scholarly journals On-Farm Agro-Economic Effects of Fertilizing Cropland with Poultry Litter

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Daren Harmel ◽  
B. Harmel ◽  
M.C. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Economic Effects of Biofuel Production on States and Rural Communities

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe L. Parcell ◽  
Patrick Westhoff
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Corn Prices ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Incentive Payments

This study summarizes research on farm-, local-, regional-, and macro-level economic effects of ethanol production. Given current production levels, the ethanol production industry annually employees approximately 3,500 workers, pays out nearly $132 million in worker salaries, generates over $110 million in local taxes, and takes in some $2 billion in government incentive payments. Projections for a 60 million gallon per year ethanol plant indicate an annual increase in corn usage of 21 million bushels, a one-time capitalization of $75 million, an increase in local corn prices of between $0.06/bushel and $0.12/bushel, a 54 direct and a 210 indirect jobs created, an increase in local tax revenues of $1.2 million, a decrease in federal commodity program outlays of $30 million, and an increase in ethanol production incentives (federal only) of around $30.5 million.

scholarly journals Farmer Willingness to Supply Poultry Litter for Energy Conversion and to Invest in an Energy Conversion Cooperative

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly L. Jensen ◽  
Roland K. Roberts ◽  
Ernie Bazen ◽  
R. Jamey Menard ◽  
Burton C. English
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Economies Of Size ◽  
On Farm

Conversion of poultry litter to energy can serve as a renewable energy source and provide an alternative to land application in areas where poultry production is intensive. Economies of size may limit a farmer's ability to economically use on-farm conversion. Capital costs can be spread across several poultry farmers to convert poultry litter to energy in a centralized facility. This research determined influences on the amount of litter poultry producers will to sell to a centralized conversion facility, on their willingness to invest in a conversion cooperative, and on the prices for litter required to divert litter from current uses.

The Human Face of the Rural Downturn

1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 17-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Pekin
Keyword(s):  
Welfare System ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
The Social ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

The economic effects of the current rural downturn are relatively easy to monitor. This paper looks at the social costs and the impact on farm families. It also discusses the discrimination against farm families within Australia’s welfare system.

scholarly journals Biosecurity on Poultry Farms from On-Farm Fluidized Bed Combustion and Energy Recovery from Poultry Litter

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 2135-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Bowen ◽  
Declan Lynch ◽  
Deirdre Lynch ◽  
Anne Marie Henihan ◽  
James J. Leahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
On Farm

Stochastic modelling to assess economic effects of treatment of chronic subclinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma Steeneveld ◽  
Jantijn Swinkels ◽  
Henk Hogeveen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
On Farm

Chronic subclinical mastitis is usually not treated during the lactation. However, some veterinarians regard treatment of some types of subclinical mastitis to be effective. The goal of this research was to develop a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation model to support decisions around treatment of chronic subclinical mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis. Factors in the model included the probability of cure after treatment, probability of the cow becoming clinically diseased, transmission of infection to other cows, and physiological effects of the infection. Using basic input parameters for Dutch circumstances, the average economic costs per cow of an untreated chronic subclinical mastitis case caused by Str. uberis in a single quarter from day of diagnosis onwards was €109. With treatment, the average costs were higher (€120). Thus, for the average cow, treatment was not efficient economically. However, the risk of high costs was much higher when cows with chronic subclinical mastitis were not treated. A sensitivity analysis showed that profitability of treatment of chronic subclinical Str. uberis mastitis depended on farm-specific factors (such as economic value of discarded milk) and cow-specific factors (such as day of diagnosis, duration of infection, amount of transmission to other cows and cure rate). Therefore, herd level protocols are not sufficient and decision support should be cow specific. Given the importance of cow-specific factors, information from the current model could be applied to automatic decision support systems.

Soil P fractions as affected by on-farm composts in a controlled incubation study

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gagnon and R. R. Simard
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Labile P ◽  
On Farm

Information on the different forms and availability of P following compost addition to soil may help to better manage manure in respect to plant growth and the environment. An experiment was conducted to investigate through a sequential extraction procedure the availability of P of fresh dairy manure and several on-farm compost-soil mixtures after a 13 wk incubation in glass jars at 35°C. Materials were mixed at a rate of 200 mg N kg-1 with an Arago sandy loam (Humo-Ferric Podzol), supplying from 64 to 301 mg P kg-1. Fresh dairy manure gave the highest net increase of resin-P and labile P fractions in terms of percentage of total P added, whereas poultry litter compost was the most efficient in increasing NaHCO3-inorganic P (-Pi). Among compost materials, poultry litter, vegetable residue and sheep manure increased labile P fraction the most. The contribution of the young dairy manure compost to this fraction was largely negative, and lower than those of fresh manure or partially and well-decomposed manure composts. A large part of added P was found in the moderately labile P fraction. The organic P (Po) fractions in the soil were less affected by manure or compost addition. This study indicated that the material P availability was reduced by composting, and was more affected by the origin of residue than by manure management. Key words: Composting, farm manure, soil P fractionation

