Coffee and qat on the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia – botanical, ethnobotanical and commercial observations made in Yemen 1762–1763

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
I. Friis
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Made In

In spite of widespread consumption of coffee in Europe at the time of the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia 1761–1767, little was known of the cultivation of coffee in Yemen and of the Arabian coffee export to Europe. Fresh leaves of qat were used as a stimulant on the Arabian Peninsula and in East Africa, but before the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia this plant was known in Europe only from secondary reports. Two members of the expedition, Carsten Niebuhr and Peter Forsskål, pioneered studies of coffee and qat in Yemen and of the Arabian coffee export. Linnaeus' instructions for travellers requested observations on the use of coffee, but otherwise Forsskål and Niebuhr's studies of coffee and qat were made entirely on their own initiative. Now, 250 years after The Royal Danish expedition to Arabia, coffee has become one of the world's most valuable trade commodities and qat has become a widely used and banned drug.

The biting habits of Aedes (Skusea) pembaensis Theo. and some other mosquitos of Faza, Pate Island, East Africa

1964 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. C. van Someren ◽  
M. Furlong
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moon Phase ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Biphasic Pattern ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Biting Behaviour ◽  
Made In

Descriptions are given of 24-hour biting catches, made in and around Faza, a village on Pate Island, off the north-east coast of Kenya, East Africa.Aedes pembaensis Theo. was the predominant mosquito in these catches but fair numbers of Aedes mombasaensis Mattingly were also taken; the biting cycles of these two are discussed. Six other species were taken in small numbers.For Ae. pembaensis, biting cycles calculated on catches grouped for site, moon phases, neap tides and spring tides show that both moon and tide and light intensity influence the biting behaviour. Different but recurring patterns occur with various combinations of these factors.For Ae. mombasaensis, the cycles have a very constant biphasic pattern. Catches grouped for moon phases, tides and catch sites, as for Ae. pembaensis, show that more biting females are taken at neap tides than at spring tides. Two patterns of behaviour occur, one associated with spring tides and the other with neap tides. An even level of biting activity occurs during the night with intense and prolonged moonlight; otherwise moon-phase cycles have little effect on biting behaviour.It is felt that 24-hour biting catches can give useful information on behaviour patterns but it is desirable to have a long series of catches to analyse. For the purpose of calculating biting cycles, the results of catches showing similar modifications in behaviour should be treated separately.

Molecular evidence for the assignment of the Cameroonian freshwater crab genus Louisea Cumberlidge, 1994, to the Afrotropical subfamily Potamonautinae Bott, 1970 (Crustacea: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4286 (3) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE A. MVOGO NDONGO ◽  
NEIL CUMBERLIDGE ◽  
THEODOR S. POETTINGER ◽  
THOMAS VON RINTELEN ◽  
JOSEPH L. TAMESSE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Freshwater Crab ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Zoogeographical Region

The family Potamonautidae Bott, 1970, currently comprises 19 genera assigned to two subfamilies (Potamonautinae Bott, 1970, and Deckeniinae Hilgendorf, 1869) based on morphological and molecular studies (Cumberlidge 1999; Daniels et al. 2006a, 2015; Cumberlidge et al. 2008; Cumberlidge & Ng 2009). All members of this family are endemic to the Afrotropical zoogeographical region that includes most of continental Africa plus the continental islands of Madagascar, the granitic Seychelles, Socotra, and the southern Arabian Peninsula. Seven genera from sub-Saharan Africa are presently assigned to Potamonautinae (see Cumberlidge et al. 2008; Daniels et al. 2015): Erimetopus Rathbun, 1894, Liberonautes Bott, 1955, Louisea Cumberlidge, 1994, Potamonautes Bott, 1970, Potamonemus Cumberlidge & Clark, 1992, Sudanonautes Bott, 1955, and Platythelphusa A. Milne-Edwards, 1887. Twelve genera from West and East Africa, Seychelles, and Madagascar are assigned to Deckeniinae (see Cumberlidge et al. 2008; Meyer et al. 2014; Daniels et al. 2015): Deckenia Hilgendorf, 1869, Seychellum Ng, Števčić & Pretzmann, 1995, Globonautes Bott, 1959, Afrithelphusa Bott, 1969, Boreas Cumberlidge & Sternberg, 2002, Foza Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006a, Hydrothelphusa A. Milne-Edwards, 1872, Madagapotamon Bott, 1965, Malagasya Cumberlidge & Sternberg, 2002, Marojejy Cumberlidge, Boyko & Harvey, 2000, Skelosophusa Ng & Takeda, 1994, and Glabrithelphusa Meyer, Cumberlidge & Koppin, 2014. 

