scholarly journals Encapsulation of Clove Oil within Ca-Alginate-Gelatine Complex: Effect of Process Variables on Encapsulation Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Agung Ari Wibowo ◽  
Ade Sonya Suryandari ◽  
Eko Naryono ◽  
Vania Mitha Pratiwi ◽  
Muhammad Suharto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Alginate Concentration ◽  
Ca Alginate ◽  
Cacl2 Solution ◽  
Space Volume

Karena memiliki khasiat seperti analgesik, minyak cengkeh biasa digunakan sebagai obat, antibakteri, antioksidan, dan antimikroba. Kemungkinan enkapsulasi minyak cengkeh sebagai makrokapsul padat dipelajari dengan pembuatan makrokapsul Ca-Alginate-Gelatine. Variabel proses yang digunakan adalah variasi konsentrasi alginat 1% dan 1,5% b / v, dan perbandingan massa antara alginat-gelatin divariasikan antara 1: 4, 1: 6, dan 1: 8 w /w. Selain itu, variasi konsentrasi CaCl2 (10%, 20% dan 30% w / v) sebagai cross-linking agent pembentukan kompleks Ca-Alginate juga digunakan sebagai variabel proses. Peningkatan konsentrasi alginat, gelatin dan CaCl2 nampaknya menurunkan efisiensi enkapsulasi karena terbatasnya volume ruang bebas yang terbentuk pada matriks Ca-Alginat-Gelatin. Efisiensi enkapsulasi tertinggi (93,08%) diperoleh pada penggunaan Alginat 1% w / v, dengan perbandingan alginat dengan gelatin 1: 4 dan ikatan silang dalam larutan CaCl2 10% w / v selama 15 menit.Owing to the properties such as analgesic, clove oil is commonly used as medicine, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antimicrobial drugs. The possibility of clove oil encapsulation as a solid macrocapsule was studied by making Ca-Alginate-Gelatine macrocapsules. The process variables used were variations in Alginate concentration of 1% and 1.5% w/v, and the mass ratio between alginate-gelatine was varied between 1: 4, 1: 6, and 1: 8 w/w. In addition, variations in the concentration of CaCl2 (10%, 20% and 30% w/v) as a cross-linking agent for the formation of Ca-Alginate complexes were also used as process variables. The increase of alginate, gelatine and CaCl2 concentration seems to decreased the encapsulation efficiency because of the limitation of the free space volume formed in the Ca-Alginate-Gelatine matrix. The highest encapsulation efficiency (93.08%) was obtained in the use of Alginate 1% w/v, with a ratio of alginate to gelatine 1: 4 and cross-linking in a 10% w/v CaCl2 solution for 15 minutes.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel wound dressing by PVP/ PAANa/chitosan with semi-interpenetrating polymer network structure

e-Polymers ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wu ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Yali Gi ◽  
Yueting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractA novel hydrogel wound dressing with semi-interpenetrating polymer network structure (semi-IPN) was prepared by radical polymerization of acrylic acid with potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) as initiator and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linking agent in the presence of chitosan (CTS) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM displayed semi- IPN hydrogels' creased surface with some scale-like wrinkles, thus improving the absorptive capability which has been considered as a most important characteristic of wound dressings. It was found that the content of cross-linking agent and the mass ratio of PVP and CTS had much influence on the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, varying from brittle plastics to elastomer due to the different degrees of cross linking. Since tensile strength is partly in inverse ratio to the hydrogel absorbent capability, the article offers an analysis of varying material proportion in order to obtain an optimum properties of the hydrogel wound dressing .

scholarly journals Modeling of REE and Fe Extraction from a Concentrate from Araxá (Brazil)

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Nascimento ◽  
Flávio Lemos ◽  
Rogério Guimarães ◽  
Clóvis Sousa ◽  
Paulo Soares
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Acid Processing ◽  
Roasting Temperature

The study aimed to employ a comprehensive methodology for the acid processing of a rare earth element (REE) concentrate obtained from the ore from Araxá (MG-Brazil). The most important process variables have been identified and their levels determined to maximize REE extraction (%RE) and minimize Fe extraction (%Fe). The thermodynamic analysis showed that the roasting temperature (TF) is crucial for the control of Fe solubilization in the aqueous leaching step of the acid processing. A statistic design of laboratory experiments and a process optimization method were applied to address the interaction among the process variables. Experimental results showed that a TF of about 700 °C can significantly reduce the Fe concentration in the aqueous leaching liquor. Mathematical models were proposed to predict the effect of process variable on REE and Fe extraction of the concentrate. A multi-objective technique was employed for optimization of chemical processing and the best conditions were reached for roasting temperature (TF) = 700 °C, acid to sample mass ratio (ACs) = 0.8 and leaching time (tL) = 20 min, which led to %RE = 96.91% and %Fe = 21.69%.

