Cestode species Khawia sinensis as indicator of epizootic state of rivers of Dagestan and test of microelement composition in fish meat

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Kamilla G. Alieva ◽  
◽  
Anatoly M. Bittirov ◽  
Islam I. Makhiev ◽  
Ismail A. Bittirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Abundance Index ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Invasion Criteria ◽  
Microelement Composition ◽  
High Level

Caviosis in the waters of the south of the Russian Federation is a poorly studied problem. Indicators of the extent of invasion were in the range of slightly moderate registration with extent of invasion (9.00-15.00%) with an abundance index of cestodes Khawia sinensis (1.40-2.18 ind./piece) in fish of different species (bighead carp, grass carp, black carp (black Chinese roach), spirlin, Sabanejewia caucasica, Krinitsky char, Tersk nase, Tersk barbel, silver Prussian carp, rutilus, Tersky gudgeon) in the basin of the Terek river, and a high level of detection of cestodes in the intestine of fish of 6 species (common carp, European carp, Tersk barbel, crucian carp, rutilus, Tersky gudgeon) was registered with extent of invasion criteria (21.00-37.00%) and an epizootic degree of abundance index of the cestode species Khawia sinensis (4.16-6.13 ind./piece). As a result of biochemical studies of 20-30 fish muscle samples within the boundaries of Dagestan authors found that the intensity of infection of fish of 14 species in Terek river basin with intestinal cestodes Khawia sinensis reduces the content of iodine, cobalt and iron in the muscles, that affect the nutritional value of fish. The content of biogenic microelements in the muscles of fish infected with cestodes Khawia sinensis was 2-5.9 times less than in fish free from helminths, which confirms the fact that the biological qualities of fish decrease with intensive cestode invasion. The most intensive infection with intestinal cestodes Khawia sinensis in comparison with fish populations free from helminths caused the marked reduction in the content of biogenic micronutrients in the muscles of trout, common carp, European carp, grass carp, black Chinese roach.

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity in carp brain and muscle after acute exposure to diafuran

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Ineu Golombieski ◽  
Enio Marchesan ◽  
Edinalvo Rabaioli Camargo ◽  
Joseânia Salbego ◽  
Joele Schmitt Baumart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aristichthys Nobilis ◽  
Early Biomarker ◽  
The Common

Sublethal adverse effects may result from exposure of aquatic organisms to insecticides at environmentally relevant concentrations. Fingerlings of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus, 1758), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Valenciennes, 1844), and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis, Richardson, 1845) were exposed to diafuran, an insecticide widely used during rice cultivation in Southern Brazil. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between the lethal concentration (LC50) of diafuran and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain and muscle tissues of these species as a possible early biomarker of exposure to this insecticide. LC50 was determined for fish exposed to diafuran concentrations during 96 h (short term): common carp: control, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg L-1; grass carp: control, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.5 mg L-1 and, bighead carp: control, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg L-1, as well as the determination of AChE at concentrations near LC50 for these species. LC50 values (nominal concentrations) were 1.81 mg L-1 for the common carp, 2.71 mg L-1 for the grass carp and, 2.37 mg L-1 for the bighead carp. All carps exposed to diafuran were lethargic (lower concentrations) or immobile. Diafuran inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity in brain (~38%) and muscle (~50%) of all species. Muscle of bighead carp under control treatment showed higher specific AChE activity than brain (14.44 against 5.94 µmol min-1 g protein-1, respectively). Concentrations of diafuran used for rice cropping may affect Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Aristichthys nobilis behaviors and the AChE activities in brain and muscle of these species may be an early biomarker of toxicity of this insecticide.

