Through the Lens of the Adam Narrative: A Re-consideration of Sūrat al-Baqara

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. Klar

The thesis of a single pillar or axis around which the longer Medinan suras are structured has been highly influential in the field of sura unity, and scholarship on the structure and coherence of Sūrat al-Baqara has tended to work towards charting the progress of a dominant theme throughout the textual blocks that make up the sura. In order to achieve this, scholars have divided the sura into discrete blocks; many have posited a chain of lexical and thematic links from one block to the next; some have concentrated solely on the hinges and borders between these suggested textual blocks. The present article argues that such methods, while often in themselves illuminating, are by their very nature reductive. As such they can result in the oversight of important elements of the sura. From a starting point of the Adam pericope provided in Q. 2:30–9, this study will focus on the recurrence of a number of its lexical items throughout Sūrat al-Baqara. By methodically tracing the passage of repeated, loosely Fall-related, vocabulary, it will attempt to widen the contextual lens through which the sura's textual blocks are viewed, and establish a broader perspective on its coherence. Via a discussion of the themes of ‘gardens’, ‘parable’, ‘prostration’, ‘covenant’, ‘wrongdoing’ and finally ‘blindness’, this article will posit ‘garments’, not as a structural pillar, but as a pivot around which many of the repeated lexical items of the sura rotate.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Luciano Gatti

O presente trabalho discute as relações entre literatura e fotografia em Austerlitz, de W. G. Sebald. Para fazer isso, como ponto de partida, observa-se a suposta oposição entre documento e ficção no emprego de material fotográfico feito por Sebald. Segundo a hipótese deste artigo, a função das fotografias deve ser compreendida a partir do mecanismo literário desenvolvido por Sebald para apresentar a investigação de seu protagonista a respeito de elementos de sua vida passada desconhecida. A pesquisa caracteriza tal procedimento como um “encadeamento de narradores” e, feito isso, debate sobre a função exercida pelas fotografias nas relações entre memória, narração e experiência.Palavras-chave: W. G. Sebald. Fotografia. Memória. Experiência.  AbstractThis article discusses the relationship between literature and photography in Austerlitz, by WG Sebald. In order to do that, as a starting point, we observe the supposed opposition between document and fiction in Sebald's use of photographic material. This study proposes that we may understand the role played by photographs in the book by means of the literary mechanism developed by Sebald to present the search of his protagonist for elements of his unknown past. The present article characterizes this procedure as a “chain of narrators” and, after that, discusses the role played by photographs in the relationships between memory, narration and experience.Keywords: W. G. Sebald. Photography. Memory. Experience. ORCIDhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3960-3610


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Topidi

Multiculturalism is continuously and relentlessly put to the test in the so- called West. The question as to whether religious or custom- based legal orders can or should be tolerated by liberal and democratic states is, however, by no means a new challenge. The present article uses as its starting point the case of religious legal pluralism in Greece, as exposed in recent European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case- law, in an attempt to explore the gaps and implications in the officially limited use of sharia in Western legal systems. More specifically, the discussion is linked to the findings of the ECtHR on the occasion of the recent Molla Sali v. Greece case to highlight and question how sharia has been evolving in the European legal landscape.


2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Xiu Gao

In the Western world, Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is controversial due to its stereotypical description of Jews as evil and greedy. In China, the work was not widely known until its translations came out. This article deals with two Chinese renderings of Shakespeare’s classic, by Laura White (1914–1915) and Shiqiu Liang (2001/1936) respectively, which reconstruct the image of Shylock and Jews on the basis of the translators’ perceptions of the original figure, combining their identities and social backgrounds. In imagology, based on the ideas of Pageaux (1989/1994), the image of the ‘other’ can be analysed on three levels: lexical items, larger textual units, and plot. On the face of it, the image of the ‘other’ in translation can originate in either the source or target culture. However, the present article, which focuses on the lexical level, shows that there is a third possibility – a lexicon that blends two or more cultures.


2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-94
Author(s):  
Radosław Dylewski

Abstract The onset of Professor Jacek Fisiak’s scholarly career is marked by his 1961 Ph.D. dissertation devoted to the lexical influence of English upon Polish. This study, conducted 55 years ago, offers a multilayered analysis and sets the standards of studies on lexical transfer from English to Polish for the years to come. The present article is a tribute to Fisiak’s first scholarly endeavor; it examines the fate of lexical items comprising Fisiak’s corpus in the second decade of the 21st century. More specifically, by conducting searches in the National Corpus of Polish as well as a Google search, the paper checks which borrowings to the Polish language listed and scrutinized by Fisiak gained popularity, which fell out of use, and which underwent semantic changes.


