The Years: Moment of Transition

Author(s):  
Pam Morris

In The Years, Woolf foregrounds the private house as materialised geography of multiple force fields of change and conservatism. The house constitutes the interface between the biological necessities of embodied creatures and the regulatory, reiterative codes of gender and class that produce identity. Woolf attends to a moment in the 1930s when large scale public provision of housing and the necessary infrastructure of utilities extended the public terrain into what had previously been the private domain. The potential convergence of class values and life style, brought about by extension of plumbing and wiring, however, came into conflict with demand for home-owning consumerism and privacy. Woolf brings into visibility and audibility the common life of London streets and the shared realm of the physical world in opposition to the regulated individualism sheltered in the family house.

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen McDonagh

Before the welfare state, people were protected from disabilities resulting from illness, old age, and other infirmities by care work provided within the family. When the state assumes responsibility for care-work tasks, in effect it assumes parental roles, thereby becoming a form offamilial governmentin which the public provision of goods and services is analogous to care work provided in the family. My research pushes back the origins of the state’s obligation to care for people to a preindustrial form of government, hereditary monarchies—what Max Weber termed patrimonialism. It explicates how monarchs were cast as the parents of the people, thereby constituting kingship as a care work regime that assigned to political rulers parental responsibility for the welfare of the people. Using historical and quantitative analysis, I establish that retaining the legitimacy of monarchies as the first form of familial government in the course of Western European democratizing makes it more credible to the public and to political elites to accept the welfare state as the second form of familial government. That, in turn, promotes a more robust public sector supportive of social provision. The results reformulate conceptions of the contemporary welfare state and its developmental legacies.


2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumie Yatagai

This paper focuses on the Japanese film director called Kenji Mizoguchi who worked not only the making films but gave the caricature impact to the Japanese society. He was touching with the Japanese philosophy and spirit before and after the World War II. He described the common life of the Japanese life, especially tracing on how the women were dis-treated because of the context of the machismo in the public and at home. Also, the women were prohibited to have good education. The Japanese women at that time had a harsh moment to find their identity. For instance, as I experienced the poverty and discriminations just to be a women, Mizoguchi’s film encouraged me and opened a door to the new life.


Author(s):  
Edna Ullmann-Margalit

How do people proceed when they cannot act on the basis of reasons, or project likely consequences? How is social order possible? Ullmann-Margalit demonstrates that people have identifiable strategies for making difficult decisions, whether the question is small (what to buy at a supermarket) or big (whether to transform one’s life in some large-scale way). She also shows that social dilemmas are solved by norms; that invisible-hand explanations take two identifiable (and dramatically different) forms; that trust can emerge in seemingly unpromising situations; and that considerateness is the foundation on which our relationships are organized in both the thin context of the public space and the intimate context of the family.


1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 163-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Allatt

Schooling is a relational good, its consumption founded in social reciprocities. A qualitative study of the purchase and use of schooling by three middle class families challenges the view of identity formation as a project of individual self-realization. Traversing the public domain of the quasi-market of education and the private domain of the family, schooling switches from commodity to gift, entering the associated systems of commodity exchange and moral reciprocities. The tailoring to parental ends of the education offered by schools, and the co-labour of consumption within the household in the form of homework, shaped young people's identity, colonized and reproduced the family.


2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Stuart Price

This article examines the ways in which executive authority and media organizations categorize the spectacle of public violence and disaster, with particular reference to an event (the Germanwings crash in 2015) where large-scale fatalities were purposely caused. On occasions when a perpetrator commits multiple killings (acting impersonally but with “malice aforethought,” and usually against civilian victims), the immediate question appears to be whether or not the incident should be classified as a terrorist attack. This is especially the case during periods when mass or individual assaults are prominent in the public domain. The article examines the problems inherent in the uses of unstable or contested linguistic definitions, which typify the family of terms that include both the act of terrorizing individuals, groups, and wider polities, and the supposedly political practice known as terrorism.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Ma ◽  
Shufan Wang ◽  
Xuanru Lin ◽  
Xiaohua Li ◽  
Xiaotao Han ◽  
...  

