scholarly journals Criminalización y políticas migratorias: Cambios en el proceso de estratificación racial y estigmatización de la población de origen mexicano radicada en los Estados Unidos (1954-2001)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Enrique García Searcy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Racial Stratification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Periods

This article aims to analyze from a historical perspective the changes in the process of racial stratification and stigmatization of the population of Mexican origin based in the United States. From a bibliographic and documentary exploration of changes in U.S. migration policies with respect to its southern border during the second half of the 20th century, three distinct historical periods were identified (1954-1964, 1965-1985 and 1986-2001). The social changes presented in these historical periods allowed this population to consolidate as one of the country’s main ethnic minorities, but this failed to eliminate the racial stigmatization imposed on Mexican (and later Hispanic) migrants by the dominant white culture since the second half of the 19th century. This has been reflected consistently in the current policies that U.S. immigration authorities have implemented on the border with Mexico.

Another Killer Industry: A Review of Fake Silk by Paul Blanc

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-411
Author(s):  
Daniel Berman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Worker Exposure ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Essential Input ◽  
The 19Th Century

Rayon, a shiny artificial fabric with the flashy allure of silk, constitutes no danger to consumers. But worker exposure to carbon disulfide, an essential input in rayon manufacture, can drive workers insane and kill them as well. The dangers of carbon disulfide have been known since the middle of the 19th century. Professor Paul Blanc’s book traces the social amnesia about the dangers of making rayon and how its production has shifted from wealthy countries in Europe, the United States, and Japan to poorer countries like South Korea and the People’s Republic of China. The history of the rayon industry constitutes a metaphor for the lives of millions of people who toil unnoticed at dangerous jobs to support their families and help make life possible and even pleasurable for the luckier ooernes.

scholarly journals Social, psychological, and demographic characteristics of dehumanization toward immigrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (17) ◽  
pp. 9260-9269 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Markowitz ◽  
Paul Slovic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Explained Variance

This study extends the current body of work on dehumanization by evaluating the social, psychological, and demographic correlates of blatant disregard for immigrants. Participants (n = 468) were randomly assigned to read a scenario where 1) an immigrant or 2) an immigrant and their child were caught illegally crossing the southern border of the United States, and then rated how long they should spend in jail if convicted. Participants reported that they would sentence the immigrant to more jail time than the immigrant and child. Those who sent immigrants to jail for more time also viewed them as socially distant and less human, described immigration in impersonal terms, and endorsed other social harms unrelated to immigration (e.g., the death penalty for convicted murderers). Crucially, endorsed social harms accounted for explained variance beyond simply holding conservative views. We position these data within the current literature on dehumanization theory and immigration issues.

American Exceptionalism and the Naturalization of “America”

Prospects ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Maria Irene Ramalho de Sousa Santos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Peculiar Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Poets ◽  
Social Recovery ◽  
The 19Th Century

American exceptionalism, Joyce Appleby has recently reminded us, is “America's peculiar form of Eurocentrism.” Now that the multicultural history of the United States is finally being written, nothing would justify another look at American exceptionalism, except perhaps the need to examine the intellectual ways that have hidden American historical and social diversity for so long. In this essay I basically argue that a certain appropriation of the 18th-Century conception of nature as “what is” played a role also in the development of American exceptionalism. The naturalist rhetoric in American discourse in the 19th Century, I further argue, ran parallel to the most savage depredations of nature ever performed by humankind. I am particularly interested in foregrounding the discrepancy between the steady construction of that greatest of modern artifacts, the American nation, and its concomitant self-justification as a thing of nature. The other side of the commodification of America is its naturalization, an idea that I find is supported, whether critically or uncritically, by many American poets and artists. In recent times we have witnessed a number of ecological attempts at the social recovery of nature in the most advanced capitalist countries, including, of course, the United States. I am not concerned here with these developments, of which ecofeminism is arguably one of the most interesting ones.

Aboriginal Reconciliation: An Historical Perspective

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The United States ◽  
English Reader ◽  
Normal Part ◽  
Indian Tribes ◽  
The 19Th Century

Today if someone mentions the word ‘treaty’ in the Aboriginal context, the usual next question is ‘Why a treaty?’ The educated English reader of the 19th Century press would have been more likely to ask the opposite question ‘Why not a treaty?’ Treaties with the indigenous people were a normal part of the colonising process. Treaties were concluded by the British in New Zealand, and with many Indian tribes in Canada and the United States.

Feminism and Suffragism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Jovanovich-Kelley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Social Theorist ◽  
The Social ◽  
Oxford Dictionary ◽  
Charles Fourier ◽  
Temperance Movements ◽  
The 19Th Century

Originating from the French word féminisme, feminism’s first appearance in 1837 is attributed to the social theorist Charles Fourier (1772–1837). Denoting a principle that argues for the rights of women and the equality of the sexes, it grew increasingly popular as a term in the second half of the 19th century, and first appeared in the Oxford Dictionary of English in 1895. As a reform movement with a network of activists comprising both sexes across the Americas and Europe, the championing of political, financial, and social equality for women had its roots in abolitionist and temperance movements of the early 19th century. Roughly divided into three waves, the first began in the mid-1800s and peaked in the United States and Europe between 1890 and 1920. The second took place from the late 1960s to the 1980s, and was followed by a third in the mid-1990s.