Crop responses to subsoil manuring. I. Results in south-western Victoria from 2009 to 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Sale ◽  
Jaikirat S. Gill ◽  
Renick R. Peries ◽  
Caixian Tang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Structured Clay ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
On Farm

Subsoil manuring is a practice that involves placing high rates of organic amendments in bands at the base of rip-lines that extend down into the subsoil to a depth of 30–40cm, in order to ameliorate poorly structured clay subsoils. The objective of this study was to determine whether the increases in crop yield from this practice, which occurred at one site in the high-rainfall zone in Victoria from 2005 to 2007, would occur at other sites and in other seasons in south-western Victoria. On-farm field experiments were therefore carried out at three sites in south-western Victoria between 2009 and 2012 to measure the yield responses to subsoil manuring. The study found that subsoil manuring with poultry litter resulted in consistent and recurring increases in estimated grain yield at these sites, with responses occurring with consecutive crops. Increases in estimated grain yield continued for 4 years, with average increases in hand-harvested yield of 3.5 t ha–1 for wheat, 1.6 t ha–1 for canola and 2.3 t ha–1 for faba beans. The estimated increases in grain yield were frequently associated with the increased extraction of deep subsoil water after anthesis. A treatment involving deep-banded nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilisers and additional in-crop N, which matched the N and P in the poultry litter, yielded less than the full rate of subsoil manuring in seven of the eight site-years. This suggests that yield responses from subsoil manuring were not solely due to the release of N and P from the deep-banded poultry litter.

On-Farm Evaluation of Aluminum Sulfate (Alum) as a Poultry Litter Amendment

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2066-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Sims ◽  
N. J. Luka-McCafferty
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
On Farm

Nitrogen and phosphorus release from on-farm and industrial composts

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Gagnon ◽  
Régis R. Simard
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
P Release ◽  
P Content ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Source Materials

Source materials and manure management may affect compost nutrient availability to plants. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the impact of these factors on the N and P release from 23 on-farm and 6 industrial composts. Composts were mixed with the Ap horizon of an Arago sandy loam (Humo-Ferric Podzol), at 200 mg N kg−1, and incubated for 13 wk in glass jars at 35 °C. The soil mineral N content at the end of incubation was the highest from poultry litter, sheep manure, horse manure and vegetable residue sources whereas the fresh solid, beef and young dairy manure composts resulted in high N immobilization. The release of N from the compost organic N fraction was in most cases negative. The soil Mehlich-3 P content at the end of the incubation period was higher from the poultry litter than from any other sources, whereas P was strongly immobilized from week 1 to week 13 in the fresh solid, beef and young dairy manure compost amended soils. Septic tank sludge compost was the least efficient N and P source among industrial products whereas the others showed N and/or P release comparable to most on-farm composts. In dairy manure compost, use of wood in bedding, turning compost windrow, increasing composting duration and sheltering material against precipitation all reduced P immobilization during incubation. Organic N mineralization in soil was only significantly increased by composting duration. This study indicated that the short-term N and P potential nutrient value of composts are dependent upon compost source materials and manure management, and should be based on their inorganic N and P content. Key words: Composting, farm manure management, N and P mineralization

An Economic Analysis of the Conservation Reserve Program in South Georgia

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Clair Redmond ◽  
Frederick W. Cubbage ◽  
Richard D. Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Conservation Reserve Program ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) pays farm landowners to plant trees or grasses instead of crops on highly erodible farm rand. We analyzed the returns to these investments for farm owners and the economic effects on farm communities. On a per-acre return on investment, trees usually had a superior discounted value to cash crops at both a 4% and 10% discount rate. The CRP policies reduced total regional income attributable to farmland in most years of a timber investment. These impacts ranged from 0.07% to - 0.76% on a "crop weighted average acre." In years in which trees were harvested, however, the CRP had a positive effect on the economy, ranging from 0.06% to 10.6%. We may assume that timber under the CRP will be harvested over a number of years rather than in a particular thinning and harvesting year; therefore, economic fluctuations are less severe. South. J. Appl. For. 14(3):137-142.

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