Invasive Asian Carps in North America

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Asian Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Asian Carps

<em>Abstract</em>.—In the 1970s, commercial fishers reported sightings of grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon idella </em>in large rivers and associated backwaters of Louisiana; the first specimen in Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries’ fishery independent sampling was recorded in 1976. Beginning in the early 1980s, commercial fishers noted increasing populations of bighead carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis </em>and silver carp <em>H. molitrix </em>(together, the bigheaded carps). Populations of bigheaded carps appear to be increasing at a much slower rate than in the Midwest¸ possibly due to limited suitability of and access to backwater habitat for juvenile fish. In 2002, harvester reports of sporadic captures of “different-looking” grass carp indicated the possible presence of black carp <em>Mylopharyngodon piceus</em>. Because both normal diploid and triploid (in which triploidy has been induced to cause sterility) black carp have been stocked in the Mississippi basin, determination of the ploidy (number of chromosome sets) of these fishes is important. Since 2002, postmortem ploidy determinations using cells from eyeballs removed from six wild black carp captured in Louisiana showed each to be a normal diploid, indicative of breeding capability and potential reproducing populations. Although reported commercial landings of grass and bigheaded carps have been as high as 34,830 kg/year, limited market demand in past years resulted in many captures being discarded. A protocol for obtaining samples for easily determining ploidy is reported here. Accurate data on Asian carp distributions and their reproductive potential provides information to fisheries researchers that will be constructive in documenting the spread of these invasive species and in the assessment of risk to habitats.

Mitochondrial DNA diversity, population structure, and conservation genetics of four native carps within the Yangtze River, China

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lu ◽  
S Li ◽  
L Bernatchez
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Dna Diversity

Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon piceus), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), and black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus) rank first, second, fourth, and seventh in world fish production. In China, the Yangtze River harbours the most important natural populations of these species. We performed a polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length poymorphism analysis on 365 juvenile fish representing three nursery grounds to provide a first assessment of the mitochondrial DNA diversity in these species and test the hypothesis that they are composed of more than one genetic stock. The mitochondrial DNA diversity was high in silver, bighead, and black carp, and much less in grass carp. Analysis of heterogeneity of genotype frequency, fixation indices, intersite molecular variance, and localization indices indicated that juvenile silver, bighead, and black carp from different nursery areas belong to genetically distinct populations. These results suggest that their population structure may be determined by the number of environmental settings that permit closure of their life cycle. They also imply that carp from the Yangtze River cannot be managed as a single unit and that human disturbance through exploitation and habitat modifications, in particular the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, will have differential impacts on fish abundance for different parts of the river.

scholarly journals Features of the parasitic system formation in herbivorous fish in the aquaculture of the North-Eastern and Eastern regions of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
A. V. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Herbivorous Fish ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Parasitic System ◽  
Bothriocephalus Acheilognathi ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lernaea Cyprinacea

The research aimed to determine the peculiarities of the formation of the parasitic system in herbivorous fish in the aquaculture of the North-Eastern and Eastern regions of Ukraine. In fish farms of the North-Eastern and Eastern regions of Ukraine, 26 species of parasites were found in herbivorous fish: 19 species in the silver carp (11 — protozoa, 1 — monogeneans, 4 — trematodes, 3 — parasitic crustaceans); 18 species in the grass carp (6 — protozoa, 1 — monogeneans, 4 — trematodes, 4 — cestodes, 3 — parasitic crustaceans); and 20 species in the bighead carp (10 — protozoa, 1 — monogeneans, 4 — trematodes, 2 — cestodes, 3 — parasitic crustaceans). 11 species (42.3%) of registered parasites were invasive; 18 species (69.2%) of the detected herbivorous fish’s parasites develop directly and 8 (30.8%) — with the participation of definitive and intermediate hosts; the fish is an additional (second intermediate) host in the life cycle of 6 species (23.1%) of parasites. Outbreaks of diseases caused by parasitic protozoa from the genera Myxobolus, Cryptobia, Chilodonella, and Ichthyophthirius have been reported in both fingerlings and two-year-olds. The protozoa from the genera Ichthyobodo, Trichodina, and Trichodinella were registered en masse only in fingerlings. Pathogens from the genus Dactylogyrus were more often registered among three-year-old silver and bighead carps. Metacercariae of Ichthyocotylurus variegatus were found en masse in fingerlings of the grass carp. Posthodiplostomum cuticola larvae in unfavorable farms were found with a high level of prevalence in fish of different age groups. Thong plerocercoids were more commonly recorded in two-year-old silver and bighead carps and fingerlings of the grass carp. The highest level of cestode infection with Bothriocephalus acheilognathi was recorded in fingerlings of the grass carp. Parasitic crustaceans Sinergasilus lieni with a high level of prevalence were registered in two-year-old and three-year-old fish. Crustaceans Lernaea cyprinacea massively affected two-year-old and three-year-old fish. Pathogens from the genera Trichodina, Cryptobia, and Chilodonella, and Dactylogyrus hypophthalmichthys, Posthodiplostomum cuticola, and Sinergasilus lieni were of the greatest epizootic significance for the silver carp; for the bighead carp — from the genus Myxobolus, (especially M. pavlovskii), Chilodonella piscicola, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Dactylogyrus aristichthys, Posthodiplostomum cuticola, Diplostomum spathaceum, Digramma interrupta, and Sinergasilus lieni; for the grass carp — Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Ichthyocotylurus variegatus, Ligula intestinalis, Sinergasilus major, Lernaea cyprinacea, Ichthyobodo necator, and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Invasive Asian Carps in North America

