scholarly journals The Search for One’s Own Ideology as the Primary Task of Social Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shvaiba
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Creative Force ◽  
Religious Ideal ◽  
The Ideal

Scientific knowledge of the historical future requires methodology. And methodology is the application of ideology in scientific research in General, and in research of social processes in particular. For example, religion is always an ideology. It is an illusory ideology. Illusory not because it cannot be as described by the religious ideal (that the ideal is unattainable). For Man, as for his creation — God — there is no unattainable and cannot be. Religion is illusory, not in the sense of an ideal, but in the sense that it cannot be and become in this way, through faith. Religion creates and strengthens (fixes) the ideal but proceeds from the fact that the ideal created by man is a creative force. But God is not power. It’s just a representation of human power. And what the person who created it expects from God is a human goal.

Who tells which story and why? Micro and macro contexts in narrative

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna de Fina
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Local Meaning ◽  
The Many

AbstractThis article focuses on the inter-relations between storytelling and micro and macro contexts. It explores how narrative activity is shaped by and shapes in unique ways the local context of interaction in a community of practice, an Italian American card-playing club, but also illustrates how the storytelling events that take place within this local community relate to wider social processes. The analysis centers on a number of topically linked narratives to argue that these texts have a variety of functions linked to the roles and relationships negotiated by individuals within the club and to the construction of a collective identity for the community. However, the narrative activities that occur within the club also articulate aspects of the wider social context. It is argued that, in the case analyzed here, local meaning-making activities connect with macro social processes through the negotiation, within the constraints of local practices, of the position and roles of the ethnic group in the wider social space. In this sense, narrative activity can be seen as one of the many symbolic practices (Bourdieu 2002 [1977]) in which social groups engage to carry out struggles for legitimation and recognition in order to accumulate symbolic capital and greater social power.

scholarly journals Archaization of the Russian Society in the Focus of Scientific Research Practices and Methodological Parameters of Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Aleksey P. Sitnikov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Development Trajectories ◽  
Sociocultural Transformation

The article analyzes the scientific potential of the study of such an important phenomenon for the modern world as archaization, on the basis of which the author's methodological and conceptual space for the socio-philosophical study of the archaization of Russian society is formed. The concept of the plurality of modernity, and therefore the alternatives to national modernization, is recognized as a conceptual position. In the framework of the proposed concept, archaization, traditionalization and modernization are considered as modes of tradition - a substance of the sociocultural system that ensures reproduction and preservation of the society’s culture. Under the influence of socio-cultural transformation, the tradition can take the form of these processes, depending on the degree of destruction of traditional foundations and bases of society's life and the adequacy of the implemented innovations, their organic socio-cultural roots. Archaization as a modus of tradition, in turn, under the influence of sociocultural transformation, can develop in the format (modus) of rearchaization and neoarchaization as a result of interaction with the processes of traditionalization and modernization. At the intersection of the development trajectories of modernization and traditionalization processes, a modus of development called neotraditionalization is formed. The modes of archaization (neoarchaization and rearchization) affect the development of social processes in different ways, and therefore archaization is not considered as a uniquely regressive process.

Patents and Scientific Research

2015 ◽  
pp. 135-155
Author(s):  
Sulan Wong
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Patent Litigation ◽  
Definition Of

It is argued that patents encourage scientific development, benefiting society by creating useful products and services that improve the quality of life. However, by granting exclusive rights of exploitation, patents create situations in which they interfere with the exercise of the freedom of scientific research. This work examines five scenarios where this problem can be seen and the utilitarian function of patents is questioned. Firstly, the effects of research funding in the definition of the lines and research objectives are observed. Secondly, the anticommons is studied, as it is a situation where excessive fragmentation of ownership in scientific knowledge may prevent its use. Thirdly, broad patents and their implications are examined. Fourthly, the deterrent power of patent litigation, which creates an unexpected business model, is analyzed. Fifthly, secrecy is looked upon, as it is encouraged by the logic in which the patent system works.

scholarly journals Reproduced, reinterpreted, lost: Trajectories of scientific knowledge across contexts

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Gimenez ◽  
Mark Baldwin ◽  
Paul Breen ◽  
Julia Green ◽  
Ernesto Roque Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Knowledge Dissemination ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractThis article reports on a research project that uses two innovative heuristics to examine the changes that texts – produced to disseminate new scientific knowledge – undergo when they travel across space and time. A critical analysis of such transformations would enhance our understanding of the processes involved in knowledge dissemination and inform the practice of communicating scientific knowledge to a variety of audiences. Based on our study of 520 closely linked science and science-related sources collected over 12 months in 2016, we argue that when scientific knowledge is re-contextualized to be disseminated to different audiences, it is not simply rephrased or simplified to make it more accessible. Rather, it also undergoes transformational processes that involve issues of social power, authority and access that require new analytical tools to surface more clearly. We report on the methodology of the study with a particular focus on its heuristics, and the transformations that result from a critical analysis of the data collected. We finally discuss a number of theoretical and practical implications in relation to contemporary practices for re-entextualizing scientific knowledge.

