scholarly journals Effect of Shielding Gases on the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturability of 5 Cr – 4 Mo Tool Steel for Die Casting Mold Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 852-862
Author(s):  
Jae-Deuk Kim ◽  
Jae Won Kim ◽  
Joo Yong Cheon ◽  
Yang-Do Kim ◽  
Changwook Ji
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Shielding Gases ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Generally, molds are fabricated by the machining of massive billets of tool steels, such as AISI4140 or H13, but it has drawbacks, such as a large material loss and long-delivery time. The Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process could be an alternative fabrication method. It has the advantages of less material loss, short-delivery time, and the chance to make a reinforced mold using dissimilar materials. 5 Cr – 4 Mo steel wire has high potential to produce molds via the WAAM process. This is a commercial tool steel solid wire initially designed for the repair and modification of tools and molds that has superior hot wear resistance and toughness. However, no study has examined the WAAM of tool steels, even though it has high potential and advantages. Shielding gas has a significant effect on the performance of the WAAM process, which is based on gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Argon (an inert gas) and carbon dioxide (a reactive gas) are generally used for the GMAW of steel alloys, and they are frequently used as mixed gases at various ratios. Shielding gases have a significant influence on the arc stability, weld quality, and formation of weld defects. Therefore, using a proper shielding gas for the material and process is important to sound WAAM performance. This paper discusses the effect of the shielding gas on the additive manufacturability of tool steel, as a first step for the WAAM of die casting molds. The experiments were conducted with two different shielding gases, M21 (Ar + 18% CO2) and C1 (100% CO2). The use of C1 showed neither surface contamination nor internal defects, and resulted in a larger amount of deposition than the M21.

ALMOLD 20

Alloy Digest ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Quality Tool

Abstract ALMOLD 20 is a chromium-molybdenum tool steel of medium-carbon content. It was designed especially for zinc die casting dies and plastic molds. It is produced to high-quality tool-steels standards to permit a high luster to be achieved on polished die cavity surfaces. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and hardness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-292. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

CRUCIBLE CSM #2

Alloy Digest ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Alloy Tool ◽  
Crucible Steel

Abstract Crucible CSM #2 is an alloy tool steel recommended for die casting dies and plastic molds. It is usually heat treated to two hardness levels, either 200 Brinell or 300 Brinell. CSM #2 machines readily and polishes easily at both hardness levels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-210. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America.

UDDEHOLM QRO 80 MICRODIZED

Alloy Digest ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract UHB QRO 80 MICRODIZED is a chromium-molybdenum-vanadium tool steel with improved performance for tooling used at elevated temperature as in forging, extrusion and die casting. It is electro-slag refined. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-486. Producer or source: Uddeholm Aktiebolag.

AISI TYPE P20

Alloy Digest ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Casting Alloys ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Quality Tool

Abstract AISI Type P20 is a chromium-molybdenum tool steel of medium carbon content. It usually is supplied in the prehardened condition (about 300 Brinell) so that the cavity can be machined and the mold or die placed directly in service; however, for some uses further treatments are employed. It is produced to high-quality tool-steel standards to permit a high luster to be achieved on the surface of the polished die cavity. P20 is used for molds for plastics and for die-casting dies for zinc and other low-temperature casting alloys. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-393. Producer or source: Tool steel mills.

TLS A6

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Tool Steels

Abstract TLS A6 is a medium-alloy air-hardening tool steel that is known for its through hardening at the low temperatures typically used with oil-hardening tool steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as heat treating and machining. Filing Code: TS-638. Producer or source: Timken Latrobe Steel.

LUKENS TOOL STEELS

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Heat Treated

Abstract Lukens cold-work tool steels A2, D2, O1, S5, and S7 are used in applications where an air-hardening, oil-hardening, or shock-resisting tool steel is required. These steels are available in full-size, annealed plates suitable for saw cutting and/or finishing. Parts can subsequently be machined and heat treated to a range of hardness requirements. For improved internal cleanliness, all Lukens cold-work tool steels are produced with maximum sulfur levels of 0.010%. This datasheet provides information on composition. It also includes information on machining and joining. Filing Code: TS-550. Producer or source: Lukens Steel Company.

Prediction of suitable heat treatment for H13 tool steels by application of thermal shock fatigue cycle

2021 ◽  
pp. 135065012110118
Author(s):  
Palani Karthikeyan ◽  
Sumit Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
H13 Steel ◽  
H13 Tool Steel ◽  
Cyclic Treatment

In industry, thermally shocked components lead to early failures and unexpected breakdowns during production resulting in huge losses in profit. Thus, the present study investigates the as-received, hardened and hardened and nitrogen treated H13 tool steels subjected to a thermal shock gradient similar to the actual industrial applications. The thermal shock gradients were created by using an in-house-built thermal shock fatigue cyclic treatment machine. The effect of thermal shock fatigue cyclic treatments at 1000 and 2000 thermal shock cycles in hot and molten metal chambers was noticed. All the thermal shock fatigue cyclic-treated samples were analysed by hardness, X-ray diffraction, microscopy and magnetic tests. The interesting changes in hardness, distorted crystal structure and crack initiation were found to be different for differently treated H13 tool steel specimens. The molten aluminium was more prone to stick to the surface of as-received as well as hardened and nitrogen treated steel compared to the hardened H13 steel specimens, which would delay the crack initiation. The wear resistance properties of the hardened H13 steel specimens were found to be higher than as-received and hardened and nitrogen treated H13 steel specimens after thermal shock fatigue cyclic treatment. The loss in magnetic properties was significant for the hardened and hardened and nitrogen treated samples compared to as-received H13 tool steel specimens. Therefore, the present 1000 and 2000 thermal fatigue cycles for 30 s at 670 °C would be worthy to predict the proper heat treatment method to design the parameters as well as the life of die-casting components and to help in the economical production of casting.

scholarly journals Shielding gas effect on the structure of variable polarity GMA weldbrazed joints of galvanised sheets

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
T. Pfeifer ◽  
A. Winiowski ◽  
J. Pikuła
Keyword(s):  
Partial Melting ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Shielding Gases ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Variable Polarity ◽  
Gas Effect

Abstract The article presents the course and results of tests aimed to determine the effect of shielding gas on the shape of a weldbraze and on the structure of weldbrazed joints made of thin galvanised sheets. Test joints were made using innovative VP GMA weldbrazing utilising variable current and voltage waveforms. The tests involved the use of 3 types of shielding gases and mixtures, i.e. Ar, Ar + 1% O2 and Ar + 18% CO2, and required macro and microscopic metallographic examination of overlay brazes and weldbrazed joints. The tests conducted have revealed that the use of mixtures containing active gases, and CO2 in particular, increases the heat input of a weldbrazing process, improves the wettability of sheets and the geometry of weldbrazes, yet it also favours greater coat damage in the joining area and causes partial melting of workpieces.

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