scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Precipitated Calcium Carbonat dari Batu Kapur dalam Pembuatan β-TCP sebagai Bahan Dasar Implan Tulang

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Noor Isnaini Azkiya ◽  
Fanny Prasetia ◽  
Rosita Dwi Chrisnandari ◽  
Wianthi Septia Witasari
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Very High

Salah satu material yang bersifat biokompatibel serta sering digunakan sebagai bahan dasar implan tulang dan gigi adalah trikalsium fosfat. Material ini dapat dihasilkan dari precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) batu kapur karena memiliki kandungan kalsium yang sangat tinggi. Metode yang digunakan untuk mensintesis trikalsium fosfat yaitu melalui pengendapan prekursor CaO dan H3PO4 dalam media etanol. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan instrumen FT-IR, AAS, spektroskopi UV-Vis, dan XRD. Dari hasil analisis spektroskopi UV-Vis, rasio Ca/P dari hasil sintesis diperoleh sebesar 1,64. Uji FT-IR menunjukkan adanya gugus Ca-O pada bilangan gelombang sekitar 1400 cm-1 dan gugus PO43- pada bilangan gelombang 561 cm-1 dan 1041 cm-1. Uji XRD menunjukkan 3 puncak tertinggi dari β-TCP (trikalsium fosfat) yang sesuai dengan JCPDS no. 09-0169.One of the biocompatible materials that are often used as a basic materials for bone and dental implants is tricalcium phosphate. This material can be produced from precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) limestone because it has a very high calcium content. The method used to synthesize tricalcium phosphate was deposition of CaO and H3PO4 precursors in ethanol media. The results of the synthesis was characterized using FT-IR instruments, AAS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and XRD. Based on the results of the UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis, the Ca/P ratio of the synthesis results obtained was 1.87. FT-IR test showed the presence of a Ca-O group at wave number 1400 cm-1 and PO43- group at wave numbers 561 cm-1 and 1041 cm-1. XRD test showed highest peaks of β-TCP (tricalcium phosphate) according to JCPDS no. 09-0169.

Transjøen, a Groundwater Influenced Lake with Special Redox and Sulphate Conditions

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Bremmeng ◽  
A. E. Kloster
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Meromictic Lake ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate

Transjøen, a lake in S.E. Norway investigated hydrographically from October 1969 to October 1971, consists of two basins, both of which are meromictic (lake with lower layer which does not participate in the periodic circulations). The lake has a large influx of groundwater of very varying chemical composition. The calcium content is high and precipitated calcium carbonate and electrolyte rich groundwater is assumed to be the main reason for the meromictic stability. The redox potentials of monimolimnion (the lower layer which does not participtate in the periodic circulation) are extremely low, but in spite of this fact the content of sulphate is high.

scholarly journals Synthesis of precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) From Lime Rock Nature Methods Caustic Soda (Studies Concentration HNO3)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Isnaini Azkiya ◽  
Fanny Prasetia ◽  
Elsa Desyta Putri ◽  
Anggita Rosiana ◽  
Sri Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Group ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
High Calcium

The limestones was abundant in Tuban, East Java and have high calcium mineral content. Nevertheless, in the economic value, limestone have low price. Aim the research is prepare  Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) by caustic soda method. In this method, calcium  was dissolved in HNO3 with different concentration (2, 4,6, 8 M). The Filtrate obtained then was added by Na2CO3 1 M to get PCC. As the results, The white PCC obtained with the highest rendement is 64,7% when added HNO3 6M. Analysis of functional group by FTIR show that there were strong absorption in the 844,76; 912,27 dan 1411,40 cm-1 that indicated carbonate group. Analysis of Cristallinity by XRD show that there were the peak characteristic of 2 on 29,50˚; 36,07˚ dan 39,50˚that representative calcite structure. SEM-EDX Analysis show that PCC have a mixing structure of calcite and vaterite.   Keywords: limestone, PCC, caustic soda 

scholarly journals Effects of high concentrations of calcium salts in the substrate and its pH on the growth of selected rhododendron cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Giel ◽  
Krystyna Bojarczuk
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Substrate Ph

