POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF GERMANY IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

Social Economic ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Economic Interests ◽

Political Interests ◽

Visegrad Group ◽

The Eu

It is necessary to specify that as a result of the (unification?) of Germany in 1990, its eastern frontier directly bordered with a number of former communist states. Since the beginning of the 90 years of cooperation with these states one of Germany’s main tasks became rendering aid to them in carrying out reforms. Germany, being one of leaders of the EU was interested in involvement of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the European market and in receiving benefits from this cooperation, besides; in the political sphere it was important to create a common and stable Europe. One can add that stability and safety in Europe was connected with EU expansion to the East. This article also analyzes how in recent years Germany has been influencing the countries of Central and Eastern Europe; demonstrating that Germany cooperated with countries of Eastern Europe not only within the European Union, but also in a bilateral format since for Germany, entry of the countries of the Central and Eastern European countries into the EU into EU was communicated with the realization of a complex of social, economic and political interests with the Visegrád group.

Central and Eastern Europe: The New Core or the Periphery of Europe?

European Integration ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474455893.003.0008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 162-181

Author(s):

Ireneusz Paweł Karolewski

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Rule Of Law ◽

Domestic Politics ◽

Eastern European ◽

Refugee Crisis ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

Policy Fields ◽

Visegrad Group ◽

The Eu

This chapter focuses on Central and Eastern European (CEE) member states of the EU, and how they positioned themselves in the new constellation of conflicts within the EU in the aftermath of the multiple crisis. It deals mainly with the Visegrad Group (V4) and explores its ‘repositioning’ in regard to two crisis-ridden policy fields of the EU: controversies about the rule of law and the refugee crisis. With regard to the former issue, the chapter discusses Poland as the most prominent case among the CEE countries. Against this background, it highlights two specific aspects of domestic politics: the memory games that the V4 countries play with their past and the Euroscepticism of government circles as well as a broader public.

Regional Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe and its Implications for the EU

European View ◽

10.1007/s12290-017-0460-8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 231-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Viktória Jančošekovà

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Regional Cooperation ◽

Eastern European ◽

National Interests ◽

Central Eastern Europe ◽

Migration Crisis ◽

Visegrád Countries ◽

The Eu

Regional cooperation is mutually beneficial collaboration between neighbouring countries. This holds regardless of whether it is a matter of cooperation between the Benelux countries, the Nordic–Baltic states, France and Germany, or the Visegrad countries. The last-mentioned countries' dismissive attitude to tackling the migration crisis has thrust them into the limelight. The most recent cooperative forums in the Central Eastern Europe region, such as the Slavkov Triangle and the Three Seas Initiative, evidence a new dynamic and a regrouping of forces on the basis of national interests and EU themes. Western and Eastern Europe have different approaches to the most pressing challenges, such as migration. These differences have caused deep divisions between their respective leaders. However, the disagreements on the migration issue and the future of the EU notwithstanding, regional cooperation among the Central and Eastern European countries remains valuable in areas that include the integration process, security and defence.

The Contest for Central and Eastern Europe

The Lands in Between ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190936143.003.0005 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 108-128

Author(s):

Mitchell A. Orenstein

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

European Countries ◽

Democratic Politics ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Political Leaders ◽

Energy Politics ◽

Eastern European Countries

While many thought that the eleven Central and Eastern European countries that exited communism and joined the European Union in the 2000s had made an irrevocable “civilizational choice,” Russia has sought to extend its influence into this unexpected new battleground. Though Russia has fewer tools of influence than in the lands in between, it has used energy politics, disinformation, support for extremist parties, business relations, and a variety of covert methods to cause Central and Eastern European governments and politicians to re-evaluate their allegiances. Central and Eastern European countries have experienced growing extremism, increasing polarization, and the rise of cynical power brokers who wish to accommodate Moscow, while also benefiting from EU ties and funds. Political leaders such as Viktor Orbán of Hungary have blazed this path, making gas and energy deals with Russia while undermining democratic politics at home and challenging the European Union from within.

EU Accession of Central and Eastern European Countries: Democracy and Integration as Conflicting Logics

East European Politics and Societies and Cultures ◽

10.1177/0888325404269719 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 567-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Kristi Raik

Keyword(s):

Democratic Politics ◽

Democracy Promotion ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Eu Accession ◽

Eu Integration ◽

The Empirical Analysis ◽

The Eu

Although the European Union (EU) has in many ways supported democratization in Central and Eastern Europe, it has also imposed new constraints on the functioning of democracy. The article explores the indirect impact of EU integration on the Eastern applicant countries by exposing the underlying logic of enlargement and analyzing the implications of that logic for democratic politics. The empirical analysis focuses on the preaccession process of one of the new member states, Estonia, but it also examines the overall EU policy toward Eastern candidates, pointing to the limits of enlargement as a form of democracy promotion. It highlights that the principles and norms that dominated enlargement—most notably inevitability, speed, efficiency, and expertise—constrained democratic politics in the applicant countries and limited their EU accession to a narrow sphere of elites and experts. The author links the findings with the democratic deficit in the EU and draws some conclusions concerning future prospects of democracy in and democracy promotion by the enlarged EU.

