scholarly journals Valores, Estratégias de Pesquisa e Aplicação do Conhecimento: Os Campos Sulinos em Questão

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-483
Author(s):  
Claudio Ricardo Martins dos Reis ◽  
Valerio De Patta Pillar
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Campos Sulinos ◽  
The Ideal

Science is not value free. The philosopher Hugh Lacey developed a model of the interactions between values and scientific activity. The main objective of this paper is to present the model of Lacey and apply it to the context of the possibilities for productive use of Campos Sulinos, grasslands ecosystems of high biodiversity in southern Brazil, Uruguay and eastern part of Argentina, which are strongly threatened. The conversion of Campos Sulinos into large areas of agricultural and silvicultural monocultures is largely based on scientific knowledge acquired through decontextualizing strategies (ED). The conservation of Campos Sulinos is also informed by scientific knowledge, but primarily acquired through context-sensitive strategies (EC ). As the choice of strategy limits possible applications, the almost exclusive adoption of ED in modern science contradicts the ideal of neutrality of science. For enabling greater neutrality and comprehensiveness for the scientific activity, a plurality of strategies is necessary. Furthermore, when different strategies engage in conflict of values, decisions for the establishment of priorities and resource allocation need to be taken in democratic debates.

scholarly journals The Hierarchy of Values in the Contemporary Science

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iurii A. Mielkov
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Fundamental Value ◽  
The Ideal

<p>The author follows the philosophical conception of the contemporary science that presents it as “post-non-classical”—as an emerging paradigm of dialectical comprehension of scientific knowledge that resolves the contradiction between classical monism and non-classical plurality by enabling the approach to considering the reality as unity in plurality. In the light of that conception, scientific values and goals constitute an elaborate hierarchical system, its highest level being presented by the ideal as the embodiment of both the final goal of the whole activity and the fundamental value that defines the goal-setting on lower hierarchy levels. The current crisis of science, as well as crises visible in many other spheres of human activity, could in fact be traced to the crisis of values—particularly, to the latency of the higher levels of values, and especially that of the ideal, that forces lower “means” to serve as quasi-values while profaning the whole enterprise. That is, instead of searching for the truth, scientific community is engaged only in mundane activities like supporting its own institutional existence and providing profit for its members. The proposed solution to the current crisis could be presented in the form of asserting human personality as the autonomous subject of moral judgment and philosophical recognition of the ideal level as the ultimate determinant of scientific activity.</p>

Comparison of publication activity level in the medical field in Ukraine and the countries of the worldActivities of higher education institutions in the technology transfer

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
A.B. Osadcha
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Medical Field

In the context of the rapid development of scientific and technological progress in Ukraine, including the medical field, a significant contribution belongs to scientific researches based on world recognition, and publications in scientific journals indexed in international bibliometric databases, will lead to the possibility of upgrading modern science in medical higher educational institutions. The most significant in modern society is not only activity process or thought, but the result that scientific research provides. Scientific activity is difficult to evaluate with only one parameter; moreover, there is a need for evaluation using qualitative indicators. The article presents author’s research results of publication activity level in the medical field in Ukraine, taking into account world experience based on international bibliometric database Clarivate Analytics’s Web of Science. Clarivate Analytics accelerates research progress by providing researchers with reliable information sources, analytics around the world, and the ability to quickly create, defend, and commercialize new ideas. Clarivate Analytics is an independent company with more than 4000 employees working in more than 100 countries, and has a well-known brand — Web of Science. It provides access to the largest database of scientific articles from carefully selected reputable journals. Researchers can use effective search instruments that take into account metadata and bibliographic references and allow you to get the highest quality, meaningful and impartial information. Web of Science is an accurate and reliable source of information for assessing scientific work, the most comprehensive resource in which both quality and quantity are equally valued.

scholarly journals The Search for One’s Own Ideology as the Primary Task of Social Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shvaiba
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Creative Force ◽  
Religious Ideal ◽  
The Ideal

Scientific knowledge of the historical future requires methodology. And methodology is the application of ideology in scientific research in General, and in research of social processes in particular. For example, religion is always an ideology. It is an illusory ideology. Illusory not because it cannot be as described by the religious ideal (that the ideal is unattainable). For Man, as for his creation — God — there is no unattainable and cannot be. Religion is illusory, not in the sense of an ideal, but in the sense that it cannot be and become in this way, through faith. Religion creates and strengthens (fixes) the ideal but proceeds from the fact that the ideal created by man is a creative force. But God is not power. It’s just a representation of human power. And what the person who created it expects from God is a human goal.

