scholarly journals Effects of Glomus fasciculatum and Trichoderma asperelloides in Roots of Groundnut (Cv. Western-51) Against Pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khirood Doley ◽  
Mayura Dudhane ◽  
Mahesh Borde ◽  
Paramjit K. Jite
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) is the causal agent of stem-rot of groundnut plants which is an important damaging soil-borne root pathogen worldwide. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus fasciculatum) and Trichoderma asperelloides have shown potential bio-control agent properties against several soil-borne plant pathogens. Interactions between G. fasciculatum, T. asperelloides and soil-borne pathogen S. rolfsii were investigated in this present pot culture experiment. The inoculation of G. fasciculatum and T. asperelloides reduced the severity of disease but their combinations were most effective in reducing harmful effects of S. rolfsii. The arbuscule percentage of AM fungi was affected by presence of T. asperelloides but chlorophyll content got increased by AM fungi or T. asperelloides treatments during S. rolfsii attack. The defense related physiological, biochemical and anti-oxidant activities observed in roots of groundnut plant significantly increased by single inoculation of AM fungi or Trichoderma. But, the combined inoculations of AM fungi and Trichoderma species showed the highest defense related activities. Moreover, single application of either AM fungi or Trichoderma species showed potential for the biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogen but their combined application attributed most substantial inhibition in development of pathogen

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii in Groundnut by Using Microbial Inoculants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khirood DOLEY ◽  
Mayura DUDHANE ◽  
Mahesh BORDE
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Microbial Strains

Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) is the causal agent of stem-rot in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)crop. With the increase in demand for the groundnut, control of stem-rot efficiently by microbial strains is fast becoming inevitable as the conventional system of chemicals is degrading our ecosystem. This investigation here emphasizes on inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma species for growth achievement and disease control. The present investigation showed that these microbial strains were found to be worth applying as they stimulated growth and decreased harmful effects of S. rolfsii (cv. ‘Western-51’). The increased biochemical parameters and antioxidant activities also indicated their defence related activities in groundnut plants. In spite of positive attributes meted out by these microbial strains towards groundnut crop, the interaction among AM fungi and Trichoderma species seemed to be less co-operative between each other which were noted when mycorrhizal dependency and percent root colonization were observed. However, in summary more practical application of low-input AM fungi along with Trichoderma species may be needed for the advancement of modern agricultural systems.

Interaction between Glomus fasciculatum and Sclerotium rolfsii in peanut

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2349-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Krishna ◽  
D. J. Bagyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Simultaneous Addition ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
P Content ◽  
Pot Culture

The interaction between the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum and the root pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii was studied in a pot culture experiment. The mycorrhizal fungus reduced the number of sclerotia produced by the pathogen and the pathogen reduced the percentage root infection and chlamydospore production by the mycorrhizal fungus. Root and shoot dry weights of the host and their P content was highest in plants inoculated with mycorrhiza only and lowest in plants inoculated with the pathogen only. Simultaneous addition of mycorrhizal inoculum and the pathogen reduced the severity of disease.

scholarly journals Biological Management of Basal Rot of Onion by Trichoderma harzianum and Withania somnifera

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. AKHTAR ◽  
A. JAVAID
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

ABSTRACT: Onion is attacked by destructive soil-borne fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, resulting in basal rot disease. In the present study, three Trichoderma species (T. pseudokoningii, T. harzianum and T. reesei) and leaves of solanaceous weed Withania somnifera were used for management of this disease. The in vitro interaction study revealed T. harzianum as the most effective biocontrol agent against the pathogen. In a pot trial, dried leaf material of W. somnifera (1%, 2% and 3% w/w) and inoculum of T. harzianum were mixed in the pot soil previously inoculated with the pathogen. The highest incidence of the disease (87%) was found in positive control (pathogen inoculation without any amendment). Different rates of dry leaf material reduced the incidence of the disease to 41-66%. T. harzianum in combination with leaf material reduced the incidence of the disease to 20-53%. In a laboratory bioassay, the dry leaf extract of W. somnifera was prepared in methanol and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The highest concentration (200 mg mL-1) of all except for the n-butanol fraction significantly decreased fungal biomass over control. This study concludes that basal rot of onion can be controlled by combined application of W. somnifera dry leaf material and biological control agent T. harzianum.

