scholarly journals Cardiometabolic Diseases: Biochemistry, Pathophysiology and Medical Innovations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Gundu Rao
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Other Hand

It gives us great pleasure, to write this invited overview on, Biochemistry, pathophysiology and Medical Innovations, to the Journal of Biochemistry and Modern Applications. In an earlier article on a similar topic, we described a biochemistry course, that is offered at the Cambridge University UK, called The Molecules in Medical Science, which focuses on diseases, that are familiar by name and of high relevance like diabetes and cancer. Harvard Medical School, on the other hand, says, preparation of medical school in the 21st century, should reflect contemporary developments in medical knowledge, the pace of discovery and the permeation of biochemistry, cell biology, and genetics into most areas of medicine. Oxford Royale Academy looks at biomedicine the following way; -Biochemistry, as the name suggests, is where Biology meets Chemistry: it is the study of the living things, at a molecular level- or, to put it another way, the study of the very foundations of life. On the other hand, pathophysiology deals with a variety of altered metabolism, which drives the normal physiology out of gear, and promotes the development of risks, for various metabolic diseases. The Cardiometabolic Syndrome represents a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that are risk factors for the development of metabolic diseases, which in turn promote vascular diseases. Major metabolic diseases include hypertension, excess weight, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. Vascular diseases remain the number one killer worldwide and have retained this status for over a century. There is considerable debate, about whether the treatment of the disease itself is superior, or just the management of observed risks is enough? In view of such debates, there is a great need for the development of technologies that will facilitate early diagnosis and better management of progression, or regression of diseases. Furthermore, advances in research in the fields of genetics, cellular biology, molecular biology, and emerging diagnostic tools, will improve our ability to manage chronic cardiometabolic diseases. In this overview, we have discussed advances in the various fields, the disconnect that exists between the researchers and clinicians, as well as between technologists and the end-users.

Psychiatrists as Teachers in Medical School

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (489) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Walton ◽  
J. Drewery
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Contrary View ◽  
University Department

This investigation was done to determine whether marked differences are present among lecturers in a single teaching department. Individual lecturers might vary in their teaching aims and attitudes, but yet resemble some of their colleagues sufficiently for sub-groups to form within the department. Such a university department might set out to provide students with a range of conceptual viewpoints, and for this purpose approve discrepant orientations among the teachers. On the other hand, a department may adopt the contrary view that only a confusing impression can result if—in the course of relatively brief undergraduate psychiatric instruction—contradictory statements are expressed by different teachers. Some departments, as yet unaware of the need to specify objectives, may never give consideration to the amount of consensus prevailing among the lecturers as a body.

scholarly journals Aether, fields & energy dynamics in living bodies - Part I

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
K. E. Thorp ◽  
◽  
James A. Thorp ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Dynamics ◽  
Other Hand

At the turn of the 20th century medicine and physics seemed to be heading in two opposing if not mutually exclusive directions: medical science had asserted the primacy of the cell and had set out to integrate known chemical principles into cellular functioning; physics, on the other hand, had broken through the barriers of classical Newtonian mechanical laws and established the energetic basis of all physical substance. Something was bound to give.

Memorialization: A Learned Skill or an Inborn Talent?

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
Alice G Brandfonbrener
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sight Reading ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Great Ease

Although it is often said that we tend to forget unhappy memories, many linger on. For instance, how well I recall what was for me an agony during medical school of memorizing the TCA cycle, the brachial plexus, and the bones of the wrist! I somehow dealt with it at the time, but ask me to repeat them now and I couldn’t begin to do it. On the other hand, it is true that I can still recall a few bars of Mozart sonatas I learned when I was even younger, but I’d fare much better sitting down and sight-reading the same previously memorized works. It has always been frustrating for me to recognize and accept that, long before I attained my current age, memorizing was not one of my strong points, especially compared with some of my colleagues who seemingly did it with great ease and even satisfaction. Ease of memorization appears to be in part an innate skill and, I’m sure, like other such skills, can be enhanced by training. There is also selective memory. Like many of my medical colleagues I can predictably recall a given patient’s pathology but much less readily his or her name. Lucky for us that we went into medicine and not into politics!