Abstract The COVID-19, which belongs to the family of Coronaviridae and is large-scale outbreak in the whole world, is a public health emergency for human beings and brings some very harmful consequences in social and economic fields. In order to modelling the COVID-19 and develop the efficient control method corresponding to the contacting distance, this paper proposes an SEIR-type epidemic model with the contacting distance between the healthy individuals and the asymptomatic or symptomatic infected individuals, and the immigration rate of the healthy individuals, since the contacting distance and the immigration rate are two critical factors which determine the transmission of the COVID-19. Firstly, the threshold contacting distance and the threshold immigration rate are obtained by analyze the dynamical behaviors of the proposed SEIR-type epidemic model in order to control the COVID-19. The effect of the contacting distance and the immigration rate on the control of the COVID-19 are revealed based on ecological and epidemiological issues. The results show that the COVID-19 will be controlled while the contacting distance between the healthy individuals and the symptomatic infected individuals is larger than the threshold value A~ and the immigration rate is smaller than the threshold value ~ d. Secondly, the sensitivity analysis is conducted and the results show that the contacting distance and the immigration rate play an important role in controlling the COVID-19. Finally, the numerical test for Wuhan city are conducted and the conclusions show that the extinct lag decreases as the the contacting distance increase or the immigration rate decrease. Our study could give some reasonable suggestions for the health officials and the public.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Ma ◽  
Shufan Wang ◽  
Xuanru Lin ◽  
Xiaohua Li ◽  
Xiaotao Han ◽  
...  

Abstract The COVID-19, which belongs to the family of Coronaviridae and is large-scale outbreak in the whole world, is a public health emergency for human beings and brings some very harmful consequences in social and economic fields. In order to modelling the COVID-19 and develop the efficient control method corresponding to the contacting distance, this paper proposes an SEIR-type epidemic model with the contacting distance between the healthy individuals and the asymptomatic or symptomatic infected individuals, and the immigration rate of the healthy individuals, since the contacting distance and the immigration rate are two critical factors which determine the transmission of the COVID-19. Firstly, the threshold contacting distance and the threshold immigration rate are obtained by analyze the dynamical behaviors of the proposed SEIR-type epidemic model in order to control the COVID-19. The effect of the contacting distance and the immigration rate on the control of the COVID-19 are revealed based on ecological and epidemiological issues. The results show that the COVID-19 will be controlled while the contacting distance between the healthy individuals and the symptomatic infected individuals is larger than the threshold value $\tilde{d}^*$ and the immigration rate is smaller than the threshold value $\tilde{A}^*$. Secondly, the sensitivity analysis is conducted and the results show that the contacting distance and the immigration rate play an important role in controlling the COVID-19. Finally, the numerical test for Wuhan city are conducted and the conclusions show that the extinct lag decreases as the the contacting distance increase or the immigration rate decrease. Our study could give some reasonable suggestions for the health officials and the public.


Author(s):  
Gergely Baics

This chapter provides a new account of the political economy of the public market system of provisioning, exploring how the common good of citizens' access to food was forged out of the conflicting and converging interests, rights, and responsibilities of the three constituent parties involved: residents, market vendors, and city officials. It then discusses the process of market deregulation, exploring how and why citizens' access to food was gradually pushed from the public to the private domain through the expansion of informal retail from the 1830s, followed by the market laws' repeal in 1843. Further, it details the shifting ground of public and private goods, outlining the fiscal connections between the liberalization of New York's formerly tightly regulated food economy and the city's huge investments in the Croton Waterworks.


2020 ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Y. Bevzyuk ◽  
O. Tabanyukhova

The article deals with the process of formation of the Czech national identity, a distinctive phenomenon that has combined ethnic originality and the common flow of formation of European nations. As a large-scale European phenomenon of the period of formation of nations, this process was a multifaceted and multilayered social movement. The latter defined not only the cultural, social and political conditions of the modern nations and states, but also their national ideas, which have continued shaping the real content of the modern European history. As a matter of fact, the formation of the modern quality of the Czech society largely depended on educational intellectual societies, scientific and educational institutions and public organisations that generated the elements of intellectualisation of the public, formed an independent personality, promoted the cultivation of a civic duty. In general, the activities of early academic institutions were not just a changing subject in the political complex of the imperial cultural architecture. Early Czech patriotic institutions served as catalysts for the process of modernisation of national consciousness. At the same time, they remained Zemsky institutions with a small readership, and, of course, in some way, this reduced the intensity of the national process. Taking into account the linguistic basis of the formation of the scientific and patriotic Czech institutions, the fact, that all of them have gained experience of public education, should be emphasized; the process of spiritual institutionalisation of the "third state" was initiated, the linguistic ideologeme of the Czech National Revival grew stronger and later became part of political programmes of future national Czech parties.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Tracy Harkison ◽  
Brent Martin