Author(s):  
Burak Erman ◽  
James E. Mark

The classical theories of rubber elasticity presented in chapter 2 are based on a hypothetical chain which may pass freely through its neighbors as well as through itself. In a real chain, however, the volume of a segment is excluded to other segments belonging either to the same chain or to others in the network. Consequently, the uncrossability of chain contours by those occupying the same volume becomes an important factor. This chapter and the following one describe theoretical models treating departures from phantom-like behavior arising from the effect of entanglements, which result from this uncrossability of network chains. The chains in the un-cross-linked bulk polymer are highly entangled. These entanglements are permanently fixed once the chains are joined during formation of the network. The degree of entanglement, or degree of interpenetration, in a network is proportional to the number of chains sharing the volume occupied by a given chain. This is quite important, since the observed differences between experimental results on real networks and predictions of the phantom network theory may frequently be attributed to the effects of entanglements. The decrease in network modulus with increasing tensile strain or swelling is the best-known effect arising from deformation-dependent contributions from entanglements. The constrained-junction model presented in this chapter and the slip-link model presented in chapter 4 are both based on the postulate that, upon stretching, the space available to a chain along the direction of stretch is increased, thus resulting in an increase in the freedom of the chain to fluctuate. Similarly, swelling with a suitable diluent separates the chains from one another, decreasing their correlations with neighboring chains. Experimental data presented in figure 3.1 show that the modulus of a network does indeed decrease with both swelling and elongation, finally becoming independent of deformation, as should be the case for the modulus of a phantom network. Rigorous derivation of the modulus of a network from the elastic free energy for this case will be given in chapter 5. The starting point of the constrained-junction model presented in this chapter is the elastic free energy.


Global Jurist ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Silvestri

Abstract Taking as its starting-point Guido Calabresi’s latest book – The Future of Law and Economics – the present article aims to explore the often neglected issue of value judgments and normativity in Law and Economics. I will show the importance of enquiring Calabresi’s methodological distinction between Law and Economics and Economic Analysis of Law and the related bilateralism thesis in order to understand the problematic relationship between methodological value judgments and ethical value judgments, the ‘distance’ between Calabresi and Posner and the problematic notion of reformism. Then I will try to introduce a different notion of normativity. I will also show the existence of an unresolved tension in Calabresi’s methodological discourse between a positive approach, which seems to be privileged in this book, and his insistence on the inevitability of value judgments in economic analysis. Finally, I clarify the reasons for the ‘ignorance’ of values by the economist by distinguishing between economists’ “lack of self-awareness”, economists’ idolatry and the economists’ lenses.


Author(s):  
John Dewar

Family law is largely an aggregation of instrumental legislation, designed to achieve specific social and political purposes. Unlike disciplines that take a legal concept as its starting-point — such as contract, trust, or restitution — family law tends to be more than usually susceptible to shifts in politics and social behaviour, and the complex interplay between the two. This means that a dominant theme of family law scholarship has been that of change and transformation. This article offers a brief history of these transformations in family law, and describes how change has been described and analysed. This historical narrative provides a framework for a discussion of the debates that have characterized the discipline in the latter part of the twentieth century.


