover at two levels of soil fertility (Olsen P values 10 or 22) were compared during years 2 (1998/1999) and 3 (1999/2000) of an ongoing grazing experiment in a lowland environment. Clovers were sown in December 1996 and ryegrass in March 1997 into the pure clover swards. Lamb liveweight gains were similar in year 2 (1130 kg/ha/yr), but in year 3, gains were greater on pastures sown with caucasian than on those sown with white clover (1290 vs. 1110 kg/ ha/yr). Spring liveweight gains per head per day averaged 170 g/hd/d in year 2, and in year 3 were greater from caucasian than white clover pasture (180 vs. 160 g/hd/d). Caucasian clover pastures had more legume on offer than pastures sown with white clover in year 2 (26% vs. 17%) and year 3 (19% vs. 12%). In year 3, 39% of the total legume on offer in caucasian clover pastures was volunteer white clover. Soil fertility had little influence on results. Early years of this grazing experiment showed that caucasian clover can establish as well as white clover if sown alone, and that sowing caucasian clover can result in lowland pastures with an increased total legume content which may improve liveweight gains. Keywords: legume content, Lolium perenne, pasture production, sheep liveweight gain, Trifolium ambiguum, T. repens

scholarly journals Caucasian clover was more productive than white clover in grass mixtures under drought conditions

2000 ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Black ◽  
R.J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Schedonorus Phoenix

This experiment compared the productivity of caucasian or white clover when established with five perennial grass species over 6 years in a dry lowland environment. Hexaploid 'Endura' caucasian clover or 'Grasslands Demand' white clover were sown in December 1994 with high endophyte 'Yatsyn' perennial ryegrass, 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot, 'Grasslands Advance' tall fescue, 'Grasslands Gala' grazing brome, or 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris into a deep, fertile silt loam. Initial establishment of clovers was poor with ryegrass and grazing brome. Some volunteer white clover established in all 10 treatments. After the first 14 months, no irrigation was applied over the following 4 years. Sheep grazed plots about six times each year. The legume cover in 15-month-old pastures was higher when sown with white clover (29%) than caucasian clover (21%) but dry conditions during 1997/1998 (60% of 680 mm mean annual rainfall) and 1998/1999 (66% of mean rainfall) decreased the percentage of legume in white clover pastures. In February 1998 and March 1999, legume contributed 37% and 21% of the dry matter (DM) in caucasian clover pastures, but only 4% and 1% in pastures sown with white clover. Rainfall during the sixth season (1999/2000) was more favourable (111% of mean rainfall). Total DM production from July 1999 to June 2000 was 10.0 t DM/ha from caucasian clover pastures and 8.7 t DM/ha from pastures sown with white clover. The mean proportion of legume in white clover pastures ranged from 9% when sown with ryegrass and phalaris to 1% with cocksfoot. In contrast, mean caucasian clover legume contents were similar across all grass treatments at 20%, but reached 46% with cocksfoot during summer. It was concluded that caucasian clover is more tolerant of summer moisture stress than white clover when in association with perennial grass species. Keywords: botanical composition, Bromus stamineus, Dactylis glomerata, legume content, Lolium perenne, moisture stress, pasture production, Phalaris aquatica, Schedonorus phoenix syn. Festuca arundinacea, Trifolium ambiguum, T. repens

scholarly journals Fertiliser use in the Bay of Plenty, Waikato and South Auckland regions

1997 ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
P.J. Butler ◽  
T.J. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
P Values ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Fertiliser Use

In the area from Taupo to Auckland, and North Island wide, BOP Fertiliser Ltd, Mt Maunganui, supplies some 700 000 t of fertiliser annually. In the years 1994/95, 1995/96 and 1996/97 total fertiliser sales were 668 900, 700 700 and 678 100 respectively. BOP Fertiliser supplied fertiliser to approximately 50% of New Zealand dairy farms. Nitrogen was applied to 91% of dairy farms at an average annual input of 58 kg N/ha. Less than 4% of farms applying N received >200 kg N/ha. Some 23% of dairy farms received less than maintenance P (30 kg/ha). A review of soil fertility levels on dairy farms in 1996/97 using soil test results from the Soil Fertility Service laboratories at Ruakura suggests some 38% of Olsen P values on dairy farms were below optimum (

scholarly journals Nitrogen fixation by caucasian clover and white clover in irrigated ryegrass pastures

2001 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
R.G. Purves ◽  
A.D. Black ◽  
P. Jarvis ◽  
R.J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
White Clover ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Enrichment Technique ◽  
15N Enrichment ◽  
Clover Content

