scholarly journals A three-year investigation of the performance of spring-calving dairy cows grazing ryegrass-based pastures of high or low endophyte toxin status in Northland

2001 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
R.G. Keogh ◽  
M.B. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ancillary Information ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Measurement Period ◽  
Friesian Cows

On-farm milk production and ancillary information was monitored for spring-calving cows grazing high (HT) and low toxin (LT) pastures in Northland over three seasons from spring 1997 to autumn 2000. Two groups of 16 second-calving Holstein-Friesian cows, balanced for calving date and production worth, grazed HT or LT ryegrass pastures from October 1997 to May 1998. Milk production was monitored for 10 consecutive days each month culminating with a herd test. The LT group out-produced the HT group for each measurement period from December, and over the whole season, produced 20% more milk solids. The HT group had significantly higher serum lysergol levels and correspondingly lower prolactin levels than the LT group. As pasture quality was similar it was suggested that the differences in milk production were most likely due to differences in intake. At the start of the 1998-1999 season 25% of the farm was in low endophyte ryegrass or in ryegrass with the AR1 endophyte. The farm and herd were split so that milk production from HT and LT farmlets could be monitored. Milk from each group was collected into separate tanks and all cows were 'herd-tested' 4-weekly. Despite twothirds of the LT farmlet being conserved for silage, which resulted in a severe feed shortage that necessitated supplements being fed-out on this farmlet from January, the LT group out-produced the HT group by 5% per cow and by 10% per hectare for the season from October to late May. In the 1999-2000 season, the farm and herd split was 29% LT and 71% HT. The objective was changed to one of maximising production from each system and this required changes in management. The LT system was managed to encourage clover-dominance from mid-spring and this was achieved by lengthening the rotation out to 6 weeks and then reducing it back to 3.5 weeks by leaving higher residuals and conserving

scholarly journals Endophyte toxins and performance of spring-calving dairy cows in Northland

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
M.B. Blackwell ◽  
R.G. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Group A ◽  
Lolitrem B ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Friesian Cows

An on-farm trial was carried out at Te Hana, in Northland, to measure milk production responses in 2 groups of 16 spring-calving, 3-year-old Holstein-Friesian cows maintained throughout the trial on pastures with or without the ryegrass endophyte toxins, ergovaline and lolitrem B. The trial began in October 1997, with second calving cows balanced for calving date and production worth. Milk volumes of all cows were recorded for 10 consecutive days each month followed by a herd test in which milk volume, protein, fat and lactose contents were determined from milk samples. There were no differences in milk volume or milk solids production in the October and November measurement periods. In December, the group grazing toxin-free (-Ev) pastures produced 24% more milk than the group grazing toxincontaining (+Ev) pastures. These differences increased progressively as the trial proceeded, until terminated in mid-April. Throughout the trial period the -Ev group produced 23% and 19% more milk and milk solids, respectively, than the +Ev group. A rise in levels of the endophyte toxins in ryegrass coincided with the start of differences in milking performance. A toxin-free maize based supplement was fed to both groups during the January to March period to maintain the trial when pasture growth was insufficient. A negative correlation was found between milk production of the +Ev group in January and the prevailing temperature and humidity conditions during the night. Keywords: endophyte toxins, ergovaline, lolitrem B, milk production, Neotyphodium, Northland, ryegrass

Effect of timing of protein supplementation on the performance of lactating dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
B. C. Granzin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
And Control ◽  
Friesian Cows

