scholarly journals Soil erosion as a factor of desertification of agrolandscapes in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tarariko ◽  
T. Ilienko ◽  
T. Kuchma ◽  
O. Bilokin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Regional Governments

The description of the typical structure of agricultural landscapes of Ukraine and the most common degradation processes are given. Water and wind erosion are considered as one of the largest contributors to soil degradation in Ukraine, accompanied by declining soil fertility, moisture loss to surface runoff, air and surface water pollution, and degradation of small rivers. The sown areas of main crops for 1990–2020 are analysed per administrative oblast according to the State Statistical Service of Ukraine. A global long-term satellite remote sensing land surface temperature dataset (NOAA AVHRR) was used to analyse the dynamics of the average sum of effective temperatures for the vegetation season in 1982–2019. Sentinel-5P satellite data was used to analyse the spread and exposure of a large-scale dust storm in Polissya region in April 2020. As a result of climate change and economic factors, the area under corn and sunflower has been significantly increased. Due to the increased frequency of stormy rains and strong wind under climate change, the conditions for intensification of water and wind erosion in agricultural landscapes has been created. The local manifestation of wind erosion is typical for Polissya, mainly on overdried peat bogs and cohesive-sandy soils. But in the spring of 2020 a large-scale dust storm was observed for the first time on the territory of Ukrainian and Belarusian Polissya on the area of about 3.5 million hectares.The growing risk of soil erosion due to the climate change and current agricultural practices requires the improvement not only of the state land management system, but also the agri-environmental monitoring system, scientific methodical and information-advisory support of regional governments, landowners and land users. In order to implement state policy and coordinate the work on the rational use and protection of soils, combating their desertification and degradation, as well as adaptation of land use systems to climate change, it is proposed to establish the governing body «Monitoring, land management and soil protection» on the basis of existing specialized units of central and regional governments in the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine.

scholarly journals On-Site Water and Wind Erosion Experiments Reveal Relative Impact on Total Soil Erosion

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Marzen ◽  
Thomas Iserloh ◽  
Wolfgang Fister ◽  
Manuel Seeger ◽  
Jesus Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Potential Impact

The relative impact of water and wind on total erosion was investigated by means of an experimental-empirical study. Wind erosion and water erosion were measured at five different sites: (1) Mediterranean fallow, (2) Mediterranean orchard, (3) wheat field, (4) vineyard and (5) sand substrate. Mean erosion rates ranged from 1.55 to 618 g·m−2·h−1 for wind and from 0.09 to 133.90 g·m−2·h−1 for rain eroded material over all tested sites. Percentages (%) of eroded sediment for wind and rain, respectively, were found to be 2:98 on Mediterranean fallow, 11:89 on Mediterranean orchard, 3:97 on wheat field, 98:2 on vineyard and 99:1 on sand substrate. For the special case of soil surface crust destroyed by goat trampling, the measured values emphasize a strong potential impact of herding on total soil erosion. All sites produced erosion by wind and rain, and relations show that both erosive forces may have an impact on total soil erosion depending on site characteristics. The results indicate a strong need to focus on both wind and water erosion particularly concerning soils and substrates in vulnerable environments. Measured rates show a general potential erosion depending on recent developments of land use and climate change and may raise awareness of scientist, farmers and decision makers about potential impact of both erosive forces. Knowledge about exact relationship is key for an adapted land use management, which has great potential to mitigate degradation processes related to climate change.

scholarly journals SPATIAL-FUNCTIONAL METHOD LAND ORDER FORMATION OF AGRICULTURE LANDSCAPE RESISTANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Artamonov ◽  
Maryna Vasylenko
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The State ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Landscape Resistance ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Systematic Analysis

Peculiarities of natural conditions of the territory of Ukraine have historically determined mainly the agricultural use of its lands, the indirect consequence of which was the formation of agro-landscapes as a specific form of spatial realization of anthropogenic activity. The study of agrolandscapes, a comprehensive assessment of their condition and development trends, development and implementation of adequate land management solutions are a key task to avoid degradation, especially arable land. In the context of the above, the shortcomings of modern proposals and indicators for assessing the state of agricultural landscapes and their land management are considered and identified. Concerns about the recommendations of domestic scientists and practitioners to transform about 12 million hectares of arable land into other lands are justified. The motivation for this decision was the idea of excessive plowing of the territory of Ukraine, although world experience provides positive evidence of successful agriculture, even under such conditions. Allegations of insufficient study of the problem of land management formation of sustainable agrolandscapes are given. It is proposed to use the term "sustainable" for the agro-landscape, the state of which corresponds to the ecological and social-industrial conditions of land use. Systematic analysis of the structural components (lands) of the agro-landscape revealed the significant role of their interaction in creating and maintaining a microclimate favorable for crop production in adverse natural conditions. The legitimacy and expediency and practical efficiency of using the spatial-functional method of land management formation of the stability of agro-landscapes are substantiated. 