Disclosure of Evidence in Central and Eastern European Countries in Light of the Implementation of the Damages Directive

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies ◽

10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2017.10.15.10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 197-221

Author(s):

Inese Druviete ◽

Jūlija Jerņeva ◽

Aravamudhan Ulaganathan Ravindran

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

European Countries ◽

Primary Data ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Key Issues ◽

Evidence Disclosure ◽

The Eu

The article looks primarily at the material comprised in the volume edited by A. Piszcz, Implementation of the EU Damages Directive in Central and Eastern European Countries published in 2017 and based on that compares aspects of the disclosure of evidence issue in Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. The purpose of this article is to look into how the process for the disclosure of evidence has evolved in eleven countries of the European Union in light of Directive 2014/104/EU. The article looks at six key issues with regard to disclosure of evidence in light of Directive 2014/104/EU: general procedural issues; procedure for the submission of evidence; criteria for the disclosure of evidence; restrictions on the disclosure of evidence; disclosure of evidence by parties other than the defendant; and consequences of the failure to comply with a request to submit evidence. The article relies on primary data from eleven EU countries from Central and Eastern Europe.

Cultural Perspectives on Knowledge Management in Central and Eastern Europe: The SECI Model of Knowledge Conversion and 'Ba'

Journal of Information & Knowledge Management ◽

10.1142/s0219649210002607 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 09 (02) ◽

pp. 161-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew Jelavic ◽

Kristie Ogilvie

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Knowledge Management ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Knowledge Conversion ◽

Cultural Perspectives ◽

Seci Model ◽

Eastern European Countries

This research discusses the SECI Model of Knowledge Conversion as it relates to the 10 Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) that are now part of the European Union (EU). The socio-economic conversion from socialism to capitalism of these societies is unique in historical precedence, whereby utilising the contextual models in knowledge conversion are applicable for understanding the implications of such a phenomenon. The results indicate that there is a unique set of variables that need to be considered within this context and for future similar situations.

Bioeconomy’s sectors and strategies in Central and Eastern European countries. A literature review

Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence ◽

10.2478/picbe-2020-0009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 83-90

Author(s):

Mugur Victor Constantin Iureş

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Literature Review ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Current State ◽

Scientific Papers ◽

Eastern European Countries

AbstractThis paper aims to identify and review the most important and topical scientific papers that deal with the strategies that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe apply in the bioeconomic field. In the context of a special attention paid to this sector by the policymakers, seen through the adoption of The Bioeconomy Strategy, in 2012, by the European Union and updated in 2018, it is natural to ask what is the current state of knowledge in this field? This paper treats with the sectors enclosed in this field, from agriculture to biofuels and from paper production to biopharmaceuticals, based on the scientific literature underpinnings, given that this development sector is an emerging one and the ampleness of the scientific works being limited. The methodology of this paper comprises the literature review of the main results obtained this far, in order to accomplish the foundation for further research.

European Integration

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474455893.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Johann P. Arnason

Keyword(s):

European Integration ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Historical Processes ◽

History Of ◽

External Conditions ◽

Totalitarian Regimes ◽

The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

Income convergence in Europe: Catching up or falling behind?

Acta Oeconomica ◽

10.1556/aoecon.62.2012.2.3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 183-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Megan Czasonis ◽

Michael Quinn

Keyword(s):

European Countries ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Income Convergence ◽

Euro Zone ◽

Long Run ◽

Time Period ◽

Time Frames ◽

The Eu

One of the motivations for a country to join the European Union is the belief that this will boost short- and long-run incomes. Researchers have tested the hypothesis of income convergence in different settings using either regression or unit root analysis, with mixed results. In this paper, we use both methods on the same samples over a significant time period. This allows us to judge differences in results across varied time-frames and methodologies. The focus of these tests is on convergence to German and EMU average incomes by Eastern European countries and those within the Euro-zone from 1971–2007. The evidence for convergence is mixed. Among the Euro-zone countries, there is more evidence of convergence in the 1970s and 1980s than recently. There is significant evidence that Eastern Europe experienced convergence and that capital formation was one of the root causes. While the results do not support the hypothesis that joining the EU increases convergence, reforms undertaken in the 1990s by Eastern European countries in preparation for joining may have helped them to “catch up”, even if the act of joining the EU did not directly impact convergence.

Economic Development and Growth in Central and Eastern Europe

Comparative Economic Research ◽

10.18778/1508-2008.24.31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 69-84

Author(s):

Csilla Polster

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

European Union ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Migration Activity ◽

Member States

The study investigates the economic growth in Central and Eastern Europe in the last 25 years. The economy can be regarded as a substantial topic in any country, but it is even more interesting in developing countries. One of the basic ideas of the European Union is the convergence between member states, namely the reduction of development disparities, which can be achieved through faster economic growth in less‑developed countries. Growth theory is one of the main topics in economics. Its significant importance is because the desire for development is one of the main driving forces of mankind. The aim of the study is to reveal the crucial differences and common features between the growth paths of the eleven Central and Eastern European member states of the European Union. After presenting growth theories, the growth performance of the examined Central and Eastern European member states is pinpointed. During the research, GDP per capita, population, migration, activity rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, foreign direct investment and foreign trade openness are considered.