Historical evidence warns about disastrous tele-tsunami risk on the coast of East Africa.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Maselli ◽  
Davide Oppo ◽  
Andrew Moore ◽  
Aditya Gusman ◽  
Cassy Mtelela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Made In

<p>The 2004 tsunami killed more than 200,000 people in Asia, but fewer than 300 in all East Africa. As a result, the search for ancient precursors has focused primarily along the coastlines of the Northern and Eastern Indian Ocean. No efforts to study past events were made in East Africa, leading to an underestimation of the tsunami risk in the region. Here we document a 1,000-yr old event that devastated a coastal Swahili settlement in Tanzania. Our study suggests a tsunami wave as the most likely explanation, in agreement with coeval tsunami deposits elsewhere across the Indian Ocean.  Numerical simulations of tsunami flooding suggest a megathrust earthquake from the Andaman-Sumatra subduction zone as a potential source, with a larger magnitude than the 2004 event. Our findings indicate that tele-tsunamis represent a serious threat to coastal societies along the Western Indian Ocean, with implications for future tsunami hazard and risk assessments.</p>

Contradictions between the Sacred and the Secular Life: The Church Missionary Society in Ukaguru, Tanzania, East Africa, 1876–1914

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Beidelman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
East Central ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Church Missionary Society ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

This essay discusses some beliefs and activities of the Church Missionary Society (CMS), a missionary body of Evangelicals in the Church of England, as its members attempted to found and expand missionary work in Ukaguru, an area inhabited by the Kaguru people about one hundred and fifty miles inland in east-central Tanzania. In the nineteenth century, Ukaguru lay on the most frequented caravan route used to reach the great interlacustrine kingdoms of Uganda. Initial contact with the Kaguru was made in 1876 by CMS members en route to Buganda. Although CMS work in East Africa was concentrated in Uganda and coastal and highland Kenya, a minor station in Ukaguru was established in 1878, in part as a rest-stop for those proceeding inland but also to save souls.

Pannaria conoplea and P. tavaresii (Ascomycota: Pannariaceae) new to Chile

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Galloway ◽  
Wanda Quilhot ◽  
Per Magnus Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Austrocedrus Chilensis ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Made In

A collection of lichens made in 1998 (by WQ) from the bark of Austrocedrus chilensis at a locality in southern Chile, disclosed two species of Pannaria not hitherto recorded from the Chilean lichen mycobiota (Galloway & Quilhot 1999): (1) the pantemperate taxon Pannaria conoplea (Ach.) Bory, which is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere as well as having rare outliers in East Africa, Venezuela, Ecuador and Australia (see Jørgensen 1978; Swinscow & Krog 1988; Jørgensen & Galloway 1992; Jørgensen & Arvidsson 2004), and (2) Pannaria tavaresii P. M. Jørg., known earlier from North America (including Mexico and Jamaica), Portugal, Macaronesia (Jørgensen 1978), Australia (Jørgensen & Galloway 1992), Sardinia and Italy (Nimis 1993) and previously collected in 1986 from near Valdivia in Chile. The discovery of Pannaria conoplea and P. tavaresii in Chile adds to the known Pannaria mycobiota of Chile (Galloway & Quilhot 1999), bringing the total number of species of this genus in Chile to 23. Eleven taxa formerly placed in Psoroma, are now correctly accommodated in Pannaria (see Jørgensen 2001b; Elvebakk & Galloway 2003; Jørgensen & Sipman 2004; Passo et al. 2004). Both Pannaria conoplea and P. tavaresii are within the currently accepted circumscription of Pannaria (Jørgensen 1994, 2004a, 2004b). Descriptions of the Chilean material are given below.