Influence of changing land use/cover and land management on wind erosion potential in southwestern Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahime Nikseresht ◽  
Schulin Rainer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Southwestern Iran ◽  
High Sediment

<p>Wind erosion is one of the main factors of soil degradation and air pollution in arid and semiarid regions. In recent years, dust storms have become ever more important sources of air pollution in large areas of Iran. Dust storms previously were confined to the summer season and to western Iran. Nowadays, dust storms occur during eight months of the year and extend to the central regions and the entire south of Iran. This is causing increasing problems for the residents of the affected areas, threatening their health and impairing social, economic and agricultural activities. Ahvaz, the capital of Khuzestan Province, is the city that is most seriously affected by these problems in Iran.</p><p>Wind erosion is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by a variety of factors. One of these factors that has changed considerably in recent time in Iran is land use/cover and land management. To investigate the impact of these changes on wind erosion potential in southwestern Iran we applied an empirical model of the Iran Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland (IRIFR) to remote sensing data extracted from Landsat ETM+ and Landsat 8 imagery of 2010 and 2019. Relationships between changes in wind erosion and land use/cover were determined by cross-tabulation, combining the original spectral bands with synthetic bands and using Maximum Likelihood classification.</p><p>The results indicate major changes in wind erosion potential over the last decade in the study area. Interestingly, while areas with a low, medium, and high sediment yield potential decreased, areas with a very high sediment yield potential have increased. Increasing soil erosion potential was primarily related to the conversion of rangeland to agricultural cropland Moreover, the results indicate an increase in desertification in the study area which is also a clear evidence of increasing in soil erosion.</p>

scholarly journals Dust storms – what do they really cost?

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tozer ◽  
J. Leys
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Soil Resource ◽  
The Impact

Dust storms are frequent in Australia and can have a large impact on the soil resource, the economy and people. There have been few economic studies of the impact of wind erosion worldwide and only one in Australia before this study. While wind erosion impacts on the soil resource at the point of the erosion, the level of economic impact rises as the population and associated infrastructure affected by dust increases. This study estimates the impact on the economy of the state of New South Wales of a single large dust storm called Red Dawn that passed over the eastern coast of Australia on 23 September 2009. Estimates for rural and urban areas are presented with both on- and off-site costs evaluated. The estimated cost is A$299 million (with a range of A$293–A$313 million) with most of the cost being associated with household cleaning and associated activities. The dust storm also impacted on many cities on the coast of the state of Queensland, but their costs are not included in this study. This study demonstrates some, but not all, of the major economic costs associated with wind erosion in Australia. Given the annual average cost of dust storms it is suggested that A$9 million per year would be a conservative estimate of the level of investment required in rural areas for dust mitigation strategies, based on improved land management that could be justified to achieve a positive impact on soil condition and reduce economic losses in rural towns and the more populous coastal cities.

scholarly journals The Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System for 30 Years: A Systematic Review

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2878
Author(s):  
Benxin Chen ◽  
Zhifeng Liu ◽  
Chunyang He ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Pei Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Ecological Simulation ◽  
Application Fields

As the Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys) is a tool to simulate the interactions between ecological and hydrological processes, many RHESSys-based studies have been implemented for sustainable watershed management. However, it is crucial to review a RHESSys updating history, pros, and cons for further improving the RHESSys and promoting ecohydrological studies. This paper reviewed the progress of ecohydrological studies employing RHESSys by a bibliometric analysis that quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of relevant studies. In addition, we addressed the main application progress, parameter calibration and validation methods, and uncertainty analysis. We found that since its release in 1993, RHESSys has been widely applied for basins (<100 km2) within mainly seven biomes. The RHESSys model has been applied for evaluating the ecohydrological responses to climate change, land management, urbanization, and disturbances, as well as water quality and biogeochemical cycle. While most studies have paid their attention on climate change, the focus has shifted to the application for land management in recent years. This study also identified many challenges in RHESSys such as the inaccessible data and parameters, oversimplified calibration approach, few applications for large-scale watersheds, and limited application fields. Therefore, this study proposed a set of suggestions to overcome the limitations and challenges: (1) Developing a new approach for parameter acquisition and calibration from multi-source data, (2) improving the applicability for a large-scale basin, and (3) extending the scope of application fields. We believe RHESSys can improve the understandings of human–environment relationships and the promotion of sustainable watersheds development.

