Metaphor and Intertextuality: A Cognitive Approach to Intertextual Meaning-Making in Metafictional Fantasy Novels

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Anne Shonoda
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Mapping Model ◽  
Fantasy Novels ◽  
Narrative Functions ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Metaphoric Expression

Scholars in children's literature have frequently commented on the humorous and ideological functions of intertextuality. There has however, been little discussion of the cognitive processes at work in intertextual interpretation and how they provide readers with more interpretive freedom in the meaning-making process. Drawing on research from the field of metaphor studies and the interdisciplinary area of cognitive poetics, this article suggests that the interpretation of foregrounded intertextuality is analogous to the interpretation of metaphoric expression. Current models of metaphor interpretation are discussed before I outline my own intertextuality-based variant. The cross-mapping model developed is then applied to literary intertexts in Inkheart and cultural intertexts in Starcross in order to show how the model might work with intertexts of varying degrees of specificity and that serve different narrative functions. The explanatory power of the cross-mapping model is not limited to cases where elements in the primary storyworld can be directly matched with those in the intertext, but extends to instances that involve a recasting of the intertext and thus retelling as in Princess Bride.

Subjective time, place, and language in Lisa Gorton’s The Life of Houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Isabelle Wentworth
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Sense Of Time

Abstract Fiction has often shown that our sense of time can be affected by the spaces and things around us. In particular, the houses in which characters live can make the passing of time dilate, accelerate, even to seem to skip or stop. These interactions between place and time may represent more than metaphor or literary artifice, but rather genuine cognitive processes of embodied subjective time. This is demonstrated in an analysis of Lisa Gorton’s The Life of Houses, supplementing traditional stylistic analysis with cognitive poetics to explore an influence of the central house, the Sea House, on the young protagonist’s experience of time. Exploring the text through the fictional mental functioning of a main character offers a new way to understand The Life of Houses, and, more broadly, the cognitive approach set out in this article—one which takes into account various active and interactive influences on subjective time—may have implications for the interpretation of other works which analyse the connections between time, place, and self.

A cognitive approach to cumulative technological culture is useful and necessary but only if it also applies to other species

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaud Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Technological Culture ◽  
Social Learning Processes

Abstract The debate on cumulative technological culture (CTC) is dominated by social-learning discussions, at the expense of other cognitive processes, leading to flawed circular arguments. I welcome the authors' approach to decouple CTC from social-learning processes without minimizing their impact. Yet, this model will only be informative to understand the evolution of CTC if tested in other cultural species.

The Meaning of Children's Poetry: A Cognitive Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Coats
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Holding Environment ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
Clear Sense ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Children's Poetry

Critical attention to children's poetry has been hampered by the lack of a clear sense of what a children's poem is and how children's poetry should be valued. Often, it is seen as a lesser genre in comparison to poetry written for adults. This essay explores the premises and contradictions that inform existing critical discourse on children's poetry and asserts that a more effective way of viewing children's poetry can be achieved through cognitive poetics rather than through comparisons with adult poetry. Arguing that children's poetry preserves the rhythms and pleasures of the body in language and facilitates emotional and physical attunement with others, the essay examines the crucial role children's poetry plays in creating a holding environment in language to help children manage their sensory environments, map and regulate their neurological functions, contain their existential anxieties, and participate in communal life.

An Examination of Audit Report Lag for Banks: A Panel Data Approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Charlene Henderson ◽  
Steven E. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Audit Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Analysis

This study investigates the determinants of audit report lag (ARL) for a sample of banks. Researchers have been interested in the determinants of ARL, in part, because it impacts the timeliness of public disclosures. However, prior ARL research has relied exclusively on regression analysis of cross-sectional samples of companies from many industries. In addition to focusing exclusively on banks, panel data analysis is introduced and compared with cross-sectional analysis to demonstrate its power in dynamic settings and its potential to improve estimation. Results reveal important differences between cross-sectional analysis and panel data analysis. First, bank size is negatively related to ARL in cross-section but positively related to ARL using panel data analysis. The cross-sectional size estimate is subject to omitted variables bias, and furthermore, cross-sectional analysis fails to capture variation in size over time in relation to ARL. Panel data analysis both accounts for omitted variables and captures the dynamics of the relationship between size and ARL. As well, the panel data model's explanatory power far exceeds that of the cross-sectional model. This is primarily due to the panel model's use of firm-specific intercepts that both capture the role of reporting tradition and eliminate heterogeneity bias. Thus, panel data analysis proves to be a powerful tool in the analysis of ARL.

scholarly journals Dissociating sensory and cognitive theories of harmony perception through computational modeling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Harrison ◽  
Marcus Thomas Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Memory Models ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Probabilistic Prediction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Term Memory

Two approaches exist for explaining harmonic expectation. The sensory approach claims that harmonic expectation is a low-level process driven by sensory responses to acoustic properties of musical sounds. Conversely, the cognitive approach describes harmonic expectation as a high-level cognitive process driven by the recognition of syntactic structure learned through experience. Many previous studies have sought to distinguish these two hypotheses, largely yielding support for the cognitive hypothesis. However, subsequent re-analysis has shown that most of these results can parsimoniously be explained by a computational model from the sensory tradition, namely Leman’s (2000) model of auditory short- term memory (Bigand, Delbé, Poulin-Charronnat, Leman, & Tillmann, 2014). In this research we re-examine the explanatory power of auditory short-term memory models, and compare them to a new model in the Information Dynamics Of Music (IDyOM) tradition, which simulates a cognitive theory of harmony perception based on statistical learning and probabilistic prediction. We test the ability of these models to predict the surprisingness of chords within chord sequences (N = 300), as reported by a sample group of university undergraduates (N = 50). In contrast to previous studies, which typically use artificial stimuli composed in a classical idiom, we use naturalistic chord sequences sampled from a large dataset of popular music. Our results show that the auditory short-term memory models have remarkably low explanatory power in this context. In contrast, the new statistical learning model predicts surprisingness ratings relatively effectively. We conclude that auditory short-term memory is insufficient to explain harmonic expectation, and that cognitive processes of statistical learning and probabilistic prediction provide a viable alternative.

