scholarly journals Genetic improvements in New Zealand forage cultivars

1999 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Genetic Gains

Substantial genetic gains have been achieved across a range of temperate forage grass and legume species in New Zealand during the past 60 years. The genetic gains reported here compare favourably with those achieved in cereals and with those achieved for similar species internationally. Substantial improvements in grain yield of cereal crops have been achieved through changes in harvest index; however, increases in yield of forage grasses and legumes reflect increases in total above ground biomass. Rates of genetic gain have been lower in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) than in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and lower in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) than in annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Gains in forage yield and quality have often exceeded 1% per year and have led to significant (0.3 to 1.3% per year) increases in animal performance. Keywords: animal performance, forages, genetic improvement, quality, symbiotic associations, yield

Identification and host range assessment of Paratylenchus nanus (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae) and Paratrichodorus minor (Triplonchida: Trichodoridae)

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Bell ◽  
Richard Watson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
New Host ◽  
Neotyphodium Endophyte ◽  
Pasture Plants ◽  
New Host Records

AbstractAdult and juvenile characters were used to identify Paratylenchus nanus Cobb, 1923 and Paratrichodorus minor (Colbran, 1956) Siddiqi, 1974 from soils under pasture in New Zealand. In glasshouse tests of 15 pasture plants, common in New Zealand, all good hosts (ratio of final to initial population >1) of P. nanus were grasses, namely Dactylis glomerata , Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne (Neotyphodium endophyte-infected and-free), all new host records for this species. Good hosts of P.minor included those listed for P.nanus and Festuca arundinacea (endophyte-free) , Poa annua , Trifolium pratense , T. repens and T. subterraneum. Except for T. repens, these are all new host records for P.minor in New Zealand.

Seeding patterns and companion grasses affect total forage yield and components of binary red clover–grass mixtures

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Lafrenière ◽  
Raynald Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils

Lafrenière, C. and Drapeau, R. 2011. Seeding patterns and companion grasses affect total forage yield and components of binary red clover–grass mixtures. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 91–97. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is the most popular seeded legume for forage production in northern Quebec and Ontario because of the poorly drained soils that prevail in these regions. The objective of this experiment was to determine which seeding patterns [mixed within a row (MR), single alternate rows (1+1), or double alternate rows (2+2)] and which companion grasses (smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis L.; tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L.; or timothy, Phleum pratense L.), in association with red clover, were best for sustaining the total forage yield of a red clover–grass mixture and how these factors affect red clover and grass components. Test plots were established at Kapuskasing, ON, and Normandin, QC. At each site, two independent seedings were performed and harvested over 3 yr following the seeding year. Total dry matter (DM) yield and contribution of red clover grasses and weeds to total forage yield were measured. The MR pattern gave higher yield over both alternate seeding patterns by nearly 0.5 Mg DM ha−1 at the Normandin site and 1.0 Mg DM ha–1 at the Kapuskasing site. Neither the seeding pattern nor the companion grass species improved significantly the contribution of red clover to total forage yield beyond the second production year even though there were differences between sites. Environmental conditions, principally high precipitation in the fall, and maturity stage at harvest resulted in major differences between sites. Results from this experiment showed that tall fescue and orchardgrass could be good alternatives to timothy or bromegrass in association with red clover given that plots were still productive in the third production year and invasion by weeds was lower.

scholarly journals Study Sowing Grasslands Based on Red Clover with Perennial Grasses

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denes DEAK ◽  
Ioan ROTAR ◽  
Florin PACURAR ◽  
Anca BOGDAN
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Stable Manure

Seeded lawns is one of the most important links in the process of improving the forage base, ensure feed quality with high productivity. Mixtures of red clover crops (Trifolium pratense) with perennial grasses (Lolium multiflorum, Phleum pratense and Poa pratensis) has high productivity due to better utilization of ecological niches of the biotope (ROTAR I.et al.). These crops has advantages like high content of protein because of the red clover, economy-based fertilizer nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen fixation by bacteria Rhizobium spp. located in the root of legumes. These seeded pastures get a balanced feed nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids), have a high palatability. The species Trifolium pratense has a greater capacity to restore the soil structure and also the enrichment of the macro-elements, like phosphorus and potassium (CARLIER L., et. al). Our experience took place in the village Simonesti, Cobătesti village of the Harghita county. The experimental field was located respecting the experimental technique rules in randomized blocks with a technique that includes three variants based on red clover plus a perennial grass (Lolium multiflorum, Poa pratensis and Phleum pratense). Every version was fertilized with two types of fertilizer: one liquid (gull) and one solid (stable manure) in four different doses in all three variants. The doses were: V1 = 0 gull; V2 = 5 t / ha gull; V3 = 10 t / ha gull; V4 = 20 t / ha gulle and V1 = 0 stable manure; V2 = 10 t / ha stable manure; V3 = 30 t / ha stable manure and V4 = 50 t / ha stable manure. In our studies we present the influence of fertilization with gull and stable manure on yield of green mass of all three variants. In general, both gull fertilization with manure favors grasses at the expense of installing legumes. The higher doses of fertilizer increase, the share of participant of grasses increases.