scholarly journals Climate indicators of changes in hydrological characteristics (a case of the Psyol river basin)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
River Basin ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics

Formulation of the problem. A national climate program, complying with the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, is aimed at long-term adaptation measures to climate change, providing for the development of legislation in the field of environmental protection, sectoral strategies, improving air and water quality. These measures require identification of climatic factors’ impact on hydrological characteristics of water bodies in any area in order to protect and improve them, as well as a comprehensive approach to the rational management of water resources. Analysis of previous research. Using mathematical models of atmospheric circulation allows us to obtain generalized calculations of the average global and regional air temperature, characterized by significant errors in case of different models. Problems of further research. Modern changes in climatic conditions in Ukraine are characterized by locality and rapidity: increasing number of anomalous atmospheric phenomena, frequency of droughts, dry winds which, according to preliminary estimates, may lead to reduction of water resources, changes in internal annual redistribution of water temperature and runoff against the background of increasing thermal resources of the territory. The purpose. The article analyses climatic indicators’ influence on the main hydrological characteristics on the example of the Psyol river basin within Ukraine. Research methods. Research methods are presented by statistical and cartographic analysis (correlation analysis method). The initial information is the results of observations contained in the State Climate Cadastre and the State Water Cadastre for the Dnieper Valley. Presentation of the main research material. Analysis of climate change in the Psyol river basin indicates a decrease in water consumption, both in the main river of the basin and in its main tributaries. In addition to changes in temperature and humidity, the reasons for this process were the shifts that occurred in the nature of the intra-annual distribution of the runoff. During the late XX – early XXI century the share of spring floods decreased due to the reduced period of ice phenomena and corresponding decrease in the thickness of the snow cover on the rivers. As a result, the most important component of the annual runoff of rivers began to decrease rapidly. The role of groundwater in the formation of water runoff increased against the background of a predominant decrease in precipitation. This is especially true for medium-size and small rivers, subject to significant anthropogenic pressure: over-regulation of channels, creation of artificial lakes, their shallowing. Practical value. Based on the main provisions of the national environmental policy of Ukraine on the use of water resources and the implementation of European principles of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 / EC (ERVD) the study of changes in hydrological regime of rivers is of practical importance for sustainable management. Research results. The study of the impact of changes in climatic indicators on hydrological characteristics makes it possible to determine the reference conditions and classes of ecological status of rivers under conditions of anthropogenic pressure against the background of further changes in climatic indicators that will have different trends.

scholarly journals The Impact of Agricultural Soil Erosion on the Global Carbon Cycle

Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 318 (5850) ◽  
pp. 626-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Van Oost ◽  
T. A. Quine ◽  
G. Govers ◽  
S. De Gryze ◽  
J. Six ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Carbon

Agricultural soil erosion is thought to perturb the global carbon cycle, but estimates of its effect range from a source of 1 petagram per year–1to a sink of the same magnitude. By using caesium-137 and carbon inventory measurements from a large-scale survey, we found consistent evidence for an erosion-induced sink of atmospheric carbon equivalent to approximately 26% of the carbon transported by erosion. Based on this relationship, we estimated a global carbon sink of 0.12 (range 0.06 to 0.27) petagrams of carbon per year–1resulting from erosion in the world's agricultural landscapes. Our analysis directly challenges the view that agricultural erosion represents an important source or sink for atmospheric CO2.

Global climate policy will focus on land use

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Offs

Subject Food security and land management. Significance A new report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reviewing the impacts of climate change on land highlights that climate change is happening faster over land than the global average. This has direct negative impacts for agricultural production, water availability and food security. However, the increasing severity of these impacts will also reduce longer-term adaptation options through land-based strategies, and the ability of soil to act as a carbon sink. The prospect of large-scale bioenergy-based technologies to achieve negative emissions also faces trade-offs and competition with other land uses. Impacts Better natural capital accounting for ecosystem services will incentivise climate-sensitive land management strategies. Carbon pricing may expand to agricultural systems, but is thus far untested. Investment in early-warning systems can reduce risks from extreme weather events on agricultural production.

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