scholarly journals EFFICACY OF THIOPHENATE METHYL, METALAXYL+MENCOZEB AND FOSETYL-AL FUNGICIDES FOR IN VITRO CONTROL OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
Ifrayeem Butt ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Muhammad A.U. Hassan ◽  
Iqra H. Khan ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii

Management of collar rot disease in chickpea by Trichoderma species

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM PANDEY ◽  
G. C. SAGAR ◽  
SUNDARMAN SHRESTHA2 ◽  
HIRAKAJI MANANDHAR ◽  
RITESH K. YADAV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different agro- ecological regions of Nepal viz; Jumla, Palpa, Chitwan, Tarahara, Banke, Illam and Salyan and screened against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Adreded soil borne phytopathogen causing collar rot of chickpea in chickpea; In-vitro efficacy of nine fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) against Sclerotium rolfsii were screened. Pot experiment was done to find out the effective management of S. rolfsi through Tricoderma using different methods i.e. Seed treatment, soil drenching and soil application. All the tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found effective on mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial parasitization of S. rolfsii. Trichoderma isolated from Palpa district showed maximum growth inhibition (%) of pathogen periodically after 48(93.78%), 72(96.00%), 96(97.96%) and 120(100.00%) hours of inoculation. Parasitized sclerotium showed minimum sclerotial germination on agar plates. Moreover, Trichoderma species isolated from Palpa districts showed second best percent mycelial growth inhibition periodically at 72(25.00%), 120(29.16%), 168(29.16%) and 216(29.16%).In pot experiment at 40 days after sowing, Seedling height was maximum in soil drenching with 30g per 100ml of water (22.27cm) and Mortality percentage of seedlings was least or highest disease control was observed in seed treated with 109cfu/ml (0.000%).

Endophytic Bacteria of Cotton and Sweet Corn for Providing Growth Promotion and Biological Disease Control

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Kloepper ◽  
Ilan Chet
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Chitinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Biological Control Potential

Endophytes were isolated from 16.7% of surface-disinfested seeds and 100% of stems and roots of field-growth plants. Strains from Israel with broad-spectrum in vitro antibiosis were mainly Bacillus spp., and some were chitinolytic. Following dipping of cut cotton roots into suspensions of these strains, endophytes were detected up to 72 days later by isolation and by autoradiograms of 14C-labelled bacteria. Selected endophytes exhibited biological control potential based on significant reductions in disease severity on cotton inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum as well as control of Sclerotium rolfsii on bean. Neither salicylic acid nor chitinase levels increased in plants as a result of endophytic colonization, suggesting that the observed biocontrol was not accounted for by PR protein production. Some biocontrol endophytes secreted chitinolytic enzymes. Model endophytic strains inoculated into cotton stems via stem injection showed only limited movement within the stem. When introduced into stems at low concentrations, endophytes increased in population density at the injection site. After examining several experimental and semi-practical inoculation systems, seed treatment was selected as an efficient way to reintroduce most endophytes into plants.

scholarly journals Production of lytic enzymes by Trichoderma strains during in vitro antagonism with Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of stem rot of groundnut

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Parmar H ◽  
P Bodar N ◽  
N Lakhani H ◽  
V Patel S ◽  
V Umrania V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lytic Enzymes

scholarly journals Chemical Profile, In Vitro Biological Activity and Comparison of Essential Oils from Fresh and Dried Flowers of Lavandula angustifolia L.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5317
Author(s):  
Claudio Caprari ◽  
Francesca Fantasma ◽  
Fabio Divino ◽  
Antonio Bucci ◽  
Maria Iorizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia

The chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from dried and fresh flowers of Lavandula angustifolia L. (lavender), named LA 2019 and LA 2020, respectively, grown in central Italy was analyzed and compared by GC and GC-MS. For both samples, 61 compounds were identified, corresponding to 97.9% and 98.1% of the total essential oils. Explorative data analysis, performed to compare the statistical composition of the samples, resulted in a high level of global similarity (around 93%). The compositions of both samples were characterized by 10 major compounds, with a predominance of Linalool (35.3–36.0%), Borneol (15.6–19.4%) and 1,8-Cineole (11.0–9.0%). The in vitro antibacterial activity assay by disk diffusion tests against Bacillus subtilis PY79 and Escherichia coli DH5α showed inhibition of growth in both indicator strains. In addition, plate counts revealed a bactericidal effect on E. coli, which was particularly noticeable when using oil from the fresh lavender flowers at the highest concentrations. An in vitro antifungal assay showed that the EOs inhibited the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii, a phytopathogenic fungus that causes post-harvest diseases in many fruits and vegetables. The antioxidant activity was also assessed using the ABTS free radical scavenging assay, which showed a different antioxidant activity in both EOs. In addition, the potential application of EOs as a green method to control biodeterioration phenomena on an artistic wood painting (XIX century) was evaluated.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Antifungal Activity and Structure-Activity Relationships of Vanillin Oxime-N-O-Alkanoates

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Ahluwalia ◽  
Nandini Garg ◽  
Birendra Kumar ◽  
Suresh Walia ◽  
Om P. Sati
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Acyl Chlorides ◽  
Acyl Chain Length

Vanillin oxime- N-O-alkanoates were synthesized following reaction of vanillin with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, followed by reaction of the resultant oxime with acyl chlorides. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The test compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against three phytopathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii by the poisoned food technique. The moderate antifungal activity of vanillin was slightly increased following its conversion to vanillin oxime, but significantly increased after conversion of the oxime to oxime- N-O-alkanoates. While vanillin oxime- N-O-dodecanoate with an EC50 value 73.1 μg/mL was most active against M. phaseolina, vanillin oxime- N-O-nonanoate with EC50 of value 66.7 μg/mL was most active against R. solani. The activity increased with increases in the acyl chain length and was maximal with an acyl chain length of nine carbons.

scholarly journals In vitro growth of four isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc in the humid tropics

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 1879-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okereke ◽  
C V ◽  
Wokocha ◽  
C R
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
In Vitro Growth

Fungicides to control fungal competitors in Chinese straw mushroom

1969 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Lydia I. Rivera-Vargas ◽  
Paul R. Hepperly
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Straw Mushroom ◽  
Visible Growth

Laboratory and production bed observations reveal that the major fungal competitors of the Chinese straw mushroom growing on sugarcane bagasse are Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., Corticium sp., Coprinus sp., Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries and Chaetomium globosum Kunze ex Steud. Because of their perceived importance, these five fungi were selected for control studies. The selectivity of fungicides for the control of these fungi in Chinese straw mushroom beds was tested in vitro. Benomyl, captan, carboxin, chloroneb, mancozeb and penthachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) were tested in poison agar tests at the rates of 1, 10 and 100 p/m a.i. with Chinese straw mushroom and the selective competitors. Mushroom radial growth was reduced in all treatments of carboxin and at 10 and 100 p/m of chloroneb. Compared to these, PCNB was intermediately toxic. Chinese straw mushroom was tolerant to all concentrations of benomyl, captan and mancozeb. A. flavus radial growth was highly reduced with benomyl and slightly reduced by carboxin, chloroneb and PCNB. S. rolfsii showed growth reduction at 10 and 100 p/m of PCNB, chloroneb and carboxin. Growth of Coprinus sp., Corticium sp., C. globosum and A. flavus was reduced over 90% with treatments of benomyl at 100 p/m. Fungicidal sprays were evaluated in vivo on sugarcane bagasse and coffee pulp beds. Poor pasteurization of the coffee pulp was associated with rampant development of Aspergillus fumigatus Fries. and Mucor sp. Partial superficial control of these fungi was obtained with mancozeb alone (50 to 75% reduction of visible growth). Benomyl alone and in combination with mancozeb gave excellent suppression of fungi on the mushroom beds (90% reduction of visible growth). None of the treatments controlled fungi within the beds.

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