Diatom biodiversity in the lake littoral of Rara Lake, a high altitude lake in the Himalaya of western Nepal

2019 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Ingrid Jüttner ◽  
Smriti Gurung ◽  
Anu Gurung ◽  
Chhatra M. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Lake Littoral ◽  
Substratum Type ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
High Altitude Lake ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Himalaya

Diatoms were investigated in the littoral of Rara Lake, Nepal, to investigate the impact of land use, substratum type and season. Species composition and diversity differed between areas, seasons and between stones, sediment and macrophytes. Both communities on stones and on sediment differed between the settlement and forested areas, but communities on stones showed the greatest differentiation between land use types.

scholarly journals Native forests but not agroforestry systems preserve arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species richness in southern Ethiopia

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-759
Author(s):  
Zerihun Belay ◽  
Mesele Negash ◽  
Janne Kaseva ◽  
Mauritz Vestberg ◽  
Helena Kahiluoto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rapid conversion of native forests to farmland in Ethiopia, the cradle of biodiversity, threatens the diversity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) pivotal to plant nutrition and carbon sequestration. This study aimed to investigate the impact of this land-use change on the AMF species composition and diversity in southern Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from nine plots in each of three land-use types: native forest, agroforestry, and khat monocropping. The plots of the three land-use types were located adjacent to each other for each of the nine replicates. Three 10 × 10m subplots per plot were sampled. AMF spores were extracted from the soil samples, spore densities were determined, and species composition and diversity were evaluated through morphological analysis. Both spore density and species richness were statistically significantly higher in the native forest than in the agroforestry plots with no clear difference to khat, whereas the true diversity (exponential of Shannon–Wiener diversity index) did not differ among the three land-use types due to high evenness among the species in agroforestry. In total, 37 AMF morphotypes belonging to 12 genera in Glomeromycota were found, dominated by members of the genera Acaulospora and Glomus. The highest isolation frequency index (78%) was recorded for Acaulospora koskei from native forest. Consequently, the agroforestry system did not appear to aid in preserving the AMF species richness of native forests relative to perennial monocropping, such as khat cultivation. In contrast, the native forest areas can serve as in situ genetic reserves of mycorrhizal symbionts adapted to the local vegetative, edaphic, and microbial conditions.

THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT URBAN LAND USE TYPES ON AIR POLLUTION IN THE MEGACITY OF SÃO PAULO

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Júlio Barboza Chiquetto ◽  
Maria Elisa Siqueira Silva ◽  
Rita Yuri Ynoue ◽  
Flávia Noronha Dutra Ribieiro ◽  
Débora Souza Alvim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Impact

A poluição do ar é influenciada por fatores naturais e antropogênicos. Quatro pontos de monitoramento (veicular, comercial, residencial e background urbano (BGU))da poluição do ar em São Paulo foram avaliados durante 16 anos, revelando diferenças significativas devidoao uso do solo em todas as escalas temporais. Na escala diurna, as concentrações de poluentes primários são duas vezes mais altas nos pontos veicular e residencial do que no ponto BGU, onde a concentração de ozonio (O3) é 50% mais alta. Na escala sazonal, as concentrações de monóxido de carbono(CO) variaram em 80% devido ao uso do solo, e 55% pela sazonalidade.As variações sazonais ede uso do solo exercem impactos similares nas concentrações de O3 e monóxido de nitrogênio (NO). Para o material particulado grosso (MP10) e o dióxido de nitrogênio(NO2), as variações sazonais são mais intensas do que as por uso do solo. Na série temporal de 16 anos, o ponto BGU apresentou correlações mais fortes e significativas entre a média mensal de ondas longas (ROL) e o O3 (0,48) e o MP10 (0,37), comparadas ao ponto veicular (0,33 e 0,22, respectivamente). Estes resultados confirmam que o uso do solo urbano tem um papel significativo na concentração de poluentes em todas as escalas de análise, embora a sua influência se torne menos pronunciada em escalas maiores, conforme a qualidade do ar transita de um sistema antropogênico para um sistema natural. Isto poderá auxiliar decisões sobre políticas públicas em megacidades envolvendo a modificação do uso do solo.

scholarly journals Presence of pharmaceutical compounds in groundwater with respect to land use in the vicinity of sampling sites