Two experiments were undertaken to determine the effect of timing of protein supplementation on performance of grazing, lactating Holstein–Friesian cows fed maize silage and grain-based concentrate. In experiment 1, 36 cows were fed 0.8 kg DM/day of solvent-extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) either as 1 meal at 1200 hours with maize silage (CSM 1200) or at 1530 hours with concentrate (CSM 1530), or in 2 meals at 0600 and 1530 hours with concentrate (CSM 600 + 1530). In experiment 2, 36 cows were either fed no CSM (control) or fed 1.0 kg DM/day as either CSM 1200 or CSM 600 + 1530. In experiment 1, daily yields of 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) and milk fat for CSM 600 + 1530 were significantly higher than for CSM 1530 with respective means of 22.8 v. 20.7 L and 895 v. 804 g. Daily yields of FCM and milk fat for CSM 1200 were intermediate (21.7 L and 841 g/cow, respectively). A similar trend for daily protein yield per cow was noted (712, 695 and 666 g for CSM 600 + 1530, 1200 and 1530, respectively). In experiment 2, milk yield differed numerically between CSM 600 + 1530 and other treatments, with means (± s.e.d.) of 24.7 ± 0.78, 22.9 ± 0.78 and 22.9 ± 0.78 L/cow.day for CSM 600 + 1530, CSM 1200 and control, respectively. Mean (± s.e.d.) net energy requirements for milk production and liveweight change tended to be lower for the control (68 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day) as opposed to CSM 600 + 1530 (79 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day) and CSM 1200 (76 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day). Cumulative time where rumen degradable nitrogen:rumen degradable dry matter was less than 22 g/kg were 2, 2 and 3 h for CSM 600 + 1530, CSM 1200 and CSM 1530, respectively, in experiment 1, and 6, 4 and 2 h for the control, 1200 and CSM 600 + 1530, respectively, in experiment 2. No differences in rumen ammonia-N concentrations were noted between treatments in experiment 1. In experiment 2, a significantly lower mean (± s.e.d.) rumen ammonia-N concentration was recorded for the control at 1530 hours (62 ± 14.1 mg/dL) in comparison to CSM 600 + 1530 (114 ± 14.1 mg/dL) and CSM 1200 (119 ± 14.1 mg/dL). These experiments show that for grazing dairy cows supplemented with maize silage and grain-based concentrate, feeding a daily aliquot of CSM as 2 meals at 0600 and 1530 hours rather than 1 meal at 1200 or 1530 hours improves milk production.

Digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows given diets of grass silage and whole crop wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
J D Sutton ◽  
A L Abdalla ◽  
R H Phipps ◽  
S B Cammell ◽  
D J Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Friesian Cows

Whole crop wheat (WCW) appears to offer an attractive alternative forage to grass silage for dairy cows, particularly in those areas where maize silage cannot be grown. However in previous feeding trials the inclusion of WCW with grass silage has increased food intake but has not led to a corresponding increase in milk yield (Phipps et al,1993). As part of a programme to try to overcome the low efficiency of diets containing WCW, the present experiment was designed to examine the effects on feed intake and digestibility and milk production of the step-wise replacement of GS by urea-treated WCW.Winter wheat (cv Hussar), harvested at 620g DM/kg fresh weight and preserved with 20 or 40 g urea/kg DM (WCW-2, WCW-4) was compared with first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS). Six multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in mid-lactation were offered six diets over three 4-week periods in an incomplete change-over design. Diets were 6kg DM concentrates daily with forages ad lib. Treatments (DM basis) were GS alone, 2:1 GS:WCW-2 or WCW-4, 1:2 GS: WCW-2 or WCW-4, and WCW-4 alone. Feed intake and milk production were measured in weeks 3 and 4 and digestibility in week 4.

FEED INPUT AND MILK OUTPUT OF DAIRY COWS FED FIVE LEVELS OF GRAIN

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. HIRONAKA ◽  
G. C. KOZUB ◽  
S. B. SLEN
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Class Average ◽  
Friesian Cows

Forty Holstein–Friesian cows were fed concentrate at one of five levels (0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, or 0.35 kg concentrate/kg milk produced) and alfalfa hay to appetite. In a 280-day lactation period with twice-a-day milking, average milk production was 19.9 kg/day and increased 0.150 kg/0.01-kg increase of concentrate per kilogram of milk produced (P < 0.05). The rate of change in milk production, feed intake, and milk constituents was not affected by the breed–class–average (BCA) index of the cows over the BCA range studied. For each 0.01-kg increase in concentrate per kilogram of milk produced, daily increase in production of solids-not-fat was 0.0138 kg and of protein was 0.0052 kg (P < 0.05). Total energy secreted in milk increased, but not significantly, as the level of concentrate feeding increased. However, the proportion of energy consumed that was secreted in the milk declined from 26.8 to 23.5% (P < 0.10) as the level of concentrate feeding was increased.