The N2 fixation ability of caucasian clover was compared with that of white clover in irrigated ryegrass pastures over years 2 and 3 of a grazing experiment, using the 15N enrichment technique. 'Endura' caucasian clover was inoculated with the specific Rhizobium strain ICC148. The N concentration in clover herbage and the proportion of clover N derived from N2 fixation (PN) were similar for both clovers at averages of 4.6%N and 50-60% respectively over the 2 years. The amount of N2 fixed per hectare was directly related to the amount of clover dry matter (DM) produced by the two clover species. Caucasian clover produced four times the DM yield of white clover in year 2 (5400 cf. 1450 kg DM/ha) and four times the amount of N2 fixed in herbage (136 cf. 36 kg N/ ha). In year 3, caucasian clover produced 50% more clover DM (3450 cf. 2370 kg DM/ha) and N2 fixed (98 cf. 66 kg N/ha) than white clover. The increased N input from caucasian clover increased grass %N and N uptake from soil in caucasian clover pastures resulting in higher total pasture production compared with white clover pastures (15.7 cf. 14.2 t DM/ha) by year 3. In this study, caucasian clover demonstrated greater potential than white clover to meet the N demands of high-yielding perennial ryegrass in an intensive pastoral system. Keywords: clover content, Lolium perenne, nitrogen fixation, pasture production, Trifolium ambiguum, T. repens

Grazing alternative herbages in lactation increases the liveweight of both ewe lambs and their progeny at weaning

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Corner-Thomas ◽  
P. D. Kemp ◽  
S. T. Morris ◽  
P. R. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Farm Profit ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clover Pasture

Breeding ewe lambs is a management tool that can be used to increase farm profit. However, there are potential negative impacts on the liveweight of progeny at weaning and the liveweight of the ewe lamb at the following breeding. A potential method of minimising these impacts is through the provision of quality herbages such as lucerne or a herb mix containing chicory, plantain, and red and white clover. The aim of this 2-year study was to examine the impact of offering ewe lambs either a traditional ryegrass and white clover pasture (Pasture), Herb-mix or Lucerne throughout the lambing period and in lactation. During lactation in both years of the study, ewe lambs offered the Herb-mix or Lucerne treatments were heavier (P < 0.05) than those offered Pasture. In addition, progeny of ewe lambs offered the Herb-mix or Lucerne treatment were also heavier (P < 0.05) in lactation than those born onto ryegrass white clover. Interestingly, in one of the 2 years, the ewes and their progeny on the Lucerne treatment were heavier (P < 0.05) in lactation than those in the Herb-mix treatment. Combined, these results indicated that offering either Herb-mix or Lucerne increases the performance of the young dam and her progeny above that found on a ryegrass and white clover sward.

scholarly journals Effects of soil fertility on the persistence of dryland cocksfoot and tall fescue pastures

1998 ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
D.R. Smith ◽  
T.J. Fraser ◽  
C.A. Moffat ◽  
M.J. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South

The persistence of pastures sown with tall fescue, cocksfoot or mixtures of the two species was evaluated by tiller core measurements on 106 paddocks that had been sown in 1989 or 1991 on dryland east coast sheep/beef farms. In both North and South Island paddocks, cocksfoot was the dominant grass in mixtures of tall fescue and cocksfoot. Tall fescue presence was usually much lower than that of ryegrass and other unsown grasses, regardless of sowing mixture. High levels of cocksfoot were associated with low levels of ryegress, browntop and other perennial grasses. North Island paddocks had higher P levels (Olsen P=25) than South Island paddocks (Olsen P=21) but had lower levels of clover (32%) and higher levels of browntop (26%) than South Island paddocks (52% clover, 13% browntop). In North Island paddocks sown with cocksfoot, there were weak, negative associations of white clover with fertiliser N inputs (r = -0.45) and soil P levels (r = - 0.41). These effects of P and N on clover appeared to be owing to increased cocksfoot dominance at high fertility. In the North Island, the best white clover presence was found in pastures that were low in cocksfoot but high in ryegrass, browntop and other unsown perennial grasses. In the South Island there was no significant association of clover with soil test levels or fertiliser history. Comparison of 1996 measurements made on North Island paddocks with 1991 measurements on the same paddocks indicated that establishment effects could have long-term effects on the persistence of tall fescue and cocksfoot. Inclusion of cocksfoot in the seed mix reduced tall fescue persistence. High levels of perennial ryegrass at establishment were also associated with poor tall fescue persistence. These effects appeared to be more important than soil fertility constraints in reducing tall fescue persistence. The presence of other vigorous grasses, such as ryegrass, during establishment may also reduce or delay cocksfoot dominance and thus improve white clover persistence. Keywords: cocksfoot, dryland, pasture persistence, soil fertility, tall fescue

