scholarly journals Smarce1 and Tensin 4 Are Putative Modulators of Corneoscleral Stiffness

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Boazak ◽  
Rebecca King ◽  
Jiaxing Wang ◽  
Cassandra M. Chu ◽  
Aaron M. Toporek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Synonymous Snps ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Mouse ◽  
Quantitative Trait Analysis ◽  
Significant Expression ◽  
Tissue Material

The biomechanical properties of the cornea and sclera are important in the onset and progression of multiple ocular pathologies and vary substantially between individuals, yet the source of this variation remains unknown. Here we identify genes putatively regulating corneoscleral biomechanical tissue properties by conducting high-fidelity ocular compliance measurements across the BXD recombinant inbred mouse set and performing quantitative trait analysis. We find seven cis-eQTLs and non-synonymous SNPs associating with ocular compliance, and show by RT-qPCR and immunolabeling that only two of the candidate genes, Smarce1 and Tns4, showed significant expression in corneal and scleral tissues. Both have mechanistic potential to influence the development and/or regulation of tissue material properties. This work motivates further study of Smarce1 and Tns4 for their role(s) in ocular pathology involving the corneoscleral envelope as well as the development of novel mouse models of ocular pathophysiology, such as myopia and glaucoma.

scholarly journals Material properties and effect of preconditioning of human sclera, optic nerve, and optic nerve sheath

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Park ◽  
Andrew Shin ◽  
Somaye Jafari ◽  
Joseph L. Demer
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Tangent Moduli ◽  
Nonlinear Mechanical ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Great Stress

AbstractThe optic nerve (ON) is a recently recognized tractional load on the eye during larger horizontal eye rotations. In order to understand the mechanical behavior of the eye during adduction, it is necessary to characterize material properties of the sclera, ON, and in particular its sheath. We performed tensile loading of specimens taken from fresh postmortem human eyes to characterize the range of variation in their biomechanical properties and determine the effect of preconditioning. We fitted reduced polynomial hyperelastic models to represent the nonlinear tensile behavior of the anterior, equatorial, posterior, and peripapillary sclera, as well as the ON and its sheath. For comparison, we analyzed tangent moduli in low and high strain regions to represent stiffness. Scleral stiffness generally decreased from anterior to posterior ocular regions. The ON had the lowest tangent modulus, but was surrounded by a much stiffer sheath. The low-strain hyperelastic behaviors of adjacent anatomical regions of the ON, ON sheath, and posterior sclera were similar as appropriate to avoid discontinuities at their boundaries. Regional stiffnesses within individual eyes were moderately correlated, implying that mechanical properties in one region of an eye do not reliably reflect properties of another region of that eye, and that potentially pathological combinations could occur in an eye if regional properties are discrepant. Preconditioning modestly stiffened ocular tissues, except peripapillary sclera that softened. The nonlinear mechanical behavior of posterior ocular tissues permits their stresses to match closely at low strains, although progressively increasing strain causes particularly great stress in the peripapillary region.

Type I and type II error rates for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies using recombinant inbred mouse strains

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Belknap ◽  
S. R. Mitchell ◽  
L. A. O'Toole ◽  
M. L. Helms ◽  
J. C. Crabbe
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Type I ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Error ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Mouse

The Role of Topology and Tissue Mechanics in Remora Attachment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Culler ◽  
Keri A. Ledford ◽  
Jason H. Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Tissue Mechanics ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Cell Geometry ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Tissue Material

ABSTRACTRemora fish are capable of fast, reversible and reliable adhesion to a wide variety of both natural and artificial marine hosts through a uniquely evolved dorsal pad. This adhesion is partially attributed to suction, which requires a robust seal between the pad interior and the ambient environment. Understanding the behavior of remora adhesion based on measurable surface parameters and material properties is a critical step when creating artificial, bio-inspired devices. In this work, structural and fluid finite element models (FEM) based on a simplified “unit cell” geometry were developed to predict the behavior of the seal with respect to host/remora surface topology and tissue material properties.

scholarly journals Maize stalk stiffness and strength are primarily determined by morphological factors

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Stubbs ◽  
Ryan Larson ◽  
Douglas D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe maize (Zea mays) stem is a biological structure that must balance both biotic and structural load bearing duties. These competing requirements are particularly relevant in the design of new bioenergy crops. Although increased stem digestibility is typically associated with a lower structural strength and higher propensity for lodging, with the right balance between structural and biological activities it may be possible to design crops that are high-yielding and have digestible biomass. This study investigates the hypothesis that geometric factors are much more influential in determining structural strength than tissue properties. To study these influences, both physical and in silico experiments were used. First, maize stems were tested in three-point bending. Specimen-specific finite element models were created based on x-ray computed tomography scans. Models were validated by comparison with experimental data. Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the influence of structural parameters such as geometric and material properties. As hypothesized, geometry was found to have a much stronger influence on structural stability than material properties. This information reinforces the notion that deficiencies in tissue strength could be offset by manipulation of stalk morphology, thus allowing the creation of stalks which are both resilient and digestible.

scholarly journals Systems genetics analysis of the LXS recombinant inbred mouse strains:Genetic and molecular insights into acute ethanol tolerance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0240253
Author(s):  
Richard A. Radcliffe ◽  
Robin Dowell ◽  
Aaron T. Odell ◽  
Phillip A. Richmond ◽  
Beth Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Ethanol Tolerance ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Systems Genetics ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Mouse ◽  
Acute Ethanol
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