scholarly journals Trichoderma species as Biocontrol Agent against Soil Borne Fungal Pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijana Bastakoti ◽  
Shiva Belbase ◽  
Shrinkhala Manandhar ◽  
Charu Arjyal
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Biocontrol Efficacy

Soil borne pathogenic fungi are of major concern in agriculture which significantly decreases the plant yield. Chemically controlled plant imposes environmental threats potentially dangerous to humans as well as other animals. Thus, application of biological methods in plant disease control is more effective alternative technique. This study was carried out to isolate Trichoderma species from soil sample and to assess its in vitro biocontrol efficacy against fungal pathogens viz. Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotionia sclerotiorum, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. Biocontrol efficacy testing of isolates against different fungal pathogens was performed by dual culture technique.In this study, 5 different Trichoderma species were isolated from 26 various soil samples and were tested against four fungal soil-borne pathogens. Inhibition percentage of radial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii by three of the Trichoderma isolates was found to be 100%; about 62% and 68% of maximum inhibition was observed against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani respectively whereas Sclerotionia sclerotiorum was inhibited maximum up to 23%. This in vitro study revealed that although Trichoderma species plays an important role in controlling all type of soil borne fungal plant pathogens, however, isolates as biocontrol agent against Sclerotium rolfsii was found to be more efficient in comparison to other pathogens.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2017 Vol. 5, No. 1: 39-49

scholarly journals Influence of AM fungi and its associated bacteria on growth promotion and nutrient acquisition in grafted sapota seedling production

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 621-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Panneerselvam ◽  
B. Saritha
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Combined Application

A study was undertaken to know the effect of co-inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and its associated bacteria on enhancing AM root colonization, growth promotion and nutrient acquisition in grafted sapota plants. The best mycorrhiza associated bacteria i.e. Pseudomonas putida (HM590707) isolated from Funneliformis mosseae spore was evaluated along with AM fungi for growth promotion and AM fungal colonization in grafted sapota plants. The combined application of P. putida along with AM fungi significantly increased plant height (39.67 %), stem girth (3.2 cm), total biomass (66.8 g plant-1), AM root colonization (73.4 %)and plant nutrient concentrations viz., N (2.52 %), P (0.18 %), K (2.90 %), Fe (428.4 ppm) and Zn (21.40 ppm) as compared to uninoculated control. This finding clearly demonstrated that grafted sapota plants can be successfully established by combined inoculation of AM fungi and its associated bacteria which have a greater impact on healthy grafted plants.

scholarly journals Suppression of fungal and nematode plant pathogens through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros D. Veresoglou ◽  
Matthias C. Rillig
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Pathogen Suppression ◽  
Mycorrhizal Ecology

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi represent ubiquitous mutualists of terrestrial plants. Through the symbiosis, plant hosts, among other benefits, receive protection from pathogens. A meta-analysis was conducted on 106 articles to determine whether, following pathogen infection of AM-colonized plants, the identity of the organisms involved (pathogens, AM fungi and host plants) had implications for the extent of the AM-induced pathogen suppression. Data on fungal and nematode pathogens were analysed separately. Although we found no differences in AM effectiveness with respect to the identity of the plant pathogen, the identity of the AM isolate had a dramatic effect on the level of pathogen protection. AM efficiency differences with respect to nematode pathogens were mainly limited to the number of AM isolates present; by contrast, modification of the ability to suppress fungal pathogens could occur even through changing the identity of the Glomeraceae isolate applied. N-fixing plants received more protection from fungal pathogens than non-N-fixing dicotyledons; this was attributed to the more intense AM colonization in N-fixing plants. Results have implications for understanding mycorrhizal ecology and agronomic applications.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Efficacy of Trichoderma viride Against Sclerotium rolfsii and Macrophomina phaseolina

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khirood DOLEY ◽  
Paramjit Kaur JITE
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Trichoderma Species

The fungal pathogen causes serious widespread losses to agricultural crops worldwide. Therefore, economy of countries may worsen especially of developing countries. In addition, harmful chemical pesticides which are being used today for increasing crop production creates very serious health hazardous problems to human beings and ecosystem as a whole. The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma species which has been long known to control various soil-borne fungal pathogens in biological way may be utilized. The faster growth rates with which it competes with fungal pathogen mainly brings upon their antagonistic characteristics. An investigation was carried out in laboratory condition towards biological efficacy of T. viride on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for the bio-control of soil-borne plant pathogens Sclerotium rolfsii and Macrophomina phaseolina in in-vitro condition. The dual culture technique was followed in which T. viride showed significant antifungal activities towards both the pathogens. T. viride significantly inhibited the mycelial radial growth of S. rolfsii by 75% and M. phaseolina by 71.42%. The results showed variable mycelial growth rate for all fungal isolates which was determined after 6 days of incubation in which T. viride showed minimum of 4.00 days to completely cover the petri-plates and S. rolfsii showed 4.33 days whereas M. phaseolina showed 6.33 days. Thus, T. viride showed encouraging results regarding their biopesticidal and biofungicidal potential against plant pathogens which may be endorsed to substitute harmful chemical supplements that exists in modern day agricultural practices.