Social, Psychological, and Demographic Characteristics of Dehumanization: The Case of Immigration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Matthew Markowitz ◽  
Paul Slovic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Explained Variance

This study extends the current body of work on dehumanization by evaluating the social, psychological, and demographic correlates of blatant disregard for immigrants. Participants (N = 468) were randomly assigned to read a scenario where (1) an immigrant or (2) an immigrant and their child were caught illegally crossing the southern border of the United States, and then rated how long they should spend in jail if convicted. Participants reported that they would sentence the immigrant to more jail time than the immigrant and child. Those who sent immigrants to jail for more time also viewed them as socially distant, less human, described immigration in impersonal terms, and endorsed other social harms unrelated to immigration (e.g., the death penalty for convicted murderers). Crucially, endorsed social harms accounted for explained variance beyond simply holding conservative views. We position these data within the current literature on dehumanization theory and immigration issues.

A Pre-History of Educational Philosophy in the United States: 1861 to 1914

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kaminsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Herbert Spencer ◽  
The Social ◽  
American Literary History ◽  
History Of

In this article, James Kaminsky describes what he calls the "pre-history" of educational philosophy— that period before the discipline was established, when Americans were reacting to the economic and social changes associated with industrialization and urbanization. According to Kaminsky, the early stages of this discipline involved the social reform movement of the 1890s, populism and progressivism, the history of social science, American literary history, muckraking, Hull House, the English intellectual Herbert Spencer, and, of course,the intellectual work of John Dewey. What was radical and new in the pre-history of educational philosophy was not its methodologies or intellectual concepts, but rather its alliance with the complex forces of social reform that were emerging as the United States entered the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Understanding “Koreanness”: Racial Stratification and Colorism in Korea and Implications for Korean Multicultural Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Hyein Amber Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Racial Stratification ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
The Social

This paper explores the social construct of Koreanness and its implications. The first section reviews literature on Whiteness, and states that Koreanness shows many similarities to Whiteness in the United States. Next, drawing upon the framework of Bonilla-Silva, this paper argues that a tri-racial system is emerging in Korea, with Koreanness at its center. Then, the study examines how racism and colorism permeate Korean society and culture, with special attention to education. The paper concludes that Koreanness should be addressed in multicultural education in Korea: in teachers’ reflection of their identities, teacher education, instruction, and anti-racism curriculum.

Domesticating Foreign Struggles: American Narratives of Italian Revolutions and the Debate on Slavery in the Antebellum Era

Prospects ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 77-101
Author(s):  
Paola Gemme
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antebellum America ◽  
Antebellum Era ◽  
The Social ◽  
Foreign Correspondent ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The 19Th Century

Reporting on the Roman revolution of 1848 as the foreign correspondent of theNew-York Daily Tribune, Margaret Fuller observed that Americans used the same arguments against the political emancipation of Italy that they employed against the social emancipation of blacks in the United States. “Americans in Italy,” she wrote, “talk about the corrupt and degenerate state of Italy as they do about that of our slaves at home.” “They come ready trained,” she explained, “to that mode of reasoning which affirms that, because men are degraded by bad institutions, they are not fit for better.” This essay builds upon Fuller's comment. It examines American accounts of the Italians' mid-19th-century struggle to free their country from its colonial bond to the Austrian empire and substitute local absolutist monarchies with more enlightened forms of government, and demonstrates that the discourse on revolutionary Italy became the site of a reenactment on foreign grounds of the domestic controversy over slavery. The discussion on whether Italians could become republican subjects was liable to become a mediated debate over emancipation and the future of the African bondsmen in the American republic because of the alleged similarities, both historical and “racial,” between the populations of Italy and blacks in antebellum America. Like the slaves in the United States, Italians had been subjected to brutal despotism for centuries, which, within the 19th-century environmental conception of political virtue, was believed to have negatively affected their aptitude for freedom. Like the black slaves, moreover, Italians were placed by racist ideology outside the pale of the dominant Anglo-Saxon racial category, a political as well as a “biological” class marked by the exclusive capacity for self-government.

The Rise of Chinese Food in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Chen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Level ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Chinese Food

The “Chinese 49’ers” who arrived in the United States a decade before the American Civil War constituted the first large wave of Asian migrants to America and transplanted the first Asian cuisine to America. Chinese food was the first ethnic cuisine to be highly commodified at the national level as a type of food primarily to be prepared and consumed away from home. At the end of the 19th century, food from China began to attract a fast-growing non-Chinese clientele of diverse ethnic backgrounds in major cities across the nation, and by 1980 Chinese food had become the most popular ethnic cuisine in the United States, aided by a renewal of Chinese immigration to America. Chinese food also has been a vital economic lifeline for Chinese Americans as one of the two main sources of employment (laundries being the other) for Chinese immigrants and families for decades. Its development, therefore, is an important chapter in American history and a central part of the Chinese American experience. The multiple and often divergent trends in the U.S. Chinese-food industry show that it is at a crossroads today. Its future hinges on the extent to which Chinese Americans can significantly alter their position in the social and political arena and on China’s ability to transform the economic equation in its relationship with the United States.

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