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Nuclear Size ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Asian Carps

<em>Abstract</em>.—The Asian black carp <em>Mylopharyngodon piceus </em>is of interest to the aquaculture industry in the United States as a biological control for snails and mollusks. However, past experience in North America with other Asian carps has raised concern that black carp will establish wild populations and negatively affect native populations of fish and invertebrates, especially mollusks. The demand for black carp has led biologists to seek ways to allow their use while at the same time maintaining control over their distribution and reproduction. Physical containment and restrictions on importation, release, and stocking have mostly failed. Control of reproduction holds more promise. The induction of triploidy (having three sets of chromosomes), which can render an individual biologically sterile, is of particular interest. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of proposed testing procedures used to assure genetic triploidy in black carp prior to distribution by the state of Missouri, using black carp and grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>. Our objectives were to (1) verify if the ploidy determination methodology (nuclear size) employed was 100% accurate, (2) determine growth and survival of juvenile black carp over extended periods of time under laboratory and pond conditions, and (3) histologically examine development and gametogenesis in gonads collected from triploid and diploid black and grass carps of different ages and stages of maturation. Comparison of erythrocyte nuclear size using the Coulter counter method versus the more accurate method of flow cytometry that measures DNA content indicated an error rate of 0.25% by the former method. Black carp grew and survived well in mid-Missouri ponds. Triploid grass carp males appeared to produce functional gametes, and some triploid black carp male testes had apparently normal spermatocytes within cysts. A few normally developing oocytes at previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages were observed in triploid grass carp females, and a few normal perinuclear oocytes could be identified in triploid black carp females. Currently, the standards of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s triploid grass carp voluntary inspection program are being followed by some states to manage triploid black carp. Our results indicate that although the percentage of diploid black carp that could pass through the currently proposed screening program is small, overall numbers of diploid black carp distributed in a state could be substantial depending on the number of triploids distributed. Furthermore, despite indications that triploid male black carp can be expected to be functionally sterile, reproductive studies may be warranted given the large wild populations of diploid grass carp, bighead carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</em>, and silver carp <em>H. molitrix </em>in the Mississippi River basin system.

scholarly journals Present status and fish seed production of the hatcheries of six upazilas of Rajshahi District

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam Bhuyan ◽  
Sharmin Akther ◽  
Naima Aktar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Fish Disease ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Status ◽  
Permanent Workers