For proper growth and development, rhododendrons need acidic soils, whereas calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) in the substrate markedly limits their growth. In this study, we analysed the reactions of rhododendrons to high concentrations of calcium salts and pH in the substrate. We used 4-month-old seedlings of <em>Rhododendron</em> 'Cunningham's White' and 1.5-year-old seedlings and rooted cuttings of <em>R.</em> 'Cunningham's White' and <em>R.</em> 'Catawbiense Grandiflorum'. Their reactions depended mostly on calcium salt type added to the substrate (sulphate or carbonate). An increase in concentrations of phenolic compounds was detected mostly in roots of the plants grown in a substrate with a high calcium carbonate content. Addition of calcium salts to the substrate caused a significant rise in total nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves and roots of the studied plants. As compared to the control, an increase in substrate pH in the variant with calcium carbonate limited the activity of acid phosphatase, while lowering of substrate pH in the variant with calcium sulphate, significantly increased its activity. Along with the rise in substrate pH, a remarkable increase was observed in the activity of nonspecific dehydrogenase (DHA) in the substrate with CaCO<sub>3</sub>, as compared to the control. Unfavourable soil conditions (high calcium content and alkaline pH) caused a decrease in assimilation of minerals by the studied plants (mostly phosphorus and manganese). Our results show that the major factor limiting rhododendron growth is an increase in substrate pH, rather than an increase in the concentration of calcium ions.

Structural and mechanical characterization of polyurethane-CaCO3 composites synthesized at high calcium carbonate loading: An experimental and theoretical study

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832199641
Author(s):  
Ana P de Moura ◽  
Enio HP da Silva ◽  
Vanessa S dos Santos ◽  
Miguel F Galera ◽  
Flaminio CP Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Plastic Region ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Polymer Interaction

Due to its exceptional biocompatibility, Polyurethane (PU) reinforced with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a composite material with significant biomedical applications. However, much of the currently known mechanical and chemical information regarding composites has been obtained at low and moderate CaCO3 content levels. This study employs experimental and theoretical tools to evaluate the structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of pristine polyurethane, and when doped with CaCO3 at 25 and 50 wt.%. In the experiments the samples are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile and flexural mechanical tests, while theoretical calculations are performed to evaluate the carbonate-polymer interaction. The XRD and FT-IR results indicate that CaCO3 is at the calcite phase and that PU-CaCO3 materials exhibit a broadening of bands related to the NH2 group. This result is explained using theoretical calculations that demonstrate a weak interaction between those molecules with the CaCO3 surface, where the molecule-calcite interaction occurs primarily through the NH2 molecular link. With respect to mechanical behaviour, the results show less fracture resistance and greater stiffness for the materials containing CaCO3, compared to those containing only PU. These results are explained in terms of the stress concentration due to CaCO3 within the polymer. Finally, the results detailed in this paper show that a high calcium carbonate loading is suitable for increasing the rigidity and decreasing the fracture toughness of the biomaterial, in association with a reduction of the plastic region.

Novel calcium carbonate filler for cellulose industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Nikkhah Dafchahi ◽  
Hossein Resalati ◽  
Seyed Majid Zabihzadeh ◽  
Noureddin Nazarnezhad ◽  
Ghasem Asadpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Burnt Lime ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Carbonate Filler ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
Slight Amount

Abstract Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) filler is used in many industrial products like constructions, plastics, pharmaceutics, etc. In this study producing cationic precipitated calcium carbonate filler for paper industry was investigated. Hence, a cationic polyacrylamide and cationic corn starch have been incorporated into the PCC particles to produce a modified filler with cationic structure and improved hydrogen bonding ability with cellulose fibers. According to the FESEM and XRD results, cubic-like fillers with prominently calcite polymorph and a slight amount of aragonite were successfully produced from the industrial burnt lime using carbonation process. The presence of organic substances in the structure of the modified samples was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Besides, based on the FESEM results, filler morphology and particle size could be affected by the polymer content. In conclusion, introducing cationic groups to mineral fillers could be considered as a possible strategy to overcome some detrimental effects of using mineral fillers in paper products.

