scholarly journals Establishing and managing recent cultivars in arable dryland pastures

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
D.E. Hume ◽  
T.J. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Summer Crop

Grass and legume species/cultivars available to farmers in the summer dry east coast of New Zealand, other than the traditionally used perennial ryegrasslwhite clover, fall into 3 categories: 1. drought tolerant species/cultivars which will maintain production later into summer and respond quickly after drought, e.g. cocksfoot, tall fescue, lucerne, prairie grass. 2 . species/cultivars which will maximise production in winter and spring, e.g. prairie grass, phalaris, subterranean clover. 3. species/cultivars compatible with summer crop programmes e.g. annual ryegrasses.

scholarly journals OVERSOWN GRASSES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT ON SOUTHLAND HILL COUNTRY

1985 ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cd Meurk ◽  
J.D. Turner
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Pasture Yield

Infertile hill country grasslands are a vastly under-utilised pastoral resource in New Zealand. Three years of trial results on this class of land in eastern Southland are summarised. Five grasses (Grasslands Nui ryegrass, Wana cocksfoot, Matua prairie grass, Roa tall fescue and Maru phalaris) were oversown together with Huia white clover and subterranean clover. These were compared with a resident pasture, all under two fertility levels and two rotational grazing managements, and with unimproved pasture. The use of fertiliser and rotational grazing doubled the productivity of the unimproved rangeland to ca. 10,500 kg DMlhalyear. The addition of white clover increased yield to 12,000 kg, and improved grasses increased this further to 14,000 kg. Keywords: agronomy, fertiliser, grasses, grazing management, hill country, oversowing, pasture composition, pasture yield.

scholarly journals Economics of drought-tolerant pastures for cattle finishing on Hawkes Bay and Wairarapa hill country farms

1993 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Korte ◽  
A.P. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Computer Model ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Policy Models ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beef Prices

Planting drought-tolerant pastures (tall fescue, chicory, prairie grass) is one option Hawkes Bay/ Wairarapa farmers can use to reduce the impact of drought. To evaluate this strategy two hill country sheep/beef farm models were established and entered in HerdEcon, a bioeconomics computer model. Using the two farm models, three comparisons were made: (1) base farm (no alternative pasture), (2) alternative pasture planted on 5% or 10% of grazable area, and (3) same as 2, with changes in cattle selling policy. Models were run for a 19-year sequence based on pasture growth for Hawkes Bay, and with a range of beef prices and pasture renewal costs. Drought-tolerant pastures increased the financial returns from both farm models, provided that livestock policies allowed increases in pasture quality and summer pasture growth to be captured by increased beef production. Lower pasture establishment costs and improved persistence would significantly improve profitability from drought-tolerant pastures. Keywords cattle, dryland pastures, economics

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON GERMINATION OF NEW ZEALAND HERBAGE GRASSES

1986 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
J.F.L.Charlton J.G. Hampton ◽  
D.J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Prairie Grass

Percentage germination and germination rate (days to 75% germination) of 14 'Grasslands' cultivars from 9 grass species were assessed at constant temperatures of 5,10,15,20,25,3O"C and a fluctuating temperature of S/lO"C. Ryegrass germination did not differ significantly within the range of temperatures used. Germination of Kahu timothy and Maru phalaris was reduced at or below 10°C and at 30°C. Raki paspalum failed to germinate below 15°C. The germination of Apanui and Wana cocksfoot and Matua prairie grass was reduced at 30°C. Germination rates for all species slowed as temperature moved away from the optimum, as did the number of days to the start of germination. Germination rate was greatest for the ryegrasses at all temperatures; for all other species the order was timothy, tall fescue> phalaris prairie grass and cocksfoot at lO"C, and timothy > phalaris, prairie grass>cocksfoot >tall fescue at 5°C. The implications of these results for pasture establishment are discussed. Keywords: germination, germination rate, temperature, temperate grasses, pasture establishment.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS RELATIVE TO PASTURE SEED MIXTURES

