Early Glasgow Sugar Plantations in the Caribbean

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Atlantic Trade ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sugar Plantations ◽  
Proper Context

From the 17th century, Glasgow grew from a local market centre to a merchant city. Much of the wealth of its leading merchants came from Atlantic trade. Before the city's celebrated connections with Virginia, great success was achieved from trade with the Caribbean. In the late 17th century, Glasgow had more than a hundred merchants, part of a ‘Great Company’ trading with the Americas, including the Caribbean islands. 1 This was a two-way process, and various Glasgow pioneers operated at the colonial end. This article explores the hitherto hidden background of two of the city's earliest and most successful Caribbean merchants. This is achieved by an investigation of the upstanding archaeology on their sugar plantations on the Leeward Island of St Kitts (St Christopher). It will suggest that to put Glasgow's development in proper context, we must consider this neglected part of its history and archaeology.

Tourism, Globalization, and Caribbean Dance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Cultural Globalization ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Music Making ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sacred Dance

This chapter examines Caribbean dance in the context of tourism and globalization. In particular, it looks at the interaction between tourism enterprises and dance genres, dance artists, and island governments as well as its implications for cultural and economic globalization. After providing an overview of human and natural resources available on the Caribbean islands and how they have been developed toward tourism, the chapter discusses the integration of Caribbean dance and music making into regional development as aids to differing types of tourist planning. It then considers the globalization of Caribbean dances such as merengue, mambo, salsa, and reggae and how Caribbean sacred dance, concert dance, and popular dance fare within cultural globalization or homogenizing trends, local market structures and tourism. It also analyzes the impact of globalization on Caribbean dancers and the local and global tensions brought on by globalization as they relate to Caribbean dance and tourism. The chapter concludes by offering suggestions for confronting pressures from cultural and economic globalization.

Caribbean ginger and Atlantic trade, 1570–1648

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Aram
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Spanish Caribbean ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Atlantic Trade ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Humoral Medicine ◽  
The Caribbean

AbstractGinger smuggled out of Asia flourished on the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The oriental root, whose migration and transplantation Spanish sovereigns sought to stimulate, enjoyed more of a market in England and the Low Countries than in Castile. A differentiated demand for ginger in northern and southern Europe, documented in archival and literary sources, reflected the principles of humoral medicine and influenced trade. Ginger’s poor adaptation to the Spanish fleet system, exacerbated by armed conflicts, including the revolt of the Low Countries (1568–1648) and the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604), fomented rather than inhibited a continuum of prohibited practices from privateering to contraband, with English and Dutch merchant-privateers in the ‘Spanish’ Caribbean interested in ginger, sugar, and hides, among other commodities.

St. Christopher as a Trade Hub for Dutch Merchants, 1624–1667

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Monique Klarenbeek
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
The West ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Atlantic Trade ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
National Boundaries

Since the early seventeenth century a large part of the West Indian trade was in the hands of private entrepreneurs from the Dutch Republic. They were connected through a transnational Atlantic network, not limiting themselves by national boundaries. In this network the Caribbean Islands played an important role as trade hubs; like the Island of St. Christopher, where in the first half of the seventeenth century a significant community of private entrepreneurs emerged, dominating the intra-Caribbean trade by the mid-seventeenth century. Although in the course of the seventeenth century the role as a free port was taken over by the Dutch island of St. Eustatius, St. Christopher played in the first half of the same century a significant part in the development of the transnational Atlantic trade network, that remained intact for centuries, despite, or sometimes even because of, the monopolistic strategies of the emerging nation-states.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Characterisation of the Pigments of a 17th-Century Mural Painting in the Spanish Caribbean

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6866
Author(s):  
Virginia Flores-Sasso ◽  
Gloria Pérez ◽  
Letzai Ruiz-Valero ◽  
Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez ◽  
Ana Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Mural Painting ◽  
White Pigment ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Spanish Caribbean ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The arrival of Spaniards in the Caribbean islands introduced to the region the practice of applying pigments onto buildings. The pigments that remain on these buildings may provide data on their historical evolution and essential information for tackling restoration tasks. In this study, a 17th-century mural painting located in the Cathedral of Santo Domingo on the Hispaniola island of the Caribbean is characterised via UV–VIS–NIR, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, XRD and SEM/EDX. The pigments are found in the older Chapel of Our Lady of Candelaria, currently Chapel of Our Lady of Mercy. The chapel was built in the 17th century by black slave brotherhood and extended by Spaniards. During a recent restoration process of the chapel, remains of mural painting appeared, which were covered by several layers of lime. Five colours were identified: ochre, green, red, blue and white. Moreover, it was determined that this mural painting was made before the end of the 18th century, because many of the materials used were no longer used after the industrialisation of painting. However, since both rutile and anatase appear as a white pigment, a restoration may have been carried out in the 20th century, and it has been painted white.