Milk production and composition, and methane emissions from dairy cows fed lucerne hay with forage brassica or chicory

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. O. Williams ◽  
P. J. Moate ◽  
M. H. Deighton ◽  
M. C. Hannah ◽  
W. J. Wales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Diet Type ◽  
Friesian Cows

Forage brassica and chicory crops provide an alternative to perennial grass pastures as a forage supply for grazing dairy cows during summer, but there is little information about their effects on milk production and methane (CH4) emissions. Thirty-two Holstein–Friesian cows were fed for 10 days on a diet of lucerne cubes (750 g/kg DM) and grain (250 g/kg DM) (CON) or diets in which forage brassica (410 g/kg DM, FBR) or reproductive-stage chicory (410 g/kg DM, RCH) were offered with lucerne cubes (340 g/kg DM) and grain (250 g/kg DM). Cows offered the FBR diet produced more energy-corrected milk (25.4 kg/day) than did cows offered the CON diet (22.7 kg/day, P = 0.001), even though DM intake was not different for cows between the two groups (20.6 kg/day on average). In contrast, cows offered the RCH diet produced less energy-corrected milk (19.3 kg/day) than did cows in the other two groups (P = 0.001), reflecting the lower DM intake by cows offered the RCH diet (17.7 kg/day, P < 0.01). Methane yield (g CH4/kg DMI) was lower (P < 0.01) on the CON (21.0) and FBR (20.5) diets than on the RCH diet (26.1). Methane intensity (g/kg energy-corrected milk) was different (P < 0.01) for all diets, with CON (19.4) being intermediate, FBR (17.3) lowest and RCH (23.8) the greatest. Diet type was associated with differences in the proportions of only a small number of specific milk fatty acids, and differences in proportions of specific fatty acids were not related to CH4 emissions.

Body composition and performance of autumn-calving Holstein-Friesian dairy cows during lactation: food intake, milk constituent output and live weight

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 100-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D Sutton ◽  
K. Aston ◽  
D.E Beever ◽  
W.J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Friesian Cows

The importance of measuring partition between body and milk in dairy cows and identifying the factors underlying it has long been recognised. However accurate measurements of partition In the body are few because of the difficulty and expense of the techniques.The purpose of the present experiment was to measure the effects in autumn-calving Holstein-Friesian cows given grass silage ad libitum of amount of concentrate and stage of lactation on body composition by direct (Gibb et al 1992a, b) and Indirect (Kings et al 1992) techniques, adipose tissue metabolism (Walsh et al 1992) and milk production. In a related trial, energy balance was measured in other cows by Indirect calorimetry (Cammell et al 1992).This report covers silage Intake, milk production and live-weight change. Communications on the associated studies are given in the Proceedings of this Meeting.

scholarly journals Effect of Age at First Calving on First Lactation Milk Yield, Lifetime Milk Production And Longevity of Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Anna Sawa ◽  
Kamil Siatka ◽  
Sylwia Krężel-Czopek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractThe objective of the study was to analyse the effect of age at first calving (AFC) on first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production and longevity of dairy cows. The study used SYMLEK data on the milk yield and culling of 111 857 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows from the active population in Pomerania and Kujawy, Poland. The cows first calved during 2000–2009 and were used or removed from the herds until the end of 2015. For each cow, calculations were made of first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production, first lactation milk yield per milking day, lifetime milk production per day, as well as the lifespan (length of productive life, duration of rearing) and number of calvings. Based on the age at first calving (duration of the rearing period), the cows were grouped as follows: ≤22, 22.1–24.0, 24.1–26.0, 26.1–28.0, 28.1–30.0, 30.1–32.0 and >32 months. The GLM, CORR PEARSON and FREQ procedures from the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. Considering first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production and longevity, it is recommended that the cows should be first milked between 22.1 and 26.0 months of age. This is supported by the approximately 24% higher lifetime milk production in relation to the latest calving cows (P<0.01). Late commencement of the first milking (especially after 28 months) causes a considerable decrease in the first lactation milk yield and lifetime milk production, shortens the productive period, reduces the number of calvings, and increases culling rate due to low milk yield and udder diseases.