Picturing Scripts: A Combined Narrative, Social Semiotic and Cognitive Approach to Visual Narrativity

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindie Maagaard
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Cognitive Perspectives

Abstract This article explores visual narrativity through the case of prospective, or future-tense, narratives realized through visual images. Addressing the challenges of representing narrative elements of temporality, events and experience in a single, static image, it proposes an analytical framework combining social semiotic, contextual and cognitive perspectives. In doing so, it argues that a combined approach enhances our ability to understand the interplay between on the one hand the image-internal visual cues of temporality and modality that activate the viewer’s imagination and narrative inferences, and on the other, the processes by which such inferences are made, including the influence of the viewer’s contextual knowledge and cognitive processes in guiding them. The article uses architectural renderings as material for analysis, because they are exemplary of how visual images invite viewers to imagine the kinds of activities and experiences that can unfold in a future setting and thus make inferences about temporality, event and experience beyond the image’s isolated moment.

scholarly journals The meaning-making mechanism(s) behind the eyes and between the ears

2019 ◽  
Vol 375 (1791) ◽  
pp. 20190301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hagoort
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Mechanistic Models ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Lexical Meaning

In this contribution, the following four questions are discussed: (i) where is meaning?; (ii) what is meaning?; (iii) what is the meaning of mechanism?; (iv) what are the mechanisms of meaning? I will argue that meanings are in the head. Meanings have multiple facets, but minimally one needs to make a distinction between single word meanings (lexical meaning) and the meanings of multi-word utterances. The latter ones cannot be retrieved from memory, but need to be constructed on the fly. A mechanistic account of the meaning-making mind requires an analysis at both a functional and a neural level, the reason being that these levels are causally interdependent. I will show that an analysis exclusively focusing on patterns of brain activation lacks explanatory power. Finally, I shall present an initial sketch of how the dynamic interaction between temporo-parietal areas and inferior frontal cortex might instantiate the interpretation of linguistic utterances in the context of a multimodal setting and ongoing discourse information. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards mechanistic models of meaning composition’

Growth in Adolescent Literature: Metaphors, Scripts, and Cognitive Narratology

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Seelinger Trites
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Adolescent Literature ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Cognitive Narratology ◽  
Interpretive Strategies ◽  
Character Growth

Cognitive narratology provides a way to explore discourse as the product of embodied beings as it simultaneously affects those embodied beings. Cognitive narratology specifically investigates how embodiment influences both the author's discursive creation of story and its subsequent meaning-making as a function of the reader's cognition. This essay explores three aspects of cognitive narratology pertinent to adolescent literature: metaphor, scripts, and blending – all of which are biologically and culturally situated cognitive processes. The essay first examines embodied theories of character growth within the field of adolescent literature before moving to a close reading of Jay Asher's Thirteen Reasons Why to illustrate the relationships between embodied metaphors, scripts, and blending. Thirteen Reasons Why demonstrates how the process of blending allows authors to fuse embodied metaphors and scripts into new narratives about adolescent growth. At stake are interpretive strategies that recognise adolescent embodiment within the culturally-defined discourses of adolescent literature.

Deixis in literature

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-150
Author(s):  
Reuven Tsur
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Poetics

This is a theoretical and methodological statement of what isn’t and what is Cognitive poetics. It is focused on Peter Stockwell’s discussion of deixis; but, I claim, much of what I have to say on Stockwell’s work would apply to some degree to the work of many other critics. I argue that Stockwell translates traditional critical terms into a “cognitive” language, but does not rely on cognitive processes to account for issues related to the texts discussed; and that he uses these terms to label or classify poetic expressions rather than point out their interaction in generating poetic effects. The present paper does not presume to tell what is the “correct” way to handle those terms, but attempts to give examples of how the same terms could be used with reference to cognitive processes, so as to account for poetic effects.

The Determinants of Corporate CDS Spreads: Do Equity Liquidity and Jump Matter?

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-595
Author(s):  
Yuen Jung Park ◽  
Jungmu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Stock Return ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stock Return Volatility ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Market Variables ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This paper investigates whether equity liquidity and stock return jump are important determinants for the Korean corporate CDS spreads. The previous studies mainly have examined the determinants of CDS spread time series levels, whereas this study focuses on the determinants of changes or differences of CDS spread time series as well as the effecting factors of cross-sectional variations. Using monthly averaged CDS quotes for 29 firms from Jan. 2005 to Nov. 2012, we first demonstrate that the explanatory power for CDS spread changes is improved to about 39% by adding both credit risk-related market variables and firm-level jump variables, contrary to the low explanatory power (approximately 21%) reported by the previous study. However, since the principle component analysis for residuals from the regression shows that a common risk factor exists, it is possible that additional important factor remains. In addition, we demonstrate that stock return volatility is a robust variable to explain the cross-sectional differences in CDS spreads. We also find that the equity liquidity is a robust and significant factor for the cross-sectional differences in CDS spreads after the global financial crisis period. The result implies that, after the recent crisis, investors more actively considered equity illiquidity costs when they hedged their CDS exposures by stocks.

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