Geology and hydrogeology of the Caribbean islands aquifer system of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Renken ◽  
W. C. Ward ◽  
I.P. Gill ◽  
Fernando Gómez-Gómez ◽  
Jesús Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The U.S

Leishmania spp. and leishmaniasis on the Caribbean islands

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Sand Fly Vectors

Abstract The kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania spp. cause leishmaniasis, which clinically exhibit mainly as a cutaneous, mucocutanous or visceral form depending upon the parasite species in humans. The disease is widespread geographically, leading to 20 000 annual deaths. Here, leishmaniases in both humans and animals, reservoirs and sand fly vectors on the Caribbean islands are reviewed. Autochthonous human infections by Leishmania spp. were found in the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe and Martinique as well as Trinidad and Tobago; canine infections were found in St. Kitts and Grenada; and equine infections were found in Puerto Rico. Imported human cases have been reported in Cuba. The parasites included Leishmania amazonensis, Le. martiniquensis and Le. waltoni. Possible sand fly vectors included Lutzomyia christophei, Lu. atroclavatus, Lu. cayennensis and Lu. flaviscutellata as well as Phlebotomus guadeloupensis. Reservoirs included rats, rice rats and mouse opossum. An updated study is warranted for the control and elimination of leishmaniasis in the region because some of the data are four decades old.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Gut Microbiome of the Invasive Small Indian Mongoose (Urva auropunctata) in the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Anne A. M. J. Becker ◽  
KC Hill ◽  
Patrick Butaye
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Small Indian Mongoose

Small Indian mongooses (Urva auropunctata) are among the most pervasive predators to disrupt the native ecology on Caribbean islands and are strongly entrenched in their areas of introduction. Few studies, however, have considered the microbial ecology of such biological invasions. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota of invasive small Indian mongooses in terms of taxonomic diversity and functional potential. To this end, we collected fecal samples from 60 free-roaming mongooses trapped in different vegetation zones on the island Saint Kitts. The core gut microbiome, assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing on the Ion S5TM XL platform, reflects a carnivore-like signature with a dominant abundance of Firmicutes (54.96%), followed by Proteobacteria (13.98%) and Fusobacteria (12.39%), and a relatively minor contribution of Actinobacteria (10.4%) and Bacteroidetes (6.40%). Mongooses trapped at coastal sites exhibited a higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium spp. whereas those trapped in scrubland areas were enriched in Bacteroidetes, but there was no site-specific difference in predicted metabolic properties. Between males and females, beta-diversity was not significantly different and no sex-specific strategies for energy production were observed. However, the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, and more specifically, Enterobacteriaceae, was significantly higher in males. This first description of the microbial profile of small Indian mongooses provides new insights into their bioecology and can serve as a springboard to further elucidating this invasive predator’s impact throughout the Caribbean.

Relationship between African dust carried in the Atlantic trade winds and surges in pediatric asthma attendances in the Caribbean

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Prospero ◽  
Edmund Blades ◽  
Raana Naidu ◽  
George Mathison ◽  
Haresh Thani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Asthma ◽  
Trade Winds ◽  
African Dust ◽  
Atlantic Trade ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Chikungunya Fever in Japan Imported from the Caribbean Islands

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Imai ◽  
Eri Nakayama ◽  
Takuya Maeda ◽  
Kei Mikita ◽  
Yukiko Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Fever ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Maternal Infection and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Pregnant Travellers: Results of the International Zika Virus in Pregnancy Registry

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Manon Vouga ◽  
Léo Pomar ◽  
Antoni Soriano-Arandes ◽  
Carlota Rodó ◽  
Anna Goncé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Multicentre Cohort Study ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Multicentre Cohort

In this multicentre cohort study, we evaluated the risks of maternal ZIKV infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes among exposed travellers compared to women living in areas with ZIKV circulation (residents). The risk of maternal infection was lower among travellers compared to residents: 25.0% (n = 36/144) versus 42.9% (n = 309/721); aRR 0.6; 95% CI 0.5–0.8. Risk factors associated with maternal infection among travellers were travelling during the epidemic period (i.e., June 2015 to December 2016) (aOR 29.4; 95% CI 3.7–228.1), travelling to the Caribbean Islands (aOR 3.2; 95% CI 1.2–8.7) and stay duration >2 weeks (aOR 8.7; 95% CI 1.1–71.5). Adverse pregnancy outcomes were observed in 8.3% (n = 3/36) of infected travellers and 12.7% (n = 39/309) of infected residents. Overall, the risk of maternal infections is lower among travellers compared to residents and related to the presence of ongoing outbreaks and stay duration, with stays <2 weeks associated with minimal risk in the absence of ongoing outbreaks.

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