scholarly journals The Growth and Morphological Characterization Of Tropical Thermophilic Bacterium Parageobacillus caldoxylosilyticus ER4B

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Clemente Michael Vui Ling Wong ◽  
Xin Jie Ching ◽  
Yoke Kqueen Cheah ◽  
Nazalan Najimuddin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Thermophilic Bacterium ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes

Parageobacillus caldoxylosilyticus is a rod-shaped thermophilic bacterium that can grow optimally at high temperatures. The thermophilicity of the bacterium is expected to be largely accounted for by the production of thermostable enzymes which has valuable applications in many fields. However, the species is poorly studied, hence, the growth conditions at high temperatures remained unclear until today. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the growth characterization of P. caldoxylosilyticus, including growth media preferences, optimal growth temperature, as well as minimum and maximum growth temperature. P. caldoxylosilyticus strain ER4B isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch compost was used in this study. The bacterial strain was first identified using 16S rRNA sequencing, and the subsequent BLAST result showed that it is closest to P. caldoxylosilyticus strain UTM6. It is found that ER4B grew best in LB as compared to R2A, TSB, and NB medium. Further temperature tests determined the optimum growth temperature of the strain to be at 64°C Besides, the bacterium forms mucoid circular punctiform colonies that are yellowish in color on an agar plate, and the colony is usually 2 mm to 4 mm in diameter. The microscopic analysis also revealed that strain ER4B is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium that has a length ranging from 3 µm to 6 µm, with a diameter of around 0.5 µm.

Optimal growth temperature for the isolation of Plesiomonas shigelloides, using various selective and differential agars

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 800-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwarul Huq ◽  
Anwari Akhtar ◽  
M. A. R. Chowdhury ◽  
David A. Sack
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Plesiomonas Shigelloides ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

The growth characteristics of known strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides were compared with those of Aeromonas species (the major competing species in environmental waters) on plesiomonas differential agar, inositol brilliant green bile salt, and modified salmonella–shigella agar at incubation temperatures of 37, 42, and 44 °C. Using local isolates from clinical and environmental sources, optimal growth conditions, as determined by colony counts and the colony characteristics, plesiomonas differential agar proved to be ideal when incubated at 44 °C. Contrary to earlier recommendations for 48 h incubation, the colonies could be recognized readily after an incubation of 24 h. Key words: Plesiomonas, growth temperature, growth media.

scholarly journals Rhodothermus profundi sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent in the Pacific Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2729-2734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viggó Thór Marteinsson ◽  
Snaedis H. Bjornsdottir ◽  
Nadège Bienvenu ◽  
Jakob K. Kristjansson ◽  
Jean-Louis Birrien
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Thermophilic Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pressure Maximum ◽  
Gene Similarity

Nine thermophilic strains of aerobic, non-sporulating, heterotrophic bacteria were isolated after enrichment of chimney material sampled from a deep-sea hydrothermal field at a depth of 2634 m on the East-Pacific Rise (1 °N). The bacteria stained Gram-negative. They were rod-shaped and measured approximately 0.5 μm in width and 1.5–3.5 μm in length. They grew at 55–80 °C, pH 6–8 and 1–6 % NaCl. Optimal growth was observed at 70–75 °C, pH 7.0 and 1–3 % NaCl. The organisms were identified as members of the genus Rhodothermus, having a 16S rRNA gene similarity of 98.1 % with Rhodothermus marinus DSM 4252T. The novel isolates differed morphologically, physiologically and chemotaxonomically from R. marinus, e.g. in lack of pigmentation, response to hydrostatic pressure, maximum growth temperature and DNA G+C content. DNA–DNA hybridization revealed a reassociation value of 37.2 % between strain PRI 2902T and R. marinus DSM 4252T, which strongly suggested that they represent different species. Furthermore, AFLP fingerprinting separated the novel strains from R. marinus reference strains. It is therefore concluded that the strains described here should be classified as representatives of a novel species for which the name Rhodothermus profundi sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is PRI 2902T (=DSM 22212T =JCM 15944T).