1936 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
E.Bruce Levy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
The South ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Bracken Fern ◽  
Forest Development ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Southern Beech ◽  
The Individual

THE ultimate structure in vegetation is determined by dominance, and dominance is based on the ability of the individual to respond to its environment. No two plants arc exactly alike in their demands : each plant has its special growing-place. The indigenous forests in general carry a single dominant that largely determines the physiognomic features of the formation-the tawa or rimu, or white pine, or kauri, or totara, or southern beech. In forest development we recognize succession, and dominants appear to mark each phase in the .succession : thus we have the manuka dominance, bracken fern,. the indigenous induced hard fern, piripiri dominance, wineberry, mahoe, five-finger dominance, progressing to rewarewa, hinau, or kamahi dominance. In the tussock grasslands we see the same rise to dominance according to growing-place- the fescue tussock, the poa . tussock, the danthonia tussock ; and in the depleted lands of the South Island we see the scabweed dominant under the influence of the rabbit. In the artificial grasslands of New Zealand the trend to dominance is well observed - the rye-grass, cocksfoot, brown-top, Danthonia eilosa, .D. semiannzclaris, ratstail, paspalum, tall fescue, prairie-grass, floating sweetgrass, and Poa aquatica dommance respectively.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE GERMINATION OF HERBAGE LEGUMES IN NEW ZEALAND

1987 ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Hampton ◽  
J.F.L. Charlton ◽  
D.D. Bell ◽  
D.J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature

Percentage germination and germination rate (days to 75% germination) of 14 herbage cultivars from 5 legume species were assessed at constant temperatures of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20° and a fluctuating temperature of 5/1O°C. The percentage germination of white clover, red clover and lucerne was not affected by temperature. Germination of Woogenellup subterranean clover was reduced at 5"C, the germination of Mt Barker subterranean clover was reduced at 2O°C, and the germination of Maku lotus was reduced at 5°C and 5/10°C. Germination rates for all species slowed as temperatures moved away from the optimum, as did the number of days to the start of growth. The species order for germination rate was lucerne, white clover >subterranean clover > red clover >lotus at 10° and 5/1O°C, and subterranean clover (except cv. Woogenellup), white clover, lucerne>red clover>lotus at 5°C. Germination rates differed between subterranean clover cultivars, and also between individual seedlots of subterranean clover, red and white clover and lotus, particularly at 5°C. The implications of these results for pasture establishment are discussed. Keywords: germination rate, pasture establishment

scholarly journals On-farm establishment of drought-tolerant pastures on the east coast of the North Island

1993 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
D.R. Smith ◽  
M.W.A. Slay ◽  
M.H. Gray ◽  
G.D. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
The North ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Clover Content

Seedling and tiller core measurements on 60 paddocks sown in autumn 1991 on the East Coast of the North Island were made to monitor the success of new pastures based on drought-tolerant grasses. Pastures sown into cultivated seedbeds were generally more successful than direct-drilled pastures, having higher content of sown species and less competition from volunteer perennial grasses. In paddocks sown with mixtures of tall fescue and Grasslands Wana cocksfoot, cocksfoot was becoming the dominant,grass, except in areas of paddocks with poor drainage. Cocksfoot establishment in oversown pastures was good, but tall fescue in these paddocks declined to low levels 19 months after sowing. White clover was well established in all classes of pasture, despite relatively low initial seedling numbers in direct drilled and oversown paddocks. In contrast, red clover content declined, particularly in directdrilled and oversown paddocks. Keywords: Dactylis glomerata, direct drilling, Festuca arundinacea, pasture establishment, Phalaris aquatica, oversowing

scholarly journals Establishing drought-tolerant pasture species on east coast downlands by direct drilling

1994 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
T.J. Fraser ◽  
D.C. Hewson
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Alternative Species ◽  
Summer Fallow

