scholarly journals Willow browse blocks for drought protection and for sustainable management of internal parasites

2006 ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Barry ◽  
E.L. Mcwilliam ◽  
D.W. Pitta ◽  
C.M.Diaz Lira ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
First Year ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Internal Parasite ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Browse blocks were developed on wet rush-infested areas of Riverside Farm, near Masterton, by planting 6,000 willow stakes/ha over the winter periods of 2000, 2001 and 2002. This was followed by light grazing in the first year after planting and then more intensive grazing in later years. After 18 months the areas dried out, due to evapotranspiration from the trees, and a herbage sward developed from volunteer species. The quality of the herbage progressively improved over a 4 year period and the browse blocks now support year-round grazing by sheep. In Experiment 1, ewes that grazed willow browse blocks for 86 days in 2004 (including mating) had higher reproductive performance than ewes that were mated on short, drought affected pasture. However, reproductive performance was lower than that from ewes mated on a sole diet of long herbage similar to that growing in the browse blocks. It was calculated that 15 and 65% of the metabolisable energy and condensed tannins consumed by ewes grazing browse blocks was provided by willow trees. In Experiment 2, undrenched lambs grazing either control pasture or browse blocks for 98 days in 2005 had lower liveweight and carcass gains than lambs regularly drenched with anthelmintic. Lambs grazing browse blocks consistently had lower dag scores and undrenched lambs grazing on browse blocks had reduced worm burdens of some economically important internal parasites compared with undrenched lambs grazing pasture. It was concluded that the benefits of browse blocks could be due to both direct and indirect effects and that any benefits in internal parasite management may be accompanied by reduced rates of carcass growth. Guidelines are presented for the grazing management of willow browse blocks over a complete 12 month period. Keywords: willow (Salix), fodder tree, drought, internal parasites.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Crisaborole Ointment on Quality of Life in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Mediation Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. s36
Author(s):  
Eric Simpson ◽  
Andrew Bushmakin ◽  
Joseph C Cappelleri ◽  
Thomas Luger ◽  
Sonja Stander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects

Abstract Not Available

scholarly journals Homesickness Experience, Distress and Sleep Quality of First-Year University Students Dealing with Academic Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Biasi ◽  
Luca Mallia ◽  
Paolo Russo ◽  
Francesca Menozzi ◽  
Rita Cerutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
University Students ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Sleep Difficulties

AbstractThe literature shows that homesickness can have a negative impact on different areas of psychological functioning such as cognitive, emotional, behavioral, physical and social ones. The study, conducted on a sample of first-year university students, aimed to test a model hypothesizing that two distinct dimensions of homesickness, attachment to home and disliking university, could have both direct and indirect effects on their psychological distress and sleep difficulties. Two hundred and seventy-seven first-year students (70.4% Female) living away from home (mean age= 21.3, SD= 2.7) were included in the study and filled out questionnaires assessing homesickness, psychological distress and sleep difficulties. Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis confirmed that the two homesickness dimensions worked differently since only the one relating to new place adjustment difficulties (i.e. disliking the university) resulted having both direct and indirect effects on students’ sleep difficulties. Although female students reported higher levels of psychological distress compared to males, the multi-group SEM analysis showed that the pattern of multivariate relationships linking the two dimensions of homesickness, psychological distress and sleep difficulties, was invariant across gender. The results of the present study suggest that university counselling and guidance services should quickly screen students experiencing homesickness and offer effective counselling programs focusing on enhancing their capacities to deal with the new academic environment.

Direct and indirect effects of conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene treatment on quality of life in postmenopausal women

Maturitas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Abraham ◽  
Andrew G. Bushmakin ◽  
Erika Dragon ◽  
Barry S. Komm ◽  
JoAnn V. Pinkerton
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Conjugated Estrogens

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Effects of Crisaborole Ointment on Quality of Life in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Mediation Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 756-761
Author(s):  
E Simpson ◽  
G Yosipovitch ◽  
A Bushmakin ◽  
J Cappelleri ◽  
T Luger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects

Police and Offender Choices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Eck ◽  
Tamara D. Madensen
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Environmental Criminology ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Quantity Theory ◽  
Specific Deterrence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quality Theory ◽  
Police Effectiveness

Police influence on offender choices has largely been described in terms of general and specific deterrence. This chapter expands this description by examining the quantity and quality of police influences. With regard to quantity, theory and research from environmental criminology have described a rich set of influences that have direct and indirect effects on offenders. Indirect influences operate through various third parties and by manipulating crime situations. With regard to quality, theory and research from a wide variety of disciplines show that how the police behave with offenders has an influence on offender choices. Four principles are particularly important for quality: the degrees to which the police appear to be reasonable, disarming, focused, and consistent. Expanding our understanding of how police can influence offender choices provides useful areas for research and opens a wide range of possibilities for improving police effectiveness and fairness in addressing crime.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Brand Awareness dan Service Quality terhadap Minat Konsumen dengan Kegiatan Event sebagai Variabel Mediasi pada Mall RRR

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Rino Bastiar
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Variable Data ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this paper is to explore the direct and indirect effects of the quality of services provided and brand awareness on the purchase intention of tenants with event activities as a mediating variable. Data were collected from 184 respondents and 160 responses have been used in this paper. The measure of “Service Quality” uses five questions, “brand awareness” uses five questions, “event” uses five questions, “purchase intention” uses five questions. In some items, this question is measured using the five-point Likert-Type. Based on the four hypotheses in this paper that have been tested, that service quality is significantly able to provide a positive influence on purchase intention through event activities and brand awareness can significantly have a positive effect on purchase intention directly through event activities. Event activities have a positive influence on purchase intention. Tujuan dari makalah ini bertujuan untuk dapat meneksplorasi pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung dari kualitas jasa yang diberikan dan brand awareness pada purchase intention penyewa dengan kegiatan event sebagai variabel mediasi. Data dikumpulkan dari 184 responden dan 160 tanggapan telah digunakan dalam makalah ini. Ukuran “Service Quality” menggunakan lima butir pertanyaan, “brand awareness” menggunakan lima butir pertanyaan, “event” menggunakan lima butir pertanyaan, “purchase intention” menggunakan lima butir pertanyaan. Dalam beberapa butir pertanyaan ini diukur dengan menggunakan lima titik Linkert-Type. Berdasarkan dari empat hipotesis dalam makalah ini yang telah diuji, bahwa service quality secara signifikan mampu memberikan pengaruf yang bersifat positif terhadap purchase intention melalui kegiatan event dan brand awareness mampu secara signifikan mampu memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap purchase intention secara langsung melalui kegiatan event. Kegiatan event memberi pengaruh positif terhadap purchase intention.

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