scholarly journals Glucosylglycerate Biosynthesis in the Deepest Lineage of the Bacteria: Characterization of the Thermophilic Proteins GpgS and GpgP from Persephonella marina

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 1648-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Costa ◽  
Nuno Empadinhas ◽  
Milton S. da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Thermophilic Bacterium ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Dimeric Protein ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT The pathway for the synthesis of glucosylglycerate (GG) in the thermophilic bacterium Persephonella marina is proposed based on the activities of recombinant glucosyl-3-phosphoglycerate (GPG) synthase (GpgS) and glucosyl-3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase (GpgP). The sequences of gpgS and gpgP from the cold-adapted bacterium Methanococcoides burtonii were used to identify the homologues in the genome of P. marina, which were separately cloned and overexpressed as His-tagged proteins in Escherichia coli. The recombinant GpgS protein of P. marina, unlike the homologue from M. burtonii, which was specific for GDP-glucose, catalyzed the synthesis of GPG from UDP-glucose, GDP-glucose, ADP-glucose, and TDP-glucose (in order of decreasing efficiency) and from d-3-phosphoglycerate, with maximal activity at 90°C. The recombinant GpgP protein, like the M. burtonii homologue, dephosphorylated GPG and mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate (MPG) to GG and mannosylglycerate, respectively, yet at high temperatures the hydrolysis of GPG was more efficient than that of MPG. Gel filtration indicates that GpgS is a dimeric protein, while GpgP is monomeric. This is the first characterization of genes and enzymes for the synthesis of GG in a thermophile.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Thermostable DNA Glycosylase Specific for U/G and T/G Mismatches from the Hyperthermophilic ArchaeonPyrobaculum aerophilum

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (5) ◽  
pp. 1272-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjing Yang ◽  
Sorel Fitz-Gibbon ◽  
Edward M. Marcotte ◽  
Jennifer H. Tai ◽  
Elizabeth C. Hyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Dna Glycosylase ◽  
Dna Glycosylases ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Hyperthermophilic Archaeon ◽  
Sequencing Project ◽  
A Genome

ABSTRACT U/G and T/G mismatches commonly occur due to spontaneous deamination of cytosine and 5-methylcytosine in double-stranded DNA. This mutagenic effect is particularly strong for extreme thermophiles, since the spontaneous deamination reaction is much enhanced at high temperature. Previously, a U/G and T/G mismatch-specific glycosylase (Mth-MIG) was found on a cryptic plasmid of the archaeonMethanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, a thermophile with an optimal growth temperature of 65°C. We report characterization of a putative DNA glycosylase from the hyperthermophilic archaeonPyrobaculum aerophilum, whose optimal growth temperature is 100°C. The open reading frame was first identified through a genome sequencing project in our laboratory. The predicted product of 230 amino acids shares significant sequence homology to [4Fe-4S]-containing Nth/MutY DNA glycosylases. The histidine-tagged recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. It is thermostable and displays DNA glycosylase activities specific to U/G and T/G mismatches with an uncoupled AP lyase activity. It also processes U/7,8-dihydro-oxoguanine and T/7,8-dihydro-oxoguanine mismatches. We designate it Pa-MIG. Using sequence comparisons among complete bacterial and archaeal genomes, we have uncovered a putative MIG protein from another hyperthermophilic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix. The unique conserved amino acid motifs of MIG proteins are proposed to distinguish MIG proteins from the closely related Nth/MutY DNA glycosylases.

scholarly journals A Positive Correlation between Bacterial GC Content and Growth Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Ze Hu ◽  
Xin-Ran Lan ◽  
Zhi-Ling Liu ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Deng-Ke Niu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Optimal Growth Temperature ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Rna Genes ◽  
Gc Contents