Diachronica ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil G. Jacobs

SUMMARY Yiddish possesses a sizable Tiberian Hebrew (TH) substrate component. The modern Yiddish reflexes of original TH words often show evidence of having undergone a number of diachronic phonological developments which seem to parallel similar processes in the German component found in Yiddish. Thus, the Yiddish reflexes cognate to Middle High German and to TH show lengthening of historically short vowels in stressed open syllable, and shortening of historically long vowels in stressed closed syllable. However, the processes of closed-syllable shortening (CSS) and open-syllable lengthening (OSL) which affected the TH component are chronologically distinct from the similar processes which affected the German component. It is argued in this paper that CSS and OSL occurred before the inception of Yiddish, in a pre-Yiddish Jewish vernacular. Specifically, the present paper links CSS and OSL as parts of a general process of standardization of stressed-syllable quantity in pre-Yiddish. More generally, the case is made that lexical items in the TH component in Yiddish are not to be derived directly from TH, but rather, from a diachronically and structurally autonomous intermediate — after spoken Hebrew times, but before Yiddish times — pre-Yiddish linguistic stage. RÉSUMÉ On retrouve dans le yiddish un important substrat hébreu-tibérien (HT). Dans le yiddish moderne, les réflexes de mots HT originaux font souvent preuve d'une série de développements phonologiques diachroniques qui semblent parallels à ceux qui ont marqué la composante allemande du yiddish. Or les réflexes du yiddish qui représentent des termes apparentés au haut moyen allemand et au HT démontrent un allongement des voyelles historiquement courtes dans les syllabes ouvertes accentuées et un raccourcissement des voyelles longues dans les syllabes fermées accentuées. Cependant, le processus de raccourcissement dans les syllabes fermées (RSF) et d'allongement dans les syllabes ouvertes (ASO) qui a affecté la composante HT se distingue de façon chronologique du processus semblable qui a affecté la composante allemande. Le présent article affirme que le RSF et l'ASO se sont produits avant l'avènement du yiddish, c'est-à-dire dans le contexte d'une langue verna-culaire juive prédatant le yiddish proprement dit. Pour être spécifique, cet article relie le RSF et l'ASO à un processus général de standardisation de quantité pour les syllabes accentués en pré-yiddish. Plus généralement, l'article prétend que les items lexicaux de la composante HT du yiddish ne peuvent être dérivés directement du HT, mais seraient plutôt issus d'une étape linguistique intermédiaire qui aurait existé après l'hébreu mais avant le yiddish et qui jouissait d'une autonomie aussi bien diachronique que structurelle. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das Jiddische weist einen beachtlichen Anteil eines tiberianischen-hebräi-schen (TH) Substrats auf. Die im modernen Jiddischen enthaltenen Reflexe in den aus dem TH stammenden Wörtern zeigen eine Anzahl diachronischer pho-nologischer Entwicklungen, die entsprechenden Prozessen der im Jiddischen vorhandenen deutschen Komponente ähnlich sind. So hat das Jiddische fol-gende dem Mittelhochdeutschen beziehungsweise dem TH verwandte Reflexe: eine Verlängerung von historisch kurzem Vokal in betonter offener Silbe und eine Verkürzung von historisch langem Vokal in betonter geschlossener Silbe. Jedoch die Entwicklungen von geschlossen-silbiger Verkürzung und offen-silbiger Verlängerung, die die TH Komponenten beeinflußten, unterscheiden sich chronologisch von den Vorgängen, denen die deutsche Komponente aus-gesetzt war. In diesem Aufsatz wird die Auffassung vertreten, da6 beide Pro-zesse vor der Entstehung des Jiddischen in einer Prä-Jiddischen jüdischen Sprache aufgetreten seien. Sie werden hier als Teilvorgänge der Standardi-sierung der Silbenquantität in betonten Silben im Prä-Jiddischen behandelt. Noch allgemeiner wird hier argumentiert, da8 lexikalische Elemente in der TH Komponente im Jiddischen nicht direkt vom TH abgeleitet werden können, sondern von einer diachronisch und strukturell autonomen Zwischenform — nach der Zeit des gesprochenen Hebraisch, aber vor der Zeit des Jiddischen — in der Phase des Prä-Jiddischen.


2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-442
Author(s):  
Marcia Sá Cavalcante Schuback

Abstract The present article discusses the relation between painting and music in the work by Paul Klee, bringing it into conversation with the music by Anton Webern. It assumes, as a starting point, that the main question is not about relating painting and music but rather about the relation between moving towards painting and moving towards music, hence the relation between forming forces and not between formed forms. Since for Klee the musical structure of the pictorial is understood as “active linear polyphony,” the article develops this notion in conversation with Webern’s thoughts on the polyphonic structure of twelve-tone music. The general purpose of the article is to determine what kind of thoughts emerge from the in-between of painting and music.


2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany J. Spielman

In The Abuse of Casuistry Jonsen and Toulmin describe one view of moral reasoning as follows:Those who take a rhetorical view of moral reasoning… do not assume that moral reasoning relies for its force on single chains of unbreakable deductions which link present cases back to some common starting point. Rather (they believe), this strength comes from accumulating many parallel, complementary considerations, which have to do with the current circumstances of the human individuals and communities involved and lend strength to our conclusions, not like links to a chain but like strands to a rope or roots to a tree.Whether or not all moral reasoning resembles “strands to a rope,” bioethics testimony certainly does. Bioethics testimony is eclectic, a composite of many loosely woven strands. Rarely, if ever, is bioethics testimony “a chain of unbreakable deductions.” Rarely is it “pure” ethics, much less pure normative ethics.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document