Successful establishment of drought-tolerant pastures through direct drilling on erosion prone dry East Coast downlands can be guaranteed if some simple management practices are put in place. Pasture mixtures containing mainly Grasslands Wana cocksfoot, Grasslands Maru phalaris Grasslands Roa tall fescue and Grassland Tahora white clover were direct drilled into 450 ha on 60 paddocks in North Otago. Establishment of new pastures on paddocks that had been double herbicide treated prior to sowing (spray-fallow technique), were significantly superior to those treatments that only had a single spray prior to drilling. Correct sowing depth was made possible with the use of the Massey University bioblade direct drill. Its inverted 'T' coulter creates an underground cavort with sufficient tilth to provide an ideal microclimate for seedling establishment. The success of the programme is reflected in the fact that 50% of farmers involved have established new pasture by direct drilling since the programme was implemented, 93% intend establishing pastures by direct drilling in the future and 98% hive sown, or intend to sow, pastures using alternative species to perennial ryegrass. Keywords: direct drilling, drought-tolerant species, erosion, pasture establishment, spray-fallow technique, summer fallow

scholarly journals Seed production of new grass cultivar

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
J.A. Lancashire ◽  
J.G. Hampton ◽  
J.S. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Prairie Grass

Some aspects of the agronomy and seed production of four recently released Grasslands cultivars are described. Matua prairie grass sown at 10 to 15 kg/ha in 50-60 cm rows has produced over 3000 kg/ha of seed from two harvests in one season. The problem of head smut can be overcome by treating the seed with 1% by weight of benomyl, but techniques for treating large seed lots still have to be developed. Roa tall fescue sown at 2.2 kg/ha in 60 cm rows has produced over 1000 kg/ha of seed in the second season from sowing. Early defoliations should be very lenient or avoided altogether because the species is very slow to establish. Maru phalaris has produced over 800 kg/ha of seed in the absence of defoliation between sowing and harvesting. Although the cultivar may be less prone to seed shattering than older types, it is still very important to harvest at the correct time. Raki paspalum is a valuable grass for the northern areas of New Zealand, but ergot seriously restricts seed production, particularly in wetter years. The disease can probably be controlled within the crop by cultural and fungicidal methods, but it is very difficult to prevent reinfection from outside areas. The best prospect is to avoid the disease by growing Raki in suitable areas which have a reliable dry period each summer. Keywords: Seed production, Bromus willdenowii, Phalaris aquatica, Festuca arundinacea, Paspulum dilatatum, new grass cultivars.

Isolation and identification of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with tall fescue

2009 ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Monk ◽  
E. Gerard ◽  
S. Young ◽  
K. Widdup ◽  
M. O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a useful alternative to ryegrass in New Zealand pasture but it is slow to establish. Naturally occurring beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere can improve plant growth and health through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. Keywords: rhizosphere, endorhiza, auxin, siderophore, P-solubilisation

Pasture species and cultivars used in New Zealand - a list

1999 ◽  
pp. 147-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F.L. Charlton ◽  
A.V. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Herb Species

In recent years, the number of pasture species and cultivars commercially available to farmers in New Zealand has increased significantly. Reasons for this include increased commercial activity in the development and supply of proprietary cultivars, and more specialisation in New Zealand's pastoral agriculture. In particular, pasture cultivars are increasingly marketed as proprietary products with associated technical support. This year there are 109 certified cultivars available, belonging to 23 grass, legume and herb species. As a result, farmers are now able to develop improved pasture feed supply, but they are somewhat confused about pasture species and cultivars, and this frustrates their aims to produce high quality animal products from productive pastures. Accordingly, the herbage seeds industry needs to work from a clear reference list, to avoid any confusion when supplying farmers and overseas clients with their seed requirements. Our list of pasture species, types and cultivars available within New Zealand aims to be that reference. Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil, brome grass, caucasian clover, chicory, clover, cocksfoot, cultivars, herbs, lotus, lucerne, pasture, phalaris, plantain, prairie grass, red clover, ryegrass, seeds, species, strawberry clover, sub clover, tall fescue, timothy, types, white clover, Yorkshire fog

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