Virus disease of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.)

1965 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Brown ◽  
G. Swaine
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Caustic Potash ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
Alkali Solutions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Made In

Field and laboratory studies of virus disease in the armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) were carried out in East Africa in 1962–64. A nuclear polyhedrosis virus was detected microscopically in pupae, prepupae and all larval instars except the first, and was found to be widely distributed in most areas subject to outbreaks of armyworm in East Africa. The signs and course of the disease in larvae of S. exempta are described. Attempts made in the laboratory to infect S. triturata and other species of Spodoptera with virus from S. exempta failed. In unsterile conditions of maintenance, almost all laboratory cultures from wild-caught female moths sustained heavy infections. The appearance of the symptoms of polyhedrosis was accelerated at higher temperatures, and the incidence was higher in more crowded cultures. Transmission took place from contaminated leaves to larvae and probably from one larva to another. There was evidence also of generation-to-generation transmission through the egg.The effect on polyhedra of immersion in alkali solutions was investigated; it. was found that immersion for 15 minutes in 0·2 per cent. caustic potash effectively dissolved the matrix and inactivated the virus. When all equipment was sterilised in this way (or, later, with 0·4% caustic potash) apparently virus-free cultures were obtained by rearing the larvae from wild-caught females in isolation and breeding from those that survived to become adults.The possible use of the virus for control of outbreaks of armyworm in the field is discussed; it is concluded that there is at present insufficient evidence to show whether such a measure would be effective.

Population history of the Red Sea-genetic exchanges between the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa signaled in the mitochondrial DNA HV1 haplogroup

2011 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Musilová ◽  
Verónica Fernandes ◽  
Nuno M. Silva ◽  
Pedro Soares ◽  
Farida Alshamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Population History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Demonic bestiary of Makonde in the perception of Warsaw respondents

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Zofia Gralak
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Made In

Perception is a particularly interesting and quite diverse phenomenon. It mainly depends on different interpretations presented by recipients. This work aims at constituting a cross-sectional list of analyses of attitudes presented by Warsaw society during contact with sculptures of Makonde artists. Thanks to the support of PTAfr and the courtesy of the Library in Koszykowa Street, on 16-19 January, and on 24 January 2018, research was carried out in reference to the exhibition titled: «Między sztuką a opętaniem. Hebanowe bestiarium ludu Makonde. Fotografie Piotra Sadurskiego» [Between Art and Possession. Ebony bestiary of Makonde people. Piotr Sadurski Photography]. During the exhibition, sculptures from the collection of Ewa and Eugeniusz Rzewuski entered into the artistic dialogue with photographs by Piotr Sadurski. All the exhibited works were mainly in the style of shetani, referring to demonic presentations. Makonde sculptures are an example of contemporary art of East Africa. Their roots should be sought in indigenous traditions and beliefs. Makonde artists come from Mozambique, but as a result of social unrest many of them were forced to leave their homeland. They found themselves safe in Tanzania, where a large part of Makonde people live and create in the Dar Es Salaam area until today. The exhibition featured sculptures of the most outstanding representatives of this trend. Within the research, the respondents attending the exhibition were presented with photographs made in two distinct stylistic conventions: chiaroscuro one and formal one. The primary objective of this is to show some ways of perception of Makonde artists' sculptures, distant in terms of culture, by respondents participating in the Warsaw research.

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