7. Enzymes and disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Paul Engel
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Enzyme Defects

‘Enzymes and disease’ assesses how, in relation to medical science, enzymes may be the problem or they might offer the solution. What happens if enzymes are faulty in some way? Enzyme defects lead to diseases such as alkaptonuria, phenylketonuria, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and Jamaican Vomiting Sickness. On the other hand, there are often situations in which humans deliberately seek to damp down the activity of normally functioning enzymes in human bodies, and this is how many drugs work. Enzymes, human or otherwise, are also nowadays widely used as agents for diagnosis or therapy.

scholarly journals The irrational offering of benzodiazepines by medicine shops in Bangladesh: Recommends implementation of retail pharmacy as soon as possible

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Md Jakaria ◽  
Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Rasib Uddin Rahat ◽  
Mukimul Islam ◽  
Chayan Dhar Clinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retail Pharmacy ◽  
Controlled Drugs ◽  
Other Hand

As controlled drugs, benzodiazepines are one of the most familiar prescription drugs. This present study was designed to determine the proportion of medicine shops that irrationally offered benzodiazepines without prescription in the Chittagong division of Bangladesh. A crosssectional study on the sample of 563 medicine shops was conducted from July 2015 to August 2015. A simulated client methodology was used to complete this survey. Among the total 539 medicine shops, 237(43.97%) medicine shops were offered benzodiazepines. On the other hand, 302(56.02%) medicine shops were denied to sell benzodiazepines. The offering of controlled drugs without the prescription was terrifyingly high by medicine shops in the Chittagong division. Thus, the responsible authority should be taken steps to overcome this irrationality.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.175-177

scholarly journals Impact of Gerard Van Swieten on the development of Austrian medicine throughout the 18th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Boro Bronza
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
European Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Physician

Arrival of Doctor Gerard van Swieten in Vienna, in 1745, as new personal physician of the Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa, was starting point of a huge wave of transformation in the scope of Austrian medicine. Scientific and methodological experience which doctor from Leiden brought in Habsburg capital was so overwhelming that whole structure of medical science was shattered and reconstructed in a much more efficient way. Impact of Van Swieten was a splendid example of dominance of scientific method in the Netherlands, where modern European science gained more ground than anywhere else during the classical era of baroque, throughout the 17th and first half of the 18th century. On the other hand, internal reforms and transformation of Austria, from the mid-18th century, helped a lot in the process of successful reception of new structural ideas. Through this kind of merging, inside of only several decades, Vienna managed to grow into one of leading centres of medical science in Europe and the world.

scholarly journals Możliwości i perspektywy ekumenicznej posługi duchownych wobec chorych w warunkach hospitalizacji

Ekonomia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Jacek Froniewski
Keyword(s):  
Canon Law ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Face ◽  
Priestly Ministry

Possibilities and prospects of ecumenical priestly ministry to the sick under hospitalizationThe paper shows the range of possibilities of ecumenical service of priests to the sick of other Christian denominations. In Poland it is a problem which has been growing in the face of contemporary migration movements. Nowadays the chaplain in his service in hospitals much more often encounters the faithful of other denominations. Also medical science clearer and clearer sees in patients care a whole range of determinants linked to their denomination, on which often depends their perception of the quality of medical services they are offered. On the other hand, the knowledge on this subject continues to be little, and still quite often prejudices can be encountered which have been developing historically. Because of the peculiarity of the Polish conditions, where Catholicism is the predominant denomination, the starting point for developing the question will be determinants resulting from the canon law, which define from the Catholic side the range of possible service to the sick of other denominations. Also a synthesis of respective possibilities from the Orthodox and protestant sides will be presented. Next, by means of an analysis of liturgical books, the most appropriate forms of the priest service to the sick which are possible on the ecumenical ground will be indicated and prospects of their development outlined.

scholarly journals Did the Ottoman Physicians Make Any Contributions to the Medical Science in the Ottoman Empire in the Fourteenth Century (At the Flourishing Period of the Empire)

Belleten ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (257) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Esin Kahya
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
The People ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Turkish Language