Geologos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kuczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract The present paper discusses the results of an analysis of the impact of land use on the distribution of pharmaceuticals in groundwater samples collected during a pilot study of the contents of pharmaceuticals and hormones in ground-water taken from the national groundwater monitoring network of the Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute. Samples were collected during monitoring campaigns from 160 groundwater monitoring sites in various land use types in 2016 and 2017. Samples were analysed for a total of 34 active substances, including natural and synthetic oestrogen hormones, cardiovascular and respiratory medications, analgesics and anti-inflammatories, antidepressants, antimicrobial drugs and anti-epileptics. Our study confirmed the presence of pharmaceuticals in 53 per cent of ground-water samples taken. Data show variations in the distribution of pharmaceuticals depending on land use type, which can thus be employed in pressure analysis and identification of sources of pollution.

scholarly journals Impacts of land use and topography on soil organic carbon in a Mediterranean landscape (north-western Tunisia)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donia Jendoubi ◽  
Hanspeter Liniger ◽  
Chinwe Ifejika Speranza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Mediterranean Landscape ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South ◽  
North Western

Abstract. This study evaluated the impact of land use and landscape forms on SOC within the Wadi Beja watershed in north-western Tunisia. A soil spectral library was set to assess the variation of the SOC of 1440 soil samples from four land use types (field crops, permanent crops, forest, and grazing land), three slope categories (flat, moderate, and steep) and two aspects (north- and south-facing). For field crops, only one factor – slope – significantly affected SOC, which SOC levels in north-facing areas appear higher in flat areas (0.75 %) than in hilly areas (0.51%). However, in south-facing areas, SOC levels were also higher in flat areas (0.74 %) than in hilly areas (0.50 %). For permanent crops, which was interplanted with field crops, the slope significantly affected SOC levels where SOC levels have been improved to 0.97 % in flat north facing and 0.96 % in flat south-facing areas, which are higher than hilly south – and north-facing areas (0.79 %). In the grazing land use system, both investigated factors – aspect and slope – significantly affected the SOC levels which, SOC levels were significantly higher in flat areas (north-facing: 0.84 %, south-facing: 0.77 %), compared to hilly areas (north-facing: 0.61 %, south-facing: 0.56 %). For the forest, none of the factors had a significant effect on the SOC, which they are higher in flat areas (north-facing: 1.15 %, south-facing: 1.14 %), compared to 1.09 % in north and 1.07 % in south-facing in steep areas. This study highlights the importance of the land use and landscape forms in determining the variation in SOC levels.

scholarly journals Influence of the Land Use Type on the Wild Plant Diversity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Ina Aneva ◽  
Petar Zhelev ◽  
Simeon Lukanov ◽  
Mariya Peneva ◽  
Kiril Vassilev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
The Impact

Studies on the impact of agricultural practices on plant diversity provide important information for policy makers and the conservation of the environment. The aim of the present work was to evaluate wild plant diversity across the agroecosystems in two contrasting regions of Bulgaria; Pazardzhik-Plovdiv (representing agroecosystems in the lowlands) and Western Stara Planina (the Balkan Mountains, representing agroecosystems in the foothills of the mountains). This study conducted a two-year assessment of plant diversity in different types of agricultural and forest ecosystems, representing more than 30 land use types. Plant diversity, measured by species number, was affected by the land use type only in Pazardzhik-Plovdiv region. More pronounced was the effect of the groups of land use types on the diversity, measured by the mean species number per scoring plot. Climatic conditions, measured by 19 bioclimatic variables, were the most important factor affecting plant species diversity. Six bioclimatic variables had a significant effect on the plant diversity, and the effect was more pronounced when the analysis considered pooled data of the two regions. The highest plant diversity was found on grazing land with sparse tree cover, while the lowest one was in the land use types representing annual crops or fallow. The study also established a database on weed species, relevant to agriculture. A number of common weeds were found in the Pazardzhik-Plovdiv region, while the most frequent species in the Western Stara Planina region were indigenous ones. Overall, the natural flora of Western Stara Planina was more conserved; eleven orchid species with conservation significance were found in the pastures and meadows in that region. The present study is the first attempt in Bulgaria to characterize the plant diversity across diverse agroecosystems representing many different land use types and environmental conditions. The results can contribute to nature conservation, biodiversity, and the sustainable use of plant resources.

scholarly journals Fluxes of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Dissolved Organic Carbon in the inflow of the Lehnmühle reservoir (Saxony) as compared to streams draining three main land-use types in the catchment

