Neuroanatomy and transgenic technologies

AbstractRecently, there has been a development in transgenic technologies in many countries to meet nutritional needs of increasing worlds҆ population. However, there are some concerns about possible risks in the field of growing genetically modified (GM) food, such as threats of biodiversity and food allergies making their use a challenge. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the economic effects and political scopes of GM foods in production sector and policies made by different countries in the world and Iran. Moreover, essential (practical and legal) solutions and guidelines were provided for production and consumption of GM foods, which are useful for governmental entities, Iranian politicians, and consumers' rights. The latest situation of transgenic crops in the countries with which Iran has the highest exchange of agricultural products (including Turkey, Pakistan, and the European Union (EU)) was also studied. Although, Iran has been one of leading Asian countries not only in the field of transfer of technical knowledge of genetic engineering, but also in development of the specialized knowledge of biosafety, and despite production of several transgenic plant lines by Iranian researchers, unfortunately no GM crop has obtained release and cultivation license except for GM rice that its growing process was banned after change of government. According to findings of this study, in Iran, growing and production process of GM crops does not follow the global trend owing to scientific and legal infrastructures.

Download Full-text

Transgenic technologies for enhanced molecular breeding of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp12184 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. W. Forster ◽

S. Panter ◽

A. Mouradov ◽

J. Mason ◽

G. C. Spangenberg

Keyword(s):

White Clover ◽

Molecular Breeding ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Current Status ◽

Aluminium Tolerance ◽

Transgenic Technology ◽

Environmental Benefit ◽

Pasture Grass ◽

Transgenic Technologies

White clover is an important pasture legume of temperate regions, generally through co-cultivation with a pasture grass in a mixed-sward setting. White clover provides herbage with high nutritional quality to grazing animals, along with the environmental benefit of biological nitrogen fixation. Several key agronomic traits are amenable to modification in white clover through use of transgenic technology. Efficient methods for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of white clover have been developed. The current status of transgenic research is reviewed for the following traits: resistance to viruses and insect pests; aluminium tolerance and phosphorus acquisition efficiency; control of leaf senescence and seed yield; biosynthesis of flavonoids and rumen bypass proteins for bloat safety and enhanced ruminant nutrition; cyanogenesis; and drought tolerance. Future prospects for transgenic technology in molecular breeding in white clover are also discussed.

Download Full-text

Carabidae Population Dynamics and Temporal Partitioning: Response to Coupled Neonicotinoid-transgenic Technologies in Maize

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1603/022.038.0348 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 935-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

T. W. Leslie ◽

D. J. Biddinger ◽

C. A. Mullin ◽

S. J. Fleischer

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Temporal Partitioning ◽

Transgenic Technologies

Download Full-text

Transgenic Technologies for Bacterial Wilt Resistance

Banana: Genomics and Transgenic Approaches for Genetic Improvement ◽

10.1007/978-981-10-1585-4_13 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 197-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leena Tripathi ◽

Jaindra Nath Tripathi ◽

Jerome Kubiriba

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Wilt Resistance ◽

Bacterial Wilt Resistance ◽

Transgenic Technologies

Download Full-text

Baseline Plant-to-Plant Larval Movement of Spodoptera eridania in Bt and Non-Bt Soybean and Its Possible Impacts on IRM

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toaa079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (4) ◽

pp. 1741-1752

Author(s):

Thiago L M Fanela ◽

Edson L L Baldin ◽

Thomas E Hunt ◽

Rodrigo D Faria

Keyword(s):

Larval Mortality ◽

Pest Species ◽

Spodoptera Eridania ◽

Refuge Strategy ◽

Bt Toxins ◽

Incomplete Resistance ◽

Insect Populations ◽

Transgenic Technologies ◽

Lepidopteran Pest ◽

Larval Movement

Abstract The widespread use of transgenic technologies has led to the emergence of insect populations resistant to Bt toxins. Some lepidopteran pest species also appear to naturally have some level of tolerance to certain proteins, such as some species of Spodoptera to Cry1Ac. One of the main strategies to manage resistance is the use of refuge areas, the success of which is in part dependent on larval movement of the target pest. Thus, in order to assess the viability of a refuge strategy addressing Spodoptera eridania Stoll (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bt soybean, it was evaluated the larval movement across plants in Bt and non-Bt soybean, as well as the larval development and mortality on Bt and non-Bt soybean cultivars. We concluded that apparent S. eridania incomplete resistance resulting from high larval mortality and low adaptability on Bt plants, high larval dispersal, nondirectional larval movement, and random larval spatial dispersion suggest that structured refuge is more suitable than mixed refuge for managing resistance in S. eridania populations.

Download Full-text

Development and application of transgenic technologies in cassava

Plant Molecular Biology ◽

10.1007/s11103-004-4872-x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 671-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Nigel Taylor ◽

Paul Chavarriaga ◽

Krit Raemakers ◽

Dimuth Siritunga ◽

Peng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Technologies

Download Full-text

Transgenesis in Farm Animals: Ethical Implications for Public Policy

Politics and the Life Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0730938400018372 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 195-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. B. Mepham

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Public Interest ◽

Transgenic Animals ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Freedom Of Choice ◽

Ethical Evaluation ◽

The Public ◽

Ethical Implications ◽

Adequate Information ◽

Transgenic Technologies

There is currently considerable investment in research aimed at producing transgenic farm animals with enhanced productive capacities. This article submits these prospective technologies to critical ethical evaluation. The analysis provided, focusing on issues relevant to public policy, suggests the need to introduce additional regulations governing the use of these technologies. Should their use be permitted in principle, specific legislation would seem to be required: (1) to protect the welfare of transgenic animals produced/kept in commercial enterprises; (2) to ensure the freedom of choice of purchasers of food and other products derived from transgenic animals by provision of adequate information on the source of the products; and (3) to provide a mechanism for limiting the use of transgenic technologies to those that are in the public interest.

Download Full-text

Transgenic modification of cows milk for value-added processing

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd98068 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 671 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kurt A. Zuelke

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Artificial Chromosome ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Gene Locus ◽

Bac Library ◽

Value Added ◽

Artificial Chromosome ◽

Coordinated Expression ◽

Casein Genes ◽

Transgenic Technologies

The application of transgenic technologies in dairy cattle has been restricted largely to producing potential pharmaceutical or nutriceutical products in the mammary gland. Broader application of transgenesis in dairy cattle production will require identifying target traits that are both amenable to transgenic modification and economically important to the dairy industry. The casein proteins are the most valuable component of cows milk destined for value-added processing. The four bovine casein genes lie within a single, multi-gene locus of approximately 200 kb in length. The working hypothesis is that this multi-gene locus contains all of the DNA sequences required to regulate the coordinated expression of all four individual casein genes (i.e. a locus control region or LCR). The initial research aim is to clone the entire casein locus into a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector, thus preserving the extended 5′and 3′ regions that flank the locus, as well as maintaining the spatial integrity of the four individual casein genes that comprise the locus. The author's laboratory has prepared a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of genomic DNA from elite dairy cattle. Partial, non-elite BAC clones of the casein gene locus are being tested in transgenic mice to establish proof of concept. Advances in nuclear transfer of transfected somatic cells should improve the efficiency of producing transgenic calves that possess a BAC casein construct introduced into an elite genetic background.

Download Full-text