2020 was one of the most challenging years to date for the New Zealand hospitality industry. As part of a wider study, a series of interviews were conducted to gain insights into what New Zealand professionals faced through this challenging time with some of their philosophical and career overviews. In this second interview, conducted in November 2020, Tracy Harkison interviewed Brent Martin, executive chef at Park Hyatt Auckland. Questions asked ranged from his passion for hospitality and dealing with COVID-19 to his hopes for the future of hospitality in New Zealand. Tracy Harkison What do you love about working in hospitality? Brent Martin The biggest thing for me is the opportunity – the opportunities that hospitality has given me. I don’t think there is another career that could have given me these opportunities to travel, to live in different cultures, meet different people, and just experience the world. You adapt a lot more and you learn a lot more about your own personality and your own way to deal with things in different cultures. I think hospitality work is a way to broaden people’s lives. Tracy Are there unique aspects to the New Zealand hospitality industry? Brent We are an international brand and hopefully this brings a wealth of knowledge back to New Zealand, which we’re starting to see – not just in hotels but restaurants who have had several really well-known chefs coming back. So the uniqueness of New Zealand is that we have a clean slate and a blank canvas on which we can create these experiences. Tracy Why start a career in hospitality? Brent There are a couple of components to this, it’s the camaraderie and it’s the family values that people have. I’ve been in the industry 30 plus years and the friends that I’ve gained along the way are my friends for life. The time that you spend working in hospitality is sometimes time spent with your best friend. People that come into hospitality really learn about that. Once those borders open, we’re going to be inundated with hundreds of thousands of people coming to New Zealand, and this is going to be very much an ongoing process in New Zealand. New Zealand is struggling for hospitality people and it’s going to open up a lot of doors for people who may have different views of what hospitality is. Tracy When starting in the industry, what advice would you give? Brent You’ve got to come into the industry with an open mind. You need to have passion and you’ve got to understand the unsociable hours. But the rewards at the end of what can happen here are amazing. The reward of seeing people eating in your restaurant, eating your food, it is amazing. When somebody comes up to you and says, “That’s the best meal I’ve ever had”, it’s instant gratification, whereas a lot of people won’t be able to get that kind of gratification from a job. Tracy What has been your greatest leadership challenge? Brent The biggest challenge for me was opening a mega-resort in the Bahamas where I had to find 400 plus cooks/staff from a population of about 200,000. So, the biggest challenge for me was to find cooks who could actually cook. To open up this mega-resort with 26 different restaurants with different cuisines and different styles, there were days I thought I’d never get there, but I ended up with over 420 staff members by the time I left the property. Tracy The COVID 19 situation – what was your decision-making process? Brent The biggest thing for us was that we never wanted to lose an employee, and that was our commitment from day one: how do we keep every employee employed in this hotel throughout this pandemic? The team really focused on watching out for each other, helping each other and knowing what the end goal was. But we had to set a standard of what this hotel was going to be; the expectations of the owner, ourselves and obviously the public was the biggest hurdle that we had to really push. We have proper practices throughout the hotel – all the staff wear face masks; that is a corporate directive from our Hyatt Corporation. Tracy How would you change the New Zealand hospitality industry? Brent I wish that we had a lot more energy to be willing to service a guest right. We talk about hospitality in New Zealand and we’re very open – you’re a family house to guests, which is amazing. It’s a refinement of what hospitality could be in New Zealand that is needed. It’s the boundaries of how my service is… how involved am I with that person at a table; at the front desk, am I too over-powering, or am I attentive enough. So it’s just refining that level of service to really understand who that customer is, and the ability to read the situation that you’re in and have three or four talking points. The most important thing is, how do we start a conversation and how do we stop a conversation with a customer; it’s the hardest thing to do, but it’s important. Corresponding author Tracy Harkison can be contacted at: [email protected]


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