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Benning ◽  
K. Schua ◽  
K. Schwärzel ◽  
K. H. Feger
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Doc Concentration ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of land-use on inputs of nitrogen, phosphorus, and DOC into the inflow of the Lehnmühle reservoir (drinking water supply). Land-use in the study area is dominated by forest, with smaller proportions of grassland and crops. Water quality was analyzed for the hydrological years 2010 and 2011 at the outlets of three small catchments with homogenous land-use (crops, grassland and forest) and at the outlet of the watershed. The highest nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were observed in the streams draining the agricultural areas, and the lowest concentrations were found in the forest catchment. The DOC concentration was highest at the outlet of the watershed whereas the concentrations in the small homogeneous catchments were lower. The information collected about the land-use dependent matter exports in these study areas will be used for climate change impact modeling with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of land-use types on the groundwater quality: a case study of Mid River Njoro Catchment, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halake Guyo Rendilicha ◽  
Patrick Home ◽  
James M. Raude ◽  
Charles M. M’Erimba ◽  
Stellamaris Muthoka
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Settlement Area ◽  
Mixed Area ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The study assessed the impact of land-use types on the groundwater quality of the mid River Njoro catchment, Kenya. Groundwater samples were collected from eight boreholes between the period of October 2017 to February 2018 and analyzed for pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonium, and total phosphorus. These parameters were used to calculate the Groundwater Quality Index (GQI) value of the study area. The concentration maps (“primary maps I”) were constructed using Kriging interpolation of ArcGIS software from the seven groundwater quality parameters. The “primary maps I” were standardized with the KEBS and WHO standards to the “primary maps II” for ease of integration into a GIS environment. The “primary maps II” were then rated and weighted using a polynomial function to generate “rank maps” before calculating the GQI using spatial analyst tools of ArcGIS software. The land use map was prepared from a high-resolution Google earth satellite imagery of 2015. The mean GQI values for the different land use polygons were calculated and compared using GIS techniques. The GQI ranged from 68.38 to 70.92, indicating a high groundwater quality of mid River Njoro catchment. The major land-use types identified include settlement area, forest cover, agricultural land and mixed area. The agricultural land dominated the study area, followed by settlement area, forest cover and finally mixed area. The mean GQI value in each land use type varied minimally and this could be because of the diffuse nature of the land use types of the study area. Settlement area had low GQI, followed by agricultural land, mixed area and the forest cover had the highest mean GQI value, which corresponds to good quality of groundwater. Even though the variation is insignificant in this particular study, it somehow indicates the adverse effects of different land use on the quality of groundwater.

scholarly journals Impact of Land Use On The Variability of Soil Attributes Within Distinct Amazonian Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Eleotério de Aquino ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Laércio Santos Silva ◽  
Romário Pimenta Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Changes in soil attributes caused by the conversion of native forest for agricultural use in the Amazon region is an area of research because of current uncertainties regarding land use and occupation processes. These uncertainties are significant for tropical soils. Understanding changes in soil attributes is vital for developing strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the Amazon region. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of land use on soil attribute variability occurring in distinctly Amazonian environments. This study was conducted using five meshes in Southern Amazonas: Forest 1, cassava, sugarcane, Forest 2, and Archeological Dark Earth (ADE). Descriptive statistical, geostatistical, and multivariate analyses were performed on data obtained from local measurements of CO2 emissions and data obtained from physical and chemical analysis of soil layers up to a depth of 20 cm. Most physical, chemical, and biological attributes of the soil were related to land use classifications. The similarity between cultivated and forested areas yielded no evidence of land degradation resulting from land use. Increasing certain physical attributes total porosity (PT), soil moisture (SM), and Macroporosity (Macro) yielded a greater increase in the CO2 efflux for ADE and Amazon forest environments than for cultivated regions.

scholarly journals The use of epilithic diatom assemblages in assessing land use in Silago, Southern Leyte, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Diatom Assemblages ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Epilithic Diatom

Silago is a municipality in Southern Leyte in which logging for high-quality timber and land clearing for agricultural purposes threaten stream ecosystems. The objective of this study was to assess the response of diatom assemblages in relation to land use. Diatoms and water quality sampling was done at 27 sites on two sampling occasions (June and July 2014). Multiple diatom metrics were calculated to measure the response of diatoms to changes in land use. In all, 135 diatom species distributed to 48 genera were recorded. The results showed that diatom species and their attributes gave similar responses to those obtained in environmental variables. Pollution tolerance index classified all sampling sites as oligo-b-mesosaprobic. Meanwhile, Cymbella richness, percent motile taxa, and percent Achnanthidium minutissimum indicated good water quality in forested areas, distinguishing them from other land use types. Contrary to other studies, species richness was found to increase with greater degrees of disturbance, thus giving unreliable evaluation of water quality. Overall, the study suggests that epilithic diatoms can be applied in biomonitoring of freshwater bodies in the country.

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