Renewal in the Malankara Orthodox Church, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-244
Author(s):  
Baby Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
English Education ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
The West ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Syrian Orthodox ◽  
The Family ◽  
In The Beginning

The Malanakra Orthodox Syrian Church, which belongs to the family of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, proudly claims to be founded by the Apostle St Thomas. Its history before the fifteenth century is very poorly documented. However, this ancient Christian community was in intermittent relationship with the East Syrian Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, which was discontinued with the arrival of the Portuguese, who forcefully converted it to Roman Catholicism. After a union of fifty-five years, the St Thomas Christians were able to contact the Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch, thanks to the arrival of the Dutch in Malabar and the expulsion of the Portuguese. The introduction of the West Syrian Liturgical rites was completed by the middle of the nineteenth century. The arrival of the Anglican Missionaries in Malabar in the beginning of the nineteenth century provided the Syrian Christians the opportunity for modern English education and thus to make significant contributions to the overall development of Kerala, one of the states of the Indian Republic.

Two Representatives of the Grotian School

1914 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Charles G. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Federal States ◽  
The Family ◽  
Standard Text ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Near Future

The growth of international law, both in precision and in scope, has been one of the marked features of the general development of law in the nineteenth century. It is true that even at the present day the reproach is often cast upon international law that its content is unsettled, its authority vague, and its method unscientific. But one has only to compare the standard text-books of the present day with the treatises that were quoted as authorities in the beginning of the nineteenth century to realize the great progress which has been made towards the establishment of international law upon a truly scientific basis. It cannot fairly be expected that international law should have as yet attained, or shall in the near future attain, the precision and definiteness of municipal law. The last decade of the century did indeed witness the first sitting of an international legislative body in the form of a conference at The Hague, which enacted what may be called international statutory law. But apart from the fact that this body was composed of the representatives of independent, not of federal, states, and therefore its rulings could not be final, the subject-matter with which it dealt was in many cases not such as would admit of definition and analysis after the methods of municipal law. The states composing the family of nations present differences of physical, mental and moral characteristics far more marked than those exhibited by the individuals within a given state, and it is but natural therefore that it should be correspondingly difficult to codify in a precise and scientific manner the rules governing their mutual relations. But while the difficulties attending the codification of international law cannot be denied, there is reason to believe that the growth of international law during the twentieth century will proceed towards its appointed goal as steadily as it has done during the nineteenth century.

Social Pretensions in Architecture and Ancestry: Hall House, Sawbridge, Warwickshire and the Andrewe Family

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
N. W. Alcock ◽  
C. T. Paul Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Country Houses ◽  
Social Importance

That architecture makes social statements is obvious in grand buildings from Norman castles to country houses. In smaller houses, such statements are often muted by our ignorance of their historical context and their date. This paper examines a small but sophisticated medieval house in which the combination of precise dating and informative documentation surmounts simple architectural analysis, to reveal something of its social importance to the family who built it. In the early nineteenth century, the status of Hall House, Sawbridge, was the lowest possible. It belonged to the Sawbridge Overseers of the Poor and was rented to families receiving parish support; later it became farm labourers' cottages. Most of the stages in the decline of the elegant medieval house to this lowly state can be documented, and links established to the only family in fifteenth-century Sawbridge with pretensions to sophistication. These clues lead to the identification of John Andrewe as the builder of Hall House in 1449, and to the recognition of it as a concrete expression of a family pride that was also being fostered by the invention of a distinguished ancestry.

The Russian Bible Society and the Russian Orthodox Church

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Cohen Zacek
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The West ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
National Policies ◽  
European Diplomacy

The historian Presniakov has characterized the first quarter of the nineteenth century, the reign of Alexander I, as “Russia at the crossroads” (Rossiia na rasput'i). No longer content with slavish imitation of Western Europe, Russia now began to develop a culture which would be admired and emulated by the West. Once beyond the fringe of European diplomacy, the Empire now moved to the center of that arena. Shaped by her national traditions, but involved increasingly in continent-wide trends, the Russia of Alexander I was confronted by a varied and complex set of problems, both domestic and foreign, which demanded resolution. The destruction of the Napoleonic threat, the assimilation of subject nationalities, the establishment of efficient techniques and procedures of government, the articulation and implementation of national policies in education and in economic life were among the countless tasks which faced Alexander I and his advisors. Educated Russians of the day heatedly debated the most effective means of solving the myriad dilemmas.

An Introduction to the Life of Conrad Martens

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Older Brothers ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City

The story of Conrad Martens begins in London in the early nineteenth century, when on 21 March 1801, a third son and fourth and youngest child was born to a merchant of German origins, J. Christopher Heinrich Martens, and his English wife, Rebecca née Turner. The family lived above their premises in the crowded old trading quarter of the city in a street called Crutched Friars, near the present day site of Fenchurch Street Station. ‘Having no taste for mercantile pursuits’, as Conrad Martens put it many years later, all three Martens boys became artists, despite the family's European traditions as merchants going back to the fifteenth century. Influenced by his older brothers, Conrad, at the age of sixteen, became a pupil of the well-known English landscape painter and teacher Anthony Van Dyke Copley Fielding.