Intimate entanglements in the animal house: Caring for and about mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Friese
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Intimate Knowledge ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Animal House

This article presents two vignettes from ethnographic research conducted in a ‘biological services unit’ or mouse house at a life sciences research institute in the UK. I focus on the ‘intimate knowledge’ two animal technicians demonstrated as crucial to care for the mice, where affective knowledge operated alongside scientific knowledge of animal welfare and administrative knowledge of keeping laboratory animals. I then show how caring for and about laboratory mice entailed caring about various other things, things that could help improve the lives of the mice. I thematize how the animal technicians ‘care about’ mice, using Astrid Schrader’s twin conceptions of compassion and ‘abyssal intimacy’. However, unlike Schrader and much of the literature focusing on the centrality of ‘sacrifice’ in scientific research involving laboratory animals, I contend that compassion is not centrally informed by death as the abyss here. Rather, the violent relatedness of being replaceable forms the abyss that makes compassion possible. It was the fact of caring about those with whom one becomes so intimately entangled, within the context of paid labour where one is replaceable, that formed the basis for compassion between animal technicians, mice and myself.

scholarly journals Valores, Estratégias de Pesquisa e Aplicação do Conhecimento: Os Campos Sulinos em Questão

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-483
Author(s):  
Claudio Ricardo Martins dos Reis ◽  
Valerio De Patta Pillar
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Campos Sulinos ◽  
The Ideal

Science is not value free. The philosopher Hugh Lacey developed a model of the interactions between values and scientific activity. The main objective of this paper is to present the model of Lacey and apply it to the context of the possibilities for productive use of Campos Sulinos, grasslands ecosystems of high biodiversity in southern Brazil, Uruguay and eastern part of Argentina, which are strongly threatened. The conversion of Campos Sulinos into large areas of agricultural and silvicultural monocultures is largely based on scientific knowledge acquired through decontextualizing strategies (ED). The conservation of Campos Sulinos is also informed by scientific knowledge, but primarily acquired through context-sensitive strategies (EC ). As the choice of strategy limits possible applications, the almost exclusive adoption of ED in modern science contradicts the ideal of neutrality of science. For enabling greater neutrality and comprehensiveness for the scientific activity, a plurality of strategies is necessary. Furthermore, when different strategies engage in conflict of values, decisions for the establishment of priorities and resource allocation need to be taken in democratic debates.

English as Global Language: Problems, Dangers, Opportunities

Diogenes ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
Business Aviation ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Global Language ◽  
Cultural Homogenization ◽  
The Ideal

Now that the age-old dream, which never materialized, of a universal language has evaporated, we note that English is in the process of becoming if not the universal at least an omnipresent language. In many multilingual countries it has become the language of communication. Globally it is imposing itself as the language of business, aviation and scientific research. Is this a pure benefit for humanity, or does it conceal risks or even dangers? Is the spreading of English a secondary effect of Americanization? Is linguistic diversity being sacrificed? Only if the countries affected submit to linguistic and cultural homogenization. The ideal - which remains within reach - would be to accept English as a practical tool of communication without ceasing to strive for the maintenance and strength of other languages in symbiosis with their own cultures.

Popper and Reliabilism

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
True Belief ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Deductive Inference ◽  
Inductive Support ◽  
Radical Scepticism ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge

Karl Popper attempted to give an account of scientific research as the rational pursuit of the truth about nature without any appeal to what he took to be the fictitious notion of non-demonstrative or inductive support. Deductive inference can be seen to be inference enough for science, he claimed, once we appreciate the power of data to refute theory. Many of the standard objections to Popper's account purport to show that his deductivism actually entails a radical scepticism about the possibility of scientific knowledge. Some of these objections appear unanswerable in the context of the traditional analysis of knowledge as justified true belief; but this is neither a conception of knowledge that Popper himself accepted nor one that is currently in fashion. Reliabilism, the view that knowledge is a true belief generated by a reliable method, is now a popular replacement for the traditional analysis and one that is closer to Popper's own conception of knowledge. My aim in this essay is to consider in brief compass the prospects of a reliabilist reading of Popper's account of science. Such a reading makes it possible to turn some of the standard objections and helps to show which of Popper's views should be accepted and which rejected.

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