scholarly journals Bone and Muscle Crosstalk in Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen He ◽  
Wenzhen He ◽  
Jing Hou ◽  
Kaixuan Chen ◽  
Mei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two age-related diseases that affect the quality of life in the elderly. Initially, they were thought to be two independent diseases; however, recently, increasing basic and clinical data suggest that skeletal muscle and bone are both spatially and metabolically connected. The term “osteosarcopenia” is used to define a condition of synergy of low bone mineral density with muscle atrophy and hypofunction. Bone and muscle cells secrete several factors, such as cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, into the circulation to influence the biological and pathological activities in local and distant organs and cells. Recent studies reveal that extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs derived from senescent skeletal muscle and bone cells can also be transported and aid in regulating bone-muscle crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the age-related changes in the secretome and extracellular vesicle-microRNAs secreted by the muscle and bone, and discuss their interactions between muscle and bone cells during aging.

Vision and Perception Deficits Associated With Dementia

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Monica Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Individual ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vision Deficits ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Sensory declines represent a broad category of normal age-related changes that can lead to diminished quality of life for the elderly individual, loss of independence, and increased costs for society as a whole (National Institute of Health, [NIH, 1999). As an individual ages, some of the most prevalent sensory losses are those related to vision and perception. According to the National Eye Institute (NEI, 2004), 3.3 million adult Americans have low vision or blindness and this figure is estimated to increase to 5.5 million by 2020. Vision deficits increase with age; sixty-nine percent of the population who are legally blind are those individuals 80 years old and older. Furthermore, as the population ages, so does the prevalence of multiple age-related diagnoses or conditions that effect vision and/or perception, such as diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, hemianopsia secondary to a stroke, and dementia.

scholarly journals Monitoring Health Parameters of Elders to Support Independent Living and Improve Their Quality of Life

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Ilia Adami ◽  
Michalis Foukarakis ◽  
Stavroula Ntoa ◽  
Nikolaos Partarakis ◽  
Nikolaos Stefanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Health And Well Being

Improving the well-being and quality of life of the elderly population is closely related to assisting them to effectively manage age-related conditions such as chronic illnesses and anxiety, and to maintain their independence and self-sufficiency as much as possible. This paper presents the design, architecture and implementation structure of an adaptive system for monitoring the health and well-being of the elderly. The system was designed following best practices of the Human-Centred Design approach involving representative end-users from the early stages.

scholarly journals The risk of fracture and prevalence of osteoporosis is elevated in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: data from a single Hungarian center

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anett Vincze ◽  
Levente Bodoki ◽  
Katalin Szabó ◽  
Melinda Nagy-Vincze ◽  
Orsolya Szalmás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

Abstract Background: The prevalence of osteoporosis and risk of fractures is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis, but we have little information about the bone mineral density and fracture risk in patients with inflammatory myopathies. We intended to ascertain and compare fracture risk, bone mineral density (BMD) and the prevalence of vertebral fractures in patients with inflammatory myositis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to assess the effect of prevalent fractures on the quality of life and functional capacity. Methods: Fifty-two patients with myositis and 43 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included in the study. Fracture Risk was determined using FRAX® Calculation Tool developed by the University of Sheffield. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bidirectional thoracolumbar radiographs were performed to assess BMD and vertebral fractures. Quality of life was measured with Short Form-36 (SF-36) and physical function assessment was performed using Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Results: We found a significantly elevated fracture risk in RA compared to myositis patients if the risk assessment was performed without the application of the BMD results. If BMD results and glucocorticoid dose adjustment were taken into account, the differences in fracture risk were no longer significant. The prevalence of osteoporosis was found to be significantly higher in the myositis group (7% vs. 13.5%, p: 0,045), but the fracture prevalence was similar in the two groups (75% vs. 68%). The fractures rates were associated with age in both groups, but not with cumulative dose of steroid and BMD results correlated with fracture prevalence only in the RA patients. The number of prevalent fractures was significantly correlated to poorer physical function in both groups, and poorer health status in the myositis group, but not in the RA group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that inflammatory myopathies carry significantly elevated risk for osteoporosis and fractures. This higher risk is comparable to one detected with RA in studies and strongly affects the physical function and quality of life of patients. Therefore further efforts are required to make the fracture risk assessment reliable and to facilitate the use early preventive treatments.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia, obesity, osteoporosis and old age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
S. V. Topolyanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

Modern concepts about body composition in the elderly are described in the review. Particular attention is paid to possible causes and pathogenetic aspects of sarcopenia, as well as modern diagnostic approaches to its recognition. The ageing process is inevitably combined with diverse changes in body composition. This age-related evolution can be described by three main processes: a decrease in the growth and mineral density of bone tissue (osteopenia and osteoporosis); progressive decrease in muscle mass; an increase in adipose tissue (sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity) with its redistribution towards central and visceral fat accumulation. Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are considered the main geriatric syndromes. These pathological conditions contribute to a significant decrease in the quality of life in the elderly; create conditions for the loss of independence and require long-term care, increase the frequency of hospitalizations and ultimately result in adverse outcomes.

Preventing Alzheimer's Wandering

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Sara Paiva ◽  
Rui Peleja ◽  
Jorge Cunha ◽  
Carlos Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Age Related

With increased life expectancy, the incidence of age-related cognitive impairments, faced by the elderly and older generations, is growing. Among the population with cognitive impairments, those that suffer from Alzheimer's disease are the most common. The Alzheimer's disease is a chronic degenerative brain disorder that is characterised by a failure of memory and, in some instances, by disorders in language, perception and planning. As a consequence of the progressive damages imposed by the illness, patients will increasingly seek and need assistance. This paper presents a tool to aid the development and managing of caregiving communities, comprising immediate family members, relatives, neighbours and healthcare professionals, to assist patients with Alzheimer's disease. Such communities could have a strong impact on the quality of care provided to the patients. At the same time, it is hoped that involving communities will significantly improve the quality of life of Alzheimer's patients and their families while reducing the costs related to the care provided.

Metabolic and musculoskeletal effects of cystic fibrosis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta Hill ◽  
Jane Ashbrook ◽  
Charles Haworth
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Airway Clearance

This chapter provides a comprehensive update on the prevention, recognition, and treatment of low bone mineral density in people with CF. As life expectancy improves, the extra-pulmonary complications of CF are becoming increasingly important to quality of life. Up to 25 per cent of CF patients have reduced bone mineral density in adulthood, leading to the development of fragility fractures which cause pain, thereby interfering with airway clearance and predisposing to pulmonary infection. Osteoporosis can be a relative contraindication for lung transplantation. Other important musculoskeletal issues including CF arthropathy, growth, and urinary incontinence are covered. CF arthropathy is a non-erosive episodic sero-negative arthritis, often difficult to treat and which may require specialist input. Urinary incontinence is common girls and women with CF and has a negative impact on quality of life and ability to complete therapies. The pathophysiology and management of urinary incontinence are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document