Taking Sides

2021 ◽  
pp. 226-242
Author(s):  
Steven L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The World

From the 1970s on, the treatment of modern science as simultaneously an induction-based account of experience and a deduction-based account of reality became an increasingly contentious issue in the academic world. A great deal was at stake in how one answered the question of whether scientific knowledge was objective and validated by its correspondence with reality. Respect and privileged social status were accorded to science, not to mention public support for research. At the same time, however, scientists faced the more fundamental question of whether there existed a neutral arbiter of questions relating to truth, or at least truths about the world. Philosophers and social scientists lined up on both sides of this issue, either attacking scientific knowledge as a socially constructed belief system or defending it as objective and correlated with reality.

Postcolonial philosophy of science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra G. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
Representations Of Nature ◽  
Value Neutrality ◽  
Cultural Features

Are there laws of nature that today’s modern sciences are ill-designed to discover? Does the universal use of these modern sciences require their value-neutrality, or are their social values and interests an important cause of their universality? What resources for scientific knowledge can other cultures’ science projects provide? Such questions are raised by recent postcolonial global histories that focus analyses on the role of European expansion in the advance of modern science and in the decline of other cultures’ science traditions. These accounts challenge philosophers to re-evaluate unsuspected strengths in other scientific traditions and identify modern science’s borrowings from them. They also identify European cultural features that have, for better and worse, constituted modern sciences and their representations of nature and thus seek to develop more realistic and useful accounts of the values, interests, methods, universality, objectivity and rationality of science.

scholarly journals Spanish Universities’ Sustainability Performance and Sustainability-Related R&D+I

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela De Filippo ◽  
Leyla Angélica Sandoval-Hamón ◽  
Fernando Casani ◽  
Elías Sanz-Casado
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
University System ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Spanish Universities ◽  
The University ◽  
The Ideal

For its scope and the breadth of its available resources, the university system is one of the keys to implementing and propagating policies, with sustainability policies being among them. Building on sustainability performance in universities, this study aimed to: Identify the procedures deployed by universities to measure sustainability; detect the strengths and weaknesses of the Spanish university system (SUS) sustainability practice; analyse the SUS contributions to sustainability-related Research, Development and Innovation (R&D+I); and assess the efficacy of such practices and procedures as reported in the literature. The indicators of scientific activity were defined by applying scientometric techniques to analyse the journal (Web of Science) and European project (CORDIS) databases, along with reports issued by national institutions. The findings showed that measuring sustainability in the SUS is a very recent endeavour and that one of the strengths is the university community’s engagement with the ideal. Nonetheless, high performance is still elusive in most of the items analysed. Whereas universities account for nearly 90 % of the Spanish papers published in the WoS subject category, Green and Sustainable Science and Technology, their contribution to research projects is meagre. A divide still exists in the SUS between policies and results, although the gap has been narrowing in recent years.

Why Engaging in the Practices of Science Is Not Enough to Achieve Scientific Literacy

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Next Generation Science Standards ◽  
Habits Of Mind ◽  
Science Standards ◽  
Effective Science ◽  
Culture Of Science ◽  
K 12

The National Research Council's Framework for K–12 Science Education and the resulting Next Generation Science Standards call for engaging students in the practices of science to develop scientific literacy. While these documents make the connections between scientific knowledge and practices explicit, very little attention is given to the shared values and commitments of the scientific community that underlie these practices and give them meaning. I argue that effective science education should engage students in the practices of science while also reflecting on the values, commitments, and habits of mind that have led to the practices of modern science and that give them meaning. The concept of methodological naturalism demonstrates the connection between the values and commitments of the culture of science and its practices and provides a useful lens for understanding the benefits and limitations of scientific knowledge.