An investigation was conducted during the period from March to December, 2009 to know the status and fish seed production of the hatcheries of six upazilas of Rajshahi district. All the hatcheries were established during 1968 to 2003. The occupations of the hatchery owners are hatchery business and others. Training status of the hatchery owners shows that in maximum cases they had no training and other cases had short term training, consulting with UFO etc. Funding source was self and loan, land ownership was own and lease. Fish disease occurs seldomly. The area of hatchery buildings ranged from 5 to 33 decimals. The water carrying capacity of overhead tanks ranged from 9091.90 to 409135.5 liter. The volume of each cistern ranged from 1.73 m3 to 3.93 m3. The volume of circular breeding and hatching tanks, varied from 2.48 m3 to 4.02 m3 and 1.72 m3 to 3.14 m3. The volume of each incubation tank (bottle) ranged from 1.52 m3 to 1.08 m3. The number of permanent workers ranged from 2 to 6 in all seasons. Six native species (rui, catla, mrigel, calibaush, bata and gonia) and six exotic species (silvercarp, bighead carp, grass carp, common carp, Thai pangus and Thai puti) were used for seed production. Two types of hormonal injections, such as Pituitary Gland (PG) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) were used for this purpose. Average fry production were for rui, 140.38 ± 127.02 kg, catla, 37.25 ± 29.24 kg, mrigel, 105.63 ± 54.84 kg, calibaush, 13.50 ± 5.75 kg, gonia, 32 ± 0 kg, bata, 166 ± 113.27 kg, silvercarp, 132.38 ± 96.32 kg, bighead carp, 120.71 ± 116.62 kg, grass carp, 31 ± 11.53 kg, common carp, 140.83 ± 93.83 kg, Thai pangus, 10 ± 0 kg, Thai puti, 42.33 ± 33.71 kg was recorded in some surveyed private hatcheries. The total fry production in some surveyed hatcheries ranged from 85 to 1698 kg with an average of 662.75 ± 513.83 kg.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10743Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 29-32

scholarly journals Fat quality of marketable fresh water fish species in the Republic of Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ljubojević ◽  
M. Ćirković ◽  
V. Đorđević ◽  
N. Puvača ◽  
D. Trbović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Fish Ponds

The chemical and fatty acid composition were evaluated of commercially important fish species (common carp, silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp, Wels catfish, and zander) which were collected from retail stores in the area of Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia. The amount of protein was the highest in zander (19.27%) and the lowest in grass carp fillets (14.73%). The percentage of fat ranged from 1.8 in zander to 10.07 in common carp. The total cholesterol content was the highest in Chinese carps fillets (approximately 65.38 mg/100 g), and the lowest in Wels catfish (33.14 mg/100 g). SFA were lowest in zander (28.6%). Bighead carp meat contained the highest percentage of PUFA (33.73%) while the lowest percentage was detected in common carp (20.1%). The chemical and fatty acid compositions of fish vary greatly between different species and within the same species. The quality of fish meat in Serbian retail stores is quite good but it should be improved by using feed mixtures on fish ponds.

scholarly journals Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) NIMA-Related Kinase 6 Blocks dsRNA-Induced IFN I Response by Targeting IRF3

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Xu ◽  
Meifeng Li ◽  
Zeyuan Deng ◽  
Jihuan Hu ◽  
Zeyin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idellus ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Cik Cells ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
High Level

Accumulating evidence indicates that mammalian NIMA (never in mitosis, gene A)-related kinase 6 (NEK6) plays potential roles during the course of tumorigenesis, but little is known about NEK6 in lower vertebrates. Herein, we reported a mammalian ortholog of NEK6 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) (CiNEK6). Multiple alignment of amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis showed that CiNEK6 shares a high level of sequence similarity with its counterparts in birds. CiNEK6 was ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues, and its expression level was increased under treatment with GCRV (dsRNA virus) or poly I:C (dsRNA analog). Q-PCR and dual-luciferase assays suggested that CiNEK6 overexpression suppressed IFN I activity in CIK cells treated with poly I:C. Knockdown of CiNEK6 resulted in a higher level of IFN I expression in CIK cells treated with poly I:C compared to those which received PBS. Interestingly, analysis of subcellular localization demonstrated that CiNEK6 protein scattered throughout the cytoplasm is gradually congregated together at the edges of karyotheca upon stimulation with poly I:C. Co-IP and co-localization assays suggested that CiNEK6 interacts with CiIRF3 after poly I:C challenge. In poly I:C-treated cells, the phosphorylation of CiIRF3 was increased by CiNEK6 knockdown, but was suppressed by CiNEK6 overexpression, suggesting that CiNEK6 decreases IFN I expression through inhibiting CiIRF3 activity. Cell viability assay, crystal violet staining, and detection of Vp5 also showed that CiNEK6 plays an inhibitory role in IRF3-mediated antiviral responses.

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