Phytotoxicity of Glyphosate to Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Segura ◽  
S. W. Bingham ◽  
C. L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Clover Seed

The phytotoxicity of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] on seeds (protected or non-protected with soil) and seedlings of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorumLam.) and red clover(Trifolium pratenseL.) was studied in the greenhouse. Percent germination of Italian ryegrass seeds covered with soil was significantly reduced with glyphosate applied at 4 kg/ha. The direct treatment over the seeds on the soil surface was more toxic, reducing the number of established seedlings at dosages of 3 and 4 kg/ha. In the two red clover seed treatments, germination was significantly reduced with 2 kg/ha of herbicide. Even though germination was reduced at intermediate rates of glyphosate, shoot growth and tillering were improved and yields of dry weight were equivalent to that of untreated plants. Postemergence applications of glyphosate were phytotoxic to both species with the effects becoming more pronounced at increasing dosages. However, at equal dosage, red clover was less susceptible than Italian ryegrass. The patterns of foliar absorption and translocation of14C from14C-glyphosate was similar in Italian ryegrass and red clover.14C was translocated throughout the plants and exhibited apoplastic and symplastic movement.

scholarly journals Forage yield and persistence of red clover progenies in two environments

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Portella Montardo ◽  
Miguel Dall'Agnol ◽  
Nilton Rodrigues Paim
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Physiographic Regions

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important temperate legume species, used to lessen the lack of forage during the critical fall-winter period in Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. However, its utilization has been restricted mainly because of its lack of persistence. This work evaluates the dry matter yield and persistence of red clover half-sib progenies in two physiographic regions of RS: "Depressão Central", in Eldorado do Sul and "Encosta Superior do Nordeste", in Veranópolis. Experiments were carried out for two growing seasons and results were compared to two red clover commercial checks, Qüiñequeli and Estanzuela 116. The region of Veranópolis was more adequate for red clover forage production, enabling better yield and persistence. The best check for both locations was cultivar Estanzuela 116. At Eldorado do Sul persistence was highly affected and some progenies were superior to the best check. At Veranópolis the best check was very productive, with good persistence. The best progenies at both locations were selected to be propagated and submitted to additional recurrent selection cycles.

Potential of summer-active temperate (C3) perennial forages to mitigate the detrimental effects of supraoptimal temperatures on summer home-grown feed production in south-eastern Australian dairying regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Langworthy ◽  
Richard P. Rawnsley ◽  
Mark J. Freeman ◽  
Keith G. Pembleton ◽  
Ross Corkrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
South Eastern

In many south-eastern Australian dairying regions, supraoptimal ambient temperatures (Ta > 30°C) often challenge the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)-dominated feed-base during the summer months. A glasshouse experiment was undertaken to identify alternative summer-active temperate (C3) perennial forages more tolerant of supraoptimal temperature stress (day/night Ta of 38/25°C) than perennial ryegrass. Supraoptimal temperature stress was imposed both with and without irrigation. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) was the only species to survive 18 days of combined supraoptimal temperature stress and non-irrigation. Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) survived 12 days of this treatment. Twelve days of exposure to these conditions caused death of perennial ryegrass, prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Irrigation (daily to through drainage) mitigated detrimental effects of imposed supraoptimal temperature stress on the growth and survival of all species. Chicory and to a lesser extent lucerne, plantain, and tall fescue may have a role to play in south-eastern Australian dairying regions, where supraoptimal temperature stress is a frequent and ongoing issue.

scholarly journals Modern methods for genetic improvement of Trifolium pratense.

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Řepková ◽  
J. Nedělník
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
New Variety

This review focuses on trends in genetic improvement of a significant representative forage crop, Trifolium pratense (red clover) classified taxonomically into the agronomically outstanding family Fabaceae. Red clover breeding is aimed at improving traits like persistency, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, forage yield and quality characteristics such as protein quality and stability. Isoflavone content in forage is important for cattle reproduction. Interspecific hybridization of red clover with the related wild species T. medium was used for the introgression of useful traits into red clover. The breeding strategy for the new variety Pramedi included hybrid plants with different DNA contents, repeated backcrosses with red clover, followed by family selection. New techniques of molecular genetics are becoming available to breeders for transferring key and complex traits into improved red clover varieties. Techniques such as marker-assisted selection and candidate gene identification can increase the speed and precision with which traits may be selected. Comparative sequence data analyses helped to identify genes for polyphenol oxidase enzymes and isoflavone synthase in red clover useful for DNA genotyping of individuals and breeding of improved high-quality red clover varieties.

scholarly journals Grazing ecology of female lambs on Italian ryegrass plus red clover pasture under different defoliation intensities

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Lisete Glienke ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Daniele Gindri Camargo ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Anna Carolina Cerato Confortin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Feeding Station ◽  
Thermal Sum ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Displacement Patterns

The relationship between pasture dynamics and ingestive behavior of female lambs was studied on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) plus red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) mixture under a range of defoliation intensities. Rotational grazing was used and the grazing interval was determined by the thermal sum of 313 degree days. The initial pre-grazing canopy height disappearance values were 65 (very high), 58 (high), 47 (medium) and 37% (low). The sward vertical structure was similar among defoliation intensities. The forage allowance decreased linearly as defoliation intensities increased, with 0.35 bite/minute reduction for each 1% increase in forage allowance. The bite rate and number of bites/feeding station decreased with reduced contribution of leaves in the sward structure. It was associated, respectively, with an increase and a decrease of NDF and CP levels in forage as grazed by female lambs. The pasture cycle proves to be more important than defoliation intensities as a source for changes in feeding stations and displacement patterns of female lambs.

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