Abstract Background: Because GC pairs are more stable than AT pairs, GC-rich genomes were proposed to be more adapted to high temperatures than AT-rich genomes. Previous studies consistently showed positive correlations between growth temperature and the GC contents of structural RNA genes. However, for the whole genome sequences and the silent sites of the codons in protein-coding genes, the relationship between GC content and growth temperature is in a long-lasting debate. Results: With a dataset much larger than previous studies (681 bacteria and 155 archaea), our phylogenetic comparative analyses showed positive correlations between optimal growth temperature and GC content both in bacterial and archaeal structural RNA genes and in bacterial whole genome sequences, chromosomal sequences, plasmid sequences, core genes, and accessory genes. However, in the 155 archaea, we did not observe a significant positive correlation of optimal growth temperature with whole-genome GC content or GC content at four-fold degenerate sites. We randomly drew 155 samples from the 681 bacteria for 1000 rounds. In most cases (> 95%), the positive correlations between optimal growth temperature and genomic GC contents became statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05). This result suggested that the small sample sizes might account for the lack of positive correlations between growth temperature and genomic GC content in the 155 archaea and the bacterial samples of previous studies. Conclusions: This study explains the previous contradictory observations and ends a long debate. Bacteria growing in high temperatures have higher GC contents. Thermal adaptation is one possible explanation for the positive association. Meanwhile, we should be open to other intricate explanations, including nonadaptive ones.

Characterization of seawater reverse osmosis fouled membranes from large scale commercial desalination plant

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
A Chain

The objective of this work is to study the ageing state of a used reverse osmosis (RO) membrane taken in Algeria from the Benisaf Water Company seawater desalination unit. The study consists of an autopsy procedure used to perform a chain of analyses on a membrane sheet. Wear of the membrane is characterized by a degradation of its performance due to a significant increase in hydraulic permeability (25%) and pressure drop as well as a decrease in salt retention (10% to 30%). In most cases the effects of ageing are little or poorly known at the local level and global measurements such as (flux, transmembrane pressure, permeate flow, retention rate, etc.) do not allow characterization. Therefore, a used RO (reverse osmosis) membrane was selected at the site to perform the membrane autopsy tests. These tests make it possible to analyze and identify the cause as well as to understand the links between performance degradation observed at the macroscopic scale and at the scale at which ageing takes place. External and internal visual observations allow seeing the state of degradation. Microscopic analysis of the used membranes surface shows the importance of fouling. In addition, quantification and identification analyses determine a high fouling rate in the used membrane whose foulants is of inorganic and organic nature. Moreover, the analyses proved the presence of a biofilm composed of protein.

Characterization of a Thermostable Xylanase from the Extremely Thermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga hypogea

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasleen Dhanjoon ◽  
Xiangxian Ying ◽  
Fariha Salma ◽  
Kesen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Thermophilic Bacterium ◽  
Thermostable Xylanase

Characterization of a Thermostable Xylanase from the Extremely Thermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga hypogea

2013 ◽  
Vol 999 (999) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Jasleen Dhanjoon ◽  
Xiangxian Ying ◽  
Fariha Salma ◽  
Kesen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Thermophilic Bacterium ◽  
Thermostable Xylanase

Mineral nutrition, dinitrogen fixation, and growth of Alnuscrispa and Alnusglutinosa

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Prégent ◽  
C. Camiré
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Dinitrogen Fixation ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
N Status

Invitro cultures of Alnuscrispa (Ait.) Pursh and Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn. were used to estimate critical foliage levels of selected nutrients for optimal growth and dinitrogen (N2) fixation. For A. crispa to obtain 90% of maximum growth and N2 fixation, foliar levels of 0.12% P, 0.13% Mg, <0.31% K, and <0.04% Ca on a dry weight basis were needed. For A. glutinosa, the critical levels were 0.138% P, 0.10% Mg, 0.29% Ca, and ~0.20% K. From all the deficiencies observed, P had the more pronounced effects on N status of both species.

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