scholarly journals The Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as Biocontrol Agent Against Stem Rot Diseases Caused Sclerotium rolfsii of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Eri Sulyanti
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Planting Time

This study was conducted to assess the biocontrol efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AM Fungi) against stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in peanut. The AM Fungi can be associated with almost all types of plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) as a potential biofungisida against Sclerotium rolfsii and can characterize the mechanism of the FMA in controlling S.rolfsii (salicylic acid) on peanut plants. The AM Fungi inoculant (40 spores g-1 in concentration) was introduced to peanut seedling (25 g plant-1 ) at planting time where as Sclerotium rolfsii  inoculated 30 days after planting time. The experiment was arranged in the completely randomized design (CRD), which is 7 treatment sand  repeated 10 times in the greenhouse  experiment. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using STAT program 8 and  the Tukey test at 5% significance level. The AM Fungi treatments showed significantly redused the percentage of disease severity in infected peanut plants around 34.28% - 57.15%  and longer incubation period, respectively. They increased root colonization  (20,00 - 46.67%) with a middle to high category. The AM Fungi C isolate (isolated from Solok county), and  the A isolate (isolated from Payakumbuh city)  were the best as a biocontrol against S rolfsii (57.15%), followed by isolate D (isolated from Padang Pariaman county) 54,30 %. They also increased Salicylic acid content 1,4 times (70.72 ppm) compared to control (49,59 ppm). It can be concluded that the application of AM Fungi as a biocontrol agent played an important role in plant resistance and exhibit greater potential to protect peanut plants against S. rolfsii.  

scholarly journals Glomus fasciculatum, a dominant arbuscular mycorrhizal species in the rhizosphere soils of Setaria italica in Mahabubnagar district of Telangana state, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Kante ◽  
Laxmi Kanth Mhadgula
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
Fungal Association

The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal association in the rhizosphere soils of Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. from 8 Mandals of Mahabubnagar district, Telangana state, India, were studied. A significant number of AM fungi were identified in the present study, i.e., 53. Among the 53 AM fungi, Glomus was represented by 23 species, Acaulospora with 11, Sclerocystis with 6, Scutellospora with 5, Gigaspora with 4, and Funneliformis with 2, Ambispora and Archaeospora with 1 species. Glomus fasciculatum was the dominant species among the Glomus genera isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples of 34 villages in Mahabub Nagar district of Telangana State. The AM fungi spore density ranged from 74 to 270 per 100 gm soil (average 145), while the root colonization ranged from 50.67% to 93.33% (average 75.71%). This study provides valuable information on AM fungal association in Setaria italica.

scholarly journals SINGLE SPORE ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF TRICHODERMA SPECIES FROM AGRICULTURAL FIELDS OF ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Baharullah Khattak ◽  
Hong K. Wang ◽  
Fucheng Lin ◽  
Saif Ullah ◽  
Qaiser Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

It is well known that Trichoderma spp. can be used as a biological control agent against variety of plant pathogens. In this study, Trichoderma species were isolated from rhizosphere samples of various sites in Zhejiang province, China. A total of 41 soil samples were processed for the isolation of single cell culture of Trichoderma sp. Out of which, 32 species of the genus Trichoderma, were isolated and characterized by using single spore isolation method. The isolates were subjected to sequencing, for precise identification up to species level. Trichoderma harzianum was isolated from maximum (09) number of soil samples, followed by T. velutinum, isolated from 3 soil samples. The other isolated species of the genus Trichoderma were; lixii, atroviride, koningii, longibrachatum, rossicum, gamsii, koningiopsis, tomentosum, afroharzianum, viride, citroviride, aureoviride, simmonsii and hamatum. It was concluded that Trichoderma sp. were abundantly found in the agricultural soils of Zhejiang province, China.

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