Accumulation of calcium in degenerating photoreceptors of several Drosophila mutants

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Sahly ◽  
Walter H. Schröder ◽  
Karl Zierold ◽  
Baruch Minke
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Cellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe hypothesis that a large, possibly toxic, increase in cellular calcium accompanies photoreceptor cell degeneration in several different Drosophila mutants was tested. The calcium content of wild type and mutant photoreceptors of Drosophila was measured using rapid freezing of the eyes and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (e.d.x.) of cryosections and semithin sections of cryosubstituted material. Light- and dark-raised mutants of the following strains were studied: retinal degeneration B (rdgB); retinal degeneration C (rdgC); neither inactivation nor afterpotential C (ninaC), and no receptor potential A (norpA). These are light-dependent retinal degeneration mutants in which the affected gene products had been previously shown as myosin-kinase (ninaC), calcium-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase (rdgC), phosphoinositide transfer protein (rdgB), and phospholipase C (norpA). In light-raised mutants, ommatidia of variable degrees of degeneration were observed. Mass-dense globular bodies of 200–500 nm diameter in relatively large quantities were found in the degenerating photoreceptor of all the mutants tested. These subcellular globules were found to have a very high calcium content, which was not found in wild type or in nondegenerating photoreceptors of the mutants. Nondegenerating photoreceptors were found not only in dark-raised mutants, but in smaller quantities also in light-raised mutants. Usually these globular structures contained high levels of phosphorus, indicating that at least part of the calcium in the mutant photoreceptors is precipitated as calcium phosphate. The results indicate that a large increase in cellular calcium accompanies light-induced photoreceptor degeneration in degenerating Drosophila mutants even when induced by very different mutations, suggesting that the calcium accumulation is a secondary rather than a primary effect in the degeneration process.

scholarly journals Effect of Liquid Feeding Rate on Carbonation of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate via Continuous Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2080 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
Emee Marina Salleh ◽  
Rohaya Othman ◽  
Zawawi Mahim ◽  
Siti Noorzidah Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Narrow Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
High Calcium

Abstract Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) is an innovative product generated from lime that significantly offers various functional characteristics in fulfilling numerous market demand. PCC is produced by hydrating high-calcium quicklime resulting slurry so-called milk-of-lime and reacting the slurry with carbon dioxide (CO2) via carbonation process. The resulting PCC product is extremely white and typically has a uniform narrow particle size distribution. PCC is available in various crystal morphologies and sizes, which can be tailored to optimize performance in a specific application. The final properties of the PCC can be diversified by controlling processing parameters. In this current work, effect of liquid air pressure corresponding to feeding rate on a formation of PCC was investigated. In enhancing the product yield, the quicklime was initially converted into a solution containing calcium ion (Ca2+) using natural promoter agent. Subsequently, CO2 gas was continuously supplied into the Ca-rich ionic solution, thus inducing carbonation reaction to form PCC. This present work showed the carbonation time of producing PCC was effectively reduced as a function of feeding rate from 15 minutes at 10 psi to only 7 minutes at 50 psi. The PCC yield slightly increased from 19 g to 23 g with increasing the feeding rate from 10 psi to 50 psi, respectively. Morphologically, the PCC particles were dominated by rhombohedral structures at various feeding rates with an indication of intergrowth mechanism. This current finding signified the increasing feeding rate offered a significant reduction of PCC production time that might be efficiently applied by the industrial manufacturers.

A method for measuring the in-plane compressive strength and the compression behavior of coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
TEEMU PUHAKKA ◽  
ISKO KAJANTO ◽  
NINA PYKÄLÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Mineral Coatings ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Cracking at the fold is a quality defect sometimes observed in coated paper and board. Although tensile and compressive stresses occur during folding, test methods to measure the compressive strength of a coating have not been available. Our objective was to develop a method to measure the compressive strength of a coating layer and to investigate how different mineral coatings behave under compression. We used the short-span compressive strength test (SCT) to measure the in-plane compressive strength of a free coating layer. Unsupported free coating films were prepared for the measurements. Results indicate that the SCT method was suitable for measuring the in-plane compressive strength of a coating layer. Coating color formulations containing different kaolin and calcium carbonate minerals were used to study the effect of pigment particles’ shape on the compressive and tensile strengths of coatings. Latices having two different glass transition temperatures were used. Results showed that pigment particle shape influenced the strength of a coating layer. Platy clay gave better strength than spherical or needle-shaped carbonate pigments. Compressive and tensile strength decreased as a function of the amount of calcium carbonate in the coating color, particularly with precipitated calcium carbonate. We also assessed the influence of styrene-butadiene binder on the compressive strength of the coating layer, which increased with the binder level. The compressive strength of the coating layer was about three times the tensile strength.

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