scholarly journals Strategies to maximise establishment and production of oversown caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
W.L. Lowther ◽  
Heather N. Pryor ◽  
K.D. Trainor
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tussock Grassland ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is an alternative legume for areas where white clover (T. repens L.) growth is limited. However, slow establishment has been a problem when caucasian clover has been oversown. Results from two tussock grassland sites have demonstrated the importance of the initial establishment of caucasian clover. Caucasian clover dry matter production after 6 years was still related to original seedling establishment. This result was obtained in ungrazed swards, conditions likely to maximise the ability of caucasian clover to spread by rhizomes and natural reseeding. The results indicate that caucasian clover may make little contribution to legume yield in these environments for at least 6 years unless satisfactory numbers of plants are established initially. Maintenance fertiliser application, in early years at least, appears similar to that required by white clover. Yields of caucasian clover swards in the 6th year when maintenance fertiliser had been applied were 3-7 times those when fertiliser had been applied only at sowing. The paper also provides possible explanations for establishment failures that have already occurred, and provides information on correct management techniques to maximise establishment of oversown caucasian clover. Keywords: caucasian clover, establishment, fertiliser, hill country, inoculation, nodulation, oversowing, pasture, Trifolium ambiguum

LIME AND PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS FOR HILL COUNTRY YELLOW-BROWN EARTHS

1984 ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Edmeades ◽  
C. Feyter ◽  
M.B. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Soil Liming ◽  
Legume Production ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements

Three fertiliser trials on hill country yellow-brown earths are discussed, The results show that on a newly sown ryegrass (Lolium perenne) white clover (Trifolium repens) Pasture 90% maximum pasture production was achieved at an Olsen P level of 13-15 ppm. On a reverted browntop (Agrostis tenuis) pasture an Olsen P concentration of at least 25 ppm was required for 90% maximum production. Reasons for this difference are discussed. Liming increased pasture dry matter production on all sites and the largest increases in production occurred at low (1.25 t/ha) rates. There was no evidence that liming enhanced P availability and therefore lime and P requirements for these soils should be considered independently. Phosphorus applications generally increased legume production but the effects of lime were variable. On the Mahoenui soil liming increased grass growth at the expense of the legume component but on the Marua soils liming increased the legume content. An explanation for this is suggested. The practical implications of these results are discussed. Keywords: lime, phosphorus, fertiliser requirements, yellow brown earths, hill country, pasture production, pasture composition, ryegrass, white clover, browntop.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL FERTILITY, PASTURE BOTANICAL COMPOSITION, AND PASTURE GROWTH RATE; FOR A NORTH ISLAND LOWLAND PASTURE

1988 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
C. Matthew ◽  
R.W. Tillman ◽  
M.J. Hedley ◽  
M.C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
The Relationship

Soil chemical fertility, pasture composition and pasture production data were collected for seven 'microsites' within two farmlets at Massey University's No. 1 sheep farm. Palmerston North. The two farmlets had been maintained for twenty years at stocking rates of 26 and 16 su/ha, and were found to have gradients (presumed to result from sheep grazing and camping behaviour) of increasing soil fertility away from a road and towards a shelterbelt. Microsites were placed along these gradients to include contrasting fertility levels for the two stocking rates. Mean values for soil pH, Olsen P and 'quicktest' K tiller density for the various pasture species and pasture production at each of the seven microsites are presented. A microsite where Olsen P = 109 was barley grass dominant and produced 10.5 t DM/ha/year. For other microsites ryegrass tillers per m2 increased with P and stocking rate; and white clover and sweet vernal growing points/tillers per m2 decreased with increasing P. Production ranged from 9.9 t DM/ha/year where Olsen P = 14 to 19.1 t DM/ha/year with different seasonal timing where Olsen P = 66.

AN EVALUATION OF GRASSLANDS ROA TALL FESCUE AND GRASSLANDS MARU PHALARIS FOR DAIRYING

1988 ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
J.F. Lagan ◽  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
R. Prestidge
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Clover Pasture

The Suitability of Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festura arundinacea Scherb) and Grasslands Maru phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L) for dairying in a grass grub prone environment was evaluated. Pasture growth studies (1961-1984) showed Roa and Maru to produce 16% more drymatter (DM) than ryegrass but the seasonality of growth differed. Roa was more productive in spring and Maru in late-autumn and early winter. The increased tolerance to grass grub and greater DM production suggested that these grasses may be more suitable to dairying than ryegrass. Since 1964 dairy production has been compared from two pasture systems; one comprising 66% Roa/white clover and 33% Maru/white clover and the other a 30 year old ryegrass/white clover pasture, each stocked at 3.7 and 4.3 cows/ha. Results from the farmlet study highlighted the superiority of DM production from Roa and Maru pastures but total milkfat production was similar lrrespecivwe of pasture type or stocking rate. Roa/Maru pastures produced more milkfat in autumn, but this only compensated for less producton over summer. The present work highlights the danger that herbage production data may not accurately predict animal productivity Keywords: Dairy production, ryegrass, pasture production, pasture composition, sodium levels

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