scholarly journals Behavior of high producing holstein-friesian cows during the three months of lactation

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
I. Bencsik ◽  
N. Pacala ◽  
T. Theilen ◽  
Jana Stanculet ◽  
Alena Bencsik
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Friesian Cows

In our study the behavior of dairy cows was studied during the first three months of lactation. The experiments were done on 25 cows raised in free-stalls on slatted floor in 25.5-31.5 m 2 boxes. In the experimental period the cows were fed grass, silage and hay. The concentrates were used for feeding during the milking time and the quantity depended on milk production of each cow. The dairy cows were monitored every 10 minutes in 24 hours period for several days. We have observed that the primiparous and secundiparous cows are resting 1-2 hours less than the older cows. The time needed to ingest the forages is longer at primiparous and secundiparous. During 24 hours, cows are spending 12-14 hours on rest, so it is necessary to build comfortable and spacious pens. Cows are spending 5-6 hours on feeding, so we must provide a larger feeding area for each cow.

Digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows given diets of grass silage and whole crop wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
J D Sutton ◽  
A L Abdalla ◽  
R H Phipps ◽  
S B Cammell ◽  
D J Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Friesian Cows

Whole crop wheat (WCW) appears to offer an attractive alternative forage to grass silage for dairy cows, particularly in those areas where maize silage cannot be grown. However in previous feeding trials the inclusion of WCW with grass silage has increased food intake but has not led to a corresponding increase in milk yield (Phipps et al,1993). As part of a programme to try to overcome the low efficiency of diets containing WCW, the present experiment was designed to examine the effects on feed intake and digestibility and milk production of the step-wise replacement of GS by urea-treated WCW.Winter wheat (cv Hussar), harvested at 620g DM/kg fresh weight and preserved with 20 or 40 g urea/kg DM (WCW-2, WCW-4) was compared with first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS). Six multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in mid-lactation were offered six diets over three 4-week periods in an incomplete change-over design. Diets were 6kg DM concentrates daily with forages ad lib. Treatments (DM basis) were GS alone, 2:1 GS:WCW-2 or WCW-4, 1:2 GS: WCW-2 or WCW-4, and WCW-4 alone. Feed intake and milk production were measured in weeks 3 and 4 and digestibility in week 4.

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLINICAL DISEASE, PRODUCTION AND CULLING OF HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. MARTIN ◽  
S. A. AZIZ ◽  
W. C. D. SANDALS ◽  
R. A. CURTIS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Cystic Disease ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Foot Problems ◽  
Calving Intervals ◽  
Friesian Cows

A study of the association between disease occurrence, level of production and culling in 18 southern Ontario purebred Holstein-Friesian herds was conducted. The rate of culling increased by approximately 3% per year of age (P < 0.05). Culled cows had lower milk production, were milked longer and had longer calving intervals in the lactation completed prior to culling, than their herdmates (P < 0.05). After control for age effects, the associations between production level and culling were not significant. Culled cows had a lower rate of ketosis and higher rates of foot problems and dystocia in the last completed lactation than nonculled cows. Culled cows had higher rates of nonparturition-related metritis and lower rates of ovarian cystic disease than nonculled cows. Despite the differences in disease occurrence and level of production between culled and nonculled cows, clinical disease(s) observed by veterinarians and poor production explained only a small proportion of culling in dairy cows. Key words: Association, culling, disease, production, Holstein-Friesian

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