Predicting missing links via structural similarity

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (15) ◽  
pp. 1550095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Dong Lyu ◽  
Chang-Jun Fan ◽  
Lian-Fei Yu ◽  
Bao-Xin Xiu ◽  
Wei-Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Node Similarity

Predicting missing links in networks plays a significant role in modern science. On the basis of structural similarity, our paper proposes a new node-similarity-based measure called biased resource allocation (BRA), which is motivated by the resource allocation (RA) measure. Comparisons between BRA and nine well-known node-similarity-based measures on five real networks indicate that BRA performs no worse than RA, which was the best node-similarity-based index in previous researches. Afterwards, based on localPath (LP) and Katz measure, we propose another two improved measures, named Im-LocalPath and Im-Katz respectively. Numerical results show that the prediction accuracy of both Im-LP and Im-Katz measure improve compared with the original LP and Katz measure. Finally, a new path-similarity-based measure and its improved measure, called LYU and Im-LYU measure, are proposed and especially, Im-LYU measure is shown to perform more remarkably than other mentioned measures.

Realities and Prospects of Knowledge Humanization in the Context of Biotechnological Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Ilyushenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
New Humanism ◽  
Classical Humanism ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Commercialization Of Science

In the article the author describes the transformations provoked by the transition from politics and economics to biopolitics and bioeconomics. The author notes the impact of these changes on the development of modern scientific knowledge (commercialization of science, commodification of the results of scientific research, dehumanization of knowledge in general). One of the article points concerns the ambivalence of the consequences caused by modern trends in the production and use of scientific knowledge. The key contradictions are: the contradiction between the price and value of the human body and life of the individual as such; the contradictions related to the attitude to human and non-human entities. The possibilities of a positive response to new challenges in the development of science and the application of its results are in the field of humanization of scientific knowledge, which is interpreted as strengthening the axiological and ethical components of modern science, overcoming the technocratic and highly professional style of thinking of scientists and specialists. The article gives the assessment of difficulties in solving the problem of humanization of scientific knowledge from the standpoint of classical humanism. The author provides the overview of concepts that are based on criticism of traditional humanism and that let develop ethical answers to modern challenges in the field of humanization of knowledge and practice of its use in conditions of biocapitalism and growing progress in the field of biotechnological development. In particular, the principles of approaches methodologically proceeding from the following orientations, are analyzed: first, based on the denial or preservation of the key pathos of humanism and its principles; second, bringing out the “new” humanism from theistic or secular foundations. Theistic and non-theistic versions of “renewed” humanism, posthumanism and transhumanism are analyzed. The author describes essential difference between posthumanistic and transhumanistic orientation. The author draws a conclusion about the prospects of using these approaches to solve the problem of humanization of scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals Property, Patronage, and the Politics of Science: The Founding of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

1974 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Shapin
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
System A ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Organizational Demands

The institutionalization of natural knowledge in the form of a scientific society may be interpreted in several ways. If we wish to view science as something apart, unchanging in its intellectual nature, we may regard the scientific enterprise as presenting to the sustaining social system a number of absolute and necessary organizational demands: for example, scientific activity requires acceptance as an important social activity valued for its own sake, that is, it requires autonomy; it is separate from other forms of enquiry and requires distinct institutional modes; it is public knowledge and requires a public, universalistic forum; it is productive of constant change and requires of the sustaining social system a flexibility in adapting to change. Support for such an interpretation may be found in the rise of modern science in seventeenth-century England, France, and Italy and in the accompanying rise of specifically scientific societies. Thus, the founding of the Royal Society of London may be interpreted as the organizational embodiment of immanent demands arising from scientific activity—the cashing of a blank cheque payable to science written on society's current account.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document