scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on livestock exports from Somalia and the Horn of Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-18
Author(s):  
Rupsha Banerjee ◽  
Adrian Cullis ◽  
Fiona Flintan ◽  
Steve Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Livestock Trade

Somalia has a significant place in the livestock sector in the Horn of Africa; livestock trade and export is one of the key economic contributors. Most of the livestock trade happens with the Middle East, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia being one of its biggest importers. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to both massive loss of life and huge economic losses as the result of measures to contain the virus. In June 2020, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia took the decision to restrict the number of pilgrims for the annual Hajj. Impacts resulted in a decline in income from the seasonal Hajj of 80 per cent, though domestically prices of livestock remained stable and local markets were used for livestock sales. This paper, besides highlighting the effects, provides recommendations which could inform strategic planning, humanitarian aid, and resilience building for the livestock value chain in Somalia and the Horn of Africa.

scholarly journals Iran Nuclear Deal: Its Political and Economic Implications for the Region as a Whole and for Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shah ◽  
Rab Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Mahsud
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Other Hand

Introduction. No doubt that the Iran-USA nuclear deal of 2015 got fame in the international politics. Some countries were in favor of such a deal and some were against this development. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has more concerns over the Iran nuclear deal, it feels that after the deal Iran will become a regional power and will increase its military and political power which will disturb the regional security and stability. As the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) itself provokes the creation of such conditions, thus their influence in the Middle East will be affected. Analysis. The article analyzes the concerns of Israel, implications for Turkey, the question why deal is beneficial for Pakistan, economic concerns of Saudi Arabia, implications for Persian Gulf and Middle East, economic implications for Turkey, economic opportunities for Pakistan. After the nuclear deal, Iran becomes a regional power and increases its political and economic influence in the region, especially in the Persian Gulf. The world says that Iran cannot get nuclear weapons after the deal because it has no such a capacity. However, according to some findings from the documents of the deal Iran is not blocked to become a nuclear power and the deal legitimizes the nuclear program. So, on the other hand after the Iran nuclear deal the regional political and economic environment is totally favorable to Iran. On the other hand, scholars believe that the United States of America (USA) operate in terms of diplomatic competition. From the economic standpoint, the deal will be favorable for Iran. Thus, some countries have objections related to the deal, while others express a positive attitude towards it. Results. Pakistan will be able to generate economic opportunities from Iran, especially with the help of Iran-Pakistan-India Gas pipeline project (IPI project). Consequences of the deal will be beneficial for the regional economic development of the Middle East and South Asia respectively.

scholarly journals Cocirculation of Four Infectious Bronchitis Virus Lineages in Broiler Chickens in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak ◽  
Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
First Time

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an evolving and dynamic virus that causes major economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. Continuous evolution and emergence of new variants of this virus are the major challenges for controlling the disease with routine vaccination. Successful vaccination usually requires the use of a homologous vaccine, which in turn necessitates continuous investigation of the circulating strains. Herein, we performed a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction- (RT-PCR-) based investigation in broiler chicken flocks of the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. IBV was detected in 36.5% of the tested flocks (42 out of 115) from January 2012 to March 2014. Direct sequencing of hypervariable region-3 (HVR-3) of the Spike (S)-1 gene was performed, followed by phylogenetic analysis to determine the circulating IBV genotypes. Four lineages appear to coexist in this region, including the GI-13 or 4/91 IBV (31%), GI-16 or CK/CH/LDL/97I IBV (28.6%), GI-1 or Mass IBV (19%), and GI-23 or Middle East IBV (21.4%). The latter lineage include two subgroups: IS/720/99 IBV (16.7%) and IS/Variant2/98 IBV (4.7%). Some of the detections made in the 4/91 and Mass lineages are expected to belong to the vaccine strains. Lineages without a homologous vaccine in use (CK/CH/LDL/97I and Middle East) represent 50% of the isolates recovered in this study. Based on identity with the vaccine sequences, field observations, and frequent detection, these two lineages appear to be out of coverage of the IBV vaccines used in Saudi Arabia. This is the first time to identify Middle East lineage (IS/720/99 IBV and IS/Variant2/98 IBV) in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.

ALEXEI VASSILIEV, The History of Saudi Arabia (London: Saqi Press, 1998). Pp. 482. $69.95 cloth.