Preparation and Performance Testing of Chitosan-Ibuprofen Sustained Release Microspheres

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Qin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sustained Release Microspheres

The chitosan-ibuprofen sustained release mcrospheres have been prepared by the emulsion cross-linked method, and the samples are characterized by EMS(electron microscope) and vitro.UV spectrophotometer. Research results indicate that the concentrations of IBF in solution are different with the different pH conditions. The quantities of cross linking agent, the mass ratio and temperature are selected to optimize on the MIC’s size and morphology.

scholarly journals Influence of process variables and formulation composition on sphericity and diameter of Ca-alginate-chitosan liquid core capsule prepared by extrusion dripping method

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gim-Pao Lim ◽  
Boon-Beng Lee ◽  
Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad ◽  
Harbant Singh ◽  
Pogaku Ravindra
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Core ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Ca Alginate

Chitosan oligosaccharide as prospective cross-linking agent for naproxen-loaded Ca-alginate microparticles with improved pH sensitivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Čalija ◽  
Jela Milić ◽  
Nebojša Cekić ◽  
Danina Krajišnik ◽  
Rolf Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Ca Alginate

Preparation and evaluation of an oral mucoadhesive gel containing nystatin-loaded alginate microparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammadi Samani ◽  
S. Karimaddini ◽  
Z. Sobhani ◽  
F. Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Carbopol Gel ◽  
Alginate Concentration ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation

Abstract Nystatin is an antifungal agent used for prophylaxis and treatment of candidiasis, especially oral mycosis. Efficacy of nystatin conventional dosage forms is limited by the short residence time and bitter taste of the drug. This research aims at designing an optimized formulation of oral mucoadhesive gel of nystatin-loaded alginate microparticles, which can be retained in the mouth. Sodium alginate solution containing nystatin was added to the solution of calcium chloride under stirring. Microparticles containing nystatin were incorporated into the Carbopol gel. Size, loading, and release profile and mucoadhesion were investigated. The most suitable microparticles with particle size of < 250 μm were prepared with alginate concentration of 1%(w/v), calcium chloride of 1%(w/v), drug:polymer concentration 1%, and ratio of alginate solution:calcium chloride of 1:10. This formulation showed 49.1% drug loading and 98.2% encapsulation efficiency. Carbopol 934 gel provided optimal mucoadhesive properties. Release profile proved a burst release, which can be attributed to the surface associated drug, followed by a slower sustained release phase for all microparticles. The developed system with ability to adhere to the oral mucosa has great appeal for treatment of localized infections and can mask bitter taste of the drug and be retained in the mouth for long periods.

Co-Loading of Isoniazid-Grafted Phthalocyanine-in-Cyclodextrin and Rifampicin in Crude Soybean Lecithin Liposomes: Formulation, Spectroscopic and Biological Characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Isalomboto Nkanga ◽  
Michael Roth ◽  
Roderick Bryan Walker ◽  
Xavier Siwe Noundou ◽  
Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Cyclodextrin Complex ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crude Soybean Lecithin

An inclusion complex of isoniazid-grafted phthalocyanine with gamma-cyclodextrin (Complex) was co-encapsulated with rifampicin (RIF) in crude soybean lecithin liposomes using a heating method. The encapsulation efficiency (%EE) of the Complex-RIF co-loaded liposomes (Rif-Complex-Lips) was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Rif-Complex-Lips formulations were evaluated using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 1H-NMR, absorption and emission spectroscopy. Dialysis was used for drug release study in two different media, pH 6.4 and 7.4. HeLa cells were used to assess potential cytotoxicity, and the uptake by lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells was investigated using fluorescence microscopy. The particle size and Zeta potential of Rif-Complex-Lips were approximately 594 nm and –50 mV. Spectroscopic analyses demonstrated molecular distribution of the cargo within the lipid core, and encapsulation efficiency of 58% for Complex and 86% for RIF. TEM analysis unveiled the existence of spherical nanoparticles in our samples, indicating the presence of liposomes. Rif-Complex-Lips exhibited much higher release rates for both INH and RIF at pH 6.4 compared to those tested at pH 7.4. In addition, there was no cytotoxicity on HeLa cells, but remarkable Rif-Complex-Lips internalization by peripheral lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Hence, Rif-Complex-Lips are promising vehicles for intracellular delivery of antimicrobial drugs.

Study on a High-Temperature Delayed Cross-Linked Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhao ◽  
Qi Song ◽  
Hai Lin ◽  
Yan Ling Wang ◽  
Zeng Bao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions

A retarded zirconium cross-linking agent ECA-1 was prepared by using zirconium oxychloride, lactic acid， xylitol, and so on, then we got a high-temperature delayed cross-linking acid with cross-linking agent ECA-1 added to EVA-180 gelling acid, cross-linked acid performance and its influencing factors were discussed in details, such as reaction conditions of crosslinker, concentrations of crosslinker and thickener, and so on. The results showed that the obtained cross-linked acid had good temperature-tolerate and shear-tolerate properties when the mass ratio of zirconium oxychloride, lactic acid and xylitol is 1:1.25:0.0208 , the reaction temperature is 50~55°C, the reaction time is 4 hours, the delayed cross-linking time of acid system can be adjusted by changing the dosage of crosslinker and thickener.

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