‘Haeres…Thomae More Cancellarii’: Fr Thomas More 1722–1795

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Geoffry Holt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
The West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Lord Chancellor

Fr Thomas More—the last descendant in the direct male line of St.Thomas More, Lord Chancellor of England—died on 20 May 1795 in Bath. He had been the Jesuit provincial superior at the time of the suppression of the Society in 1773.Thomas More was the eldest of the five children of Thomas and Catherine (née Giffard) of Barnborough or Bamburg Hall in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Born on 19 September 1722, he was followed by Christopher, Bridget, Catherine and Mary. Both sons became Jesuits. Bridget married twice—Peter Metcalfe and Robert Dalton and had descendants; she died in 1797. Catherine died unmarried in 1786. Mary became Sister Mary Augustine of the Austin Canonesses at Bruges and died in 1807. Their home, Barnborough Hall, had been in the family since John, the only son of St. Thomas, had acquired it by his marriage to Anne Cresacre and it remained so until the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals DIREITOS SEXUAIS E REPRODUTIVOS E LAICIDADE DO ESTADO

Numen ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel Piovezana
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Sexual Rights ◽  
The West ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Pro Life ◽  
Life Movement

RESUMOA hegemonia jurídica do terreno da sexualidade e da reprodução sempre foi disputada pelas religiões e pelo poder político. No Ocidente, com a constituição dos Estados laicos (século XVIII e XIX), deu-se a separação entre Estado e Igreja, sendo esta consignada em suas Cartas Magnas. Mas a disputa em torno das normas que regem o exercício da sexualidade e da reprodução continuou ao longo dos séculos XIX, XX e início do XXI, constituindo-se ainda em tema de grande atualidade. Neste artigo abordamos a interferência da Igreja Católica no Congresso Nacional  na disputa de projetos de Lei sobre Reprodução e Sexualidade na década de 90. Nele caracterizaremos três atores ligados à Igreja Católica: o Grupo Parlamentar Católico, o Setor Família da CNBB e o Movimento Pró-Vida, destacando sua organização e suas estratégias nesta disputa cuja arena foi o Congresso Nacional.Palavras-chave: Laicidade. Estado. Direitos sexuais. Direitos reprodutivos.ABSTRACTThe legal hegemony of the sexuality’s terrain and reproduction has always been disputed by religions and for political power. In the West, with the secular States Constitution (eighteenth and nineteenth century), occurred the separation between State and Church, these being consigned to their Magna’s letters. But the dispute around the rules governing the exercise of sexuality and reproduction continued throughout the 19th, 20th and beginning of the 21th centuries, still in big theme today. In this article we discuss the Catholic Church’s interference in the National Congress in the dispute of law projects about reproduction andsexuality in the 90s (nineties). It will feature three actors linked to the Catholic Church: the Catholic Parliamentary Group, the Family of the Brazilian Bishops and the Pro-Life Movement,highlighting its organization and its strategies inthis dispute whose arena was the National Congress.Keywords: Secularism. State. Sexual Rights. Reproductive Rights. 

Roman Catholicism, Russian Orthodoxy, and Russophobia in France, 1830–1856

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-44
Author(s):  
Heather L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
The West ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy

This chapter discusses the development of anti-Orthodox and anti-Russian sentiment in France. It explains the anti-Orthodox and anti-Russian sentiment after 1830 within the context of the schools of thought that divided French Catholics in the nineteenth century and the geopolitical tensions between France and Russia. It analyzes Russia's place in the European schema that has been a question at the forefront of the minds of European rulers, statesmen, clergy, intellectuals, political radicals, and revolutionaries since Peter I. The chapter addresses how the questions on Russia's place produced a presupposition of some kind of dichotomous relationship between Russia and the West. It also mentions the Slavophile–Westerner debate among nineteenth-century Russian intellectuals, which perceives Russia's relation to the West dichotomy as a construction of Russian intellectuals.

Kru Country

1999 ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Frost
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
African Coast ◽  
European Trade ◽  
In The Beginning

‘Kru Country’ is the first chapter in the section titled ‘In the Beginning’ and describes the development of the Kru as European trade and traffic increased on the West African coast. The chapter defines the origins of the terms ‘Kru’ and ‘Kroo’ and assesses the emergence of the construct of the Kru as a result of various social and economic processes that occurred during a period of European colonial activity in West Africa. Frost also explores the changing nineteenth century European systems of trade, and the Kru’s influence on these systems, while providing a useful cultural context that includes a discussion on the significance of ‘bride-wealth’ on Kru migration.

scholarly journals The Donation Act of Hagi Constantin Pop’s Family for the Annunciation Church in Sibiu

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Constantin Oancea ◽  
Ioan Ovidiu Abrudan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Gift ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Shed Light

This article presents an important document relating to the history of an Orthodox church in Sibiu (Biserica din Groapă), whose construction was possible due to the support provided by the family of the wealthy Macedonian-Romanian merchant Hagi Constantin Pop, at the beginning of the nineteenth century. After a thorough description of the document, we will provide both the German transcription and the English translation of the text. The notes and comments that accompany the document are meant to shed light upon the historical context in which the church was raised and to emphasize the importance of the document, which is the oldest one preserved in the archives of the Annunciation Church. The document mentions the gift of charity by the widow of Hagi Constantin Pop, whereby the land on which the church, its surrounding cemetery, the parish house, and the Romanian school were built would become the property of the Orthodox Church. Thus, the document presents the circumstances under which the patrimony of the foundation patronized by the members of Hagi Constantin Pop’s family was constituted. That foundation continued to administer the patrimony of the Annunciation Church until the establishment of the Communist regime in Romania.

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