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-192
Author(s):  
Hala Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
English Language ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Attention To Detail

This is the most complete and perhaps the best treatment of the origins and development of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia yet to appear in the English language. No serious library can afford to pass it up. The author is a Russian scholar who was Middle East correspondent for Pravda for many years, as well as the director of the Institute for African Studies and member of the Russian Foreign Ministry's advisory group. His knowledge of languages is used to great advantage in the book, and his bibliography of Arabic, Turkish, Russian, English, and French works is an impressive contribution to the history of the Arabian Peninsula. Rare indeed is the scholor who has read, let alone been able to retrieve, the number of valuable local histories that Vassiliev has used for the book. Despite its overwhelming attention to detail, his history is written in a fluid and accessible style, holding the reader's attention till the last. The narrative never flags, even when the author reconstructs the minutiae of the almost daily battles between the armies of central, eastern, and western Arabia in great and absorbing detail. In fact, some sections make for riveting reading, especially those in the latter part of the book, when Ibn Saud faces off against the Ikhwan or browbeats both the internal and external opposition to create his own imprint on the Arabian Peninsula.

IPTC 2020: A first for Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 878-879
Author(s):  
Joseph Reilly ◽  
Mohammed Badri
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Saudi Aramco ◽  
Executives And Managers

In a first since its founding in 2005, the International Petroleum Technology Conference (IPTC) is coming to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 13–15 January 2020, with Saudi Aramco as the exclusive host. Beyond the location in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, being a first for IPTC, it is also the first international multidisciplinary, multisociety oil and gas conference and expo ever to be held in Saudi Arabia. The conference is especially welcomed since the last IPTC conference in the Middle East was in December 2015 in Doha. The conference's executive committee included more than 45 top company executives and managers, positioning the event for remarkable success. Saudi Arabia has seen significant changes in recent years, making it a perfect place for this oil and gas conference that will attract many professionals to visit the kingdom and learn about its oil industry.

scholarly journals Three species of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato infect camels on the Arabian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad A. Al-Hizab ◽  
Nouh S. Mohamed ◽  
Marion Wassermann ◽  
Mahmoud A. Hamouda ◽  
Abdelazim M. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

AbstractWe report on the genetic identity of 36 Echinococcus cysts that were collected during a recent slaughterhouse survey of 810 locally bred camels (dromedaries) in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Analysis of a partial nad1 gene sequence showed that the majority (n = 29) belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto, four to E. canadensis G6/7, and three to E. ortleppi. Eight of the 29 E. granulosus s.s. cysts contained protoscoleces; all other cysts were calcified and non-viable. This is the first report of the presence E. ortleppi from the Arabian Peninsula, a parasite that is typically transmitted via cattle. The results indicate widespread infection of camels with CE in eastern Saudi Arabia and an active role of camels in the lifecycles of at least E. granulosus s.s.. Complete cox1 haplotype analysis of 21 E. granulosus s.s. isolates shows that the majority of variants circulating in eastern Saudi Arabia is distinct from but closely related to haplotypes from neighboring countries in the Middle East, which indicates the presence of this parasite in KSA for a longer period of time. All isolates of E. granulosus s.s. in this study belonged to the G1 cluster, although the G3 genotype has previously also been reported from the Middle East.

Diaspora, Remittances and Dependence on Arab Countries: A Case of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Syed Zohaib Abbas Rizvi ◽  
Sobia Jamil ◽  
Ali Imran Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
Dependency Model

This paper has formulated a model by the name of DRADM i.e. Diaspora-Remittances-Arab Dependency Model while studying the literature pertinent to the modes of remittance, sectarianism and the Pakistani diaspora in the Middle-East. Pakistan is home of a large Shi’a population second only to Iran and this community regularly visits the holy shrines in Iran, Syria and Iraq forming a heartily connection with these countries. Contrarily, the Sunni Arab world hosts a huge number of Pakistani workers who send a significant part of their salaries back to Pakistan. These remittances act as a viable source of foreign exchange and help in balance of payments each year. Since the former group (Shi’a) is influenced by Iran and the latter (Sunni) by Saudi Arabia, Pakistan finds itself in a flux. In its bid to make a balance between Iran and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), how Pakistan would manage its staggering economy with headship of Islamic military coalition, is a big question mark. With the help of published secondary data from governmental and other institutions this study examines the co-relation between remittances from Arab World and sectarianism (inside Pakistan and in Middle East) and its impact on the foreign policy of Pakistan.

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