During the fourteenth century, Ottomans opened madrasa in where they invaded. The first madrasa was founded in Nicosia (Iznik). The second was founded in Brussa. All of them were built to let the people learn religion including in astronomy and mathematics, as it happened in some other places of Anatolia during the Seljukids in the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth century. They also founded hospitals in the same places. One of them was Yıldırım Hospital in Bursa. It was also served as a medical school. Its first physician was Physician Husnu. The first medical studies in the Ottoman Empire appeared in the fourteenth century. Among them can be mentioned Ishaq b. Murad, Hadji Pahsa, Physician Barakat and Cemal al-Din Aksarayi. Except Aksarayi who was interested in religious science in addition to medicine, they preferred to write in Turkish. Hadji Pasha had works in Turkish and Arabic. Although the other scientists who were interested in mathematics, astronomy, physics and chemistry preferred to write in Arabic or sometimes in Persian, the physicians wrote their works in Turkish.They felt to have to explain why they used Turkish language and said that they wrote their works in Turkish because they wished to understand what they said in their works. Their works were mainly on diseases, their treatments and the drugs which were used during the treatment of the illnesses.

Therapeutic Potential of Reactive Oxygen Species: State of the Art and Recent Advances

2020 ◽  
pp. 247263032097745
Author(s):  
Valeria Graceffa
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Other Hand

In the last decade, several studies have proven that when at low concentration reactive oxygen species (ROS) show an adaptive beneficial effect and posited the idea that they can be utilized as inexpensive and convenient inducers of tissue regeneration. On the other hand, the recent discovery that cancer cells are more sensitive to oxidative damage paved the way for their use in the selective killing of tumor cells, and sensors to monitor ROS production during cancer treatment are under extensive investigation. Nevertheless, although ROS-activated signaling pathways are well established, less is known about the mechanisms underlying the switch from an anabolic to a cytotoxic response. Furthermore, a high variability in biological response is observed between different modalities of administration, cell types, donor ages, eventual concomitant diseases, and external microenvironment. On the other hand, available preclinical studies are scarce, whereas the quest for the most suitable systems for in vivo delivery is still elusive. Furthermore, new strategies to control the temporal pattern of ROS release need to be developed, if considering their tumorigenic potential. This review initially discusses ROS mechanisms of action and their potential application in stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and cancer therapy. It then outlines the state of art of ROS-based drugs and identifies challenges faced in translating ROS research into clinical practice.

Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) for Analysis of Organic Additives in an Uncured Rubber Compound

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Lattimer ◽  
H. Muenster ◽  
H. Budzikiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Ion Currents ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract In this study, we examined the feasibility of obtaining MS/MS data for organic additives in an uncured rubber compound using several different ionization methods. EI-MS/MS worked well for those additives that gave intense molecular ions (M+·) via this mode of ionization. CI-MS/MS also worked quite well for most additives; the CI MH+ ion currents were generally quite intense and stable over a long period of time. Although fragmentation patterns for MH+ ions are different from those obtained from M+· ions, the fragments are still good diagnostic tools for identifying the original molecule. On the other hand, the FI- and FD-MS/MS analyses of these rubber samples were generally not very satisfactory. This was due to the fact that FI/FD ion currents were too weak and unstable to give daughter-ion spectra with good S/N. It may be concluded that the best way to detect and identify typical organic additives in a compounded rubber is to use a combination of EI- and CI-MS/MS. In this study, intact accelerators were successfully analyzed by MS/MS. The two accelerators in this particular rubber (OBTS and DPG) could be confirmed quite readily by daughter-ion analysis of their intense MH+ ions (CI-MS/MS). Daughter-ion analyses of M+· obtained by either EI, FI or FD modes were not very successful, however. In EI, the difficulty is that molecular ions are quite weak (or even absent) for typical rubber curatives. In FI and FD, on the other hand, a very large proportion of the ion current for accelerators resides in the molecular ion. The difficulty here is that the total ion current produced by FI or FD is rather low. The MS/MS approach has proven to be very useful for direct analysis of organic additives in rubber compounds. The principal advantage in using MS/MS is that more information is available from mixtures than can be obtained by direct analysis using conventional mass spectral methods. The MS/MS technique is also rapid experimentally compared to other techniques for mixture analysis such as GC/MS, LC/MS, or high resolution (AC-MS). Finally, since MS/MS involves two stages of mass analysis, it leads to a great reduction in the chemical noise associated with single-stage mass spectrometry. This leads to the facile confirmation of